利用烟剂防治苹果巢蛾的研究

苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeuta malinella Zeller)幼虫巢网孔隙約为0.28—2.25微米,平均0.53微米,一般噴雾液滴約100—400微米,无法喷入网內。利用烟剂毒杀幼虫药效测定結果証明:45％六六六烟剂不及45％滴滴涕烟剂和六六六-滴滴涕混合烟剂(45％等量六六六和滴滴涕)。每公頃用六六六-滴滴涕混合烟剂15—20斤,风速1—1.5米/秒,于越冬幼虫出鞘活动初期,日落后采用定点或定点与移动相結合的方法施烟一次,田間防治效果达77.9％—94.3％;平均示范防治效果为74.3％、73.3％。烟剂防治效果高于敌百虫,稍遜于对硫磷噴雾,且施药安全、防治費低,比噴液提高工效30倍,适于大面积应用。     

我国农业病虫抗药性监测和治理

1我国农业病虫抗药性发展我国农业病虫抗药性的产生和发展,也和其它国家一样,是和长期不合理使用农药密切相关的。自50年代初起,化学农药在我国的使用量逐年增加。由于长期单一使用,至60年代初,在山东发现棉蚜对内吸磷产生抗药性,在浙江三化螟对六六六产生抗药性。以后因抗药性的发展,致使滴滴涕、对硫磷、乐果、敌百虫、马拉硫磷等都失去控制棉花害虫为害的能力。80年代初,引进了菊酯类农药,当时使用菊酯1万倍液防治棉蚜效果达99%以上,5—6千倍防治棉铃虫效果达95%以上,被农民誉为防治棉花害虫的特效药剂。对菊酯类农药的使用,也同样存在单一使用的问题。即从防治棉蚜开始,直到防治棉铃虫结束,整个棉花生育期内都用菊酯防治。因     

浙八味中药材中农药残留调查及控制对策

通过对浙八味主产区的调查.发现有些中药材依然受到土壤中的滴滴涕、六六六农药残留的污染.麦冬中滴滴涕(或同系物)残留量较高,主要因过去曾长期、大量使用滴滴涕、六六六,导致种植麦冬的部分土壤中滴滴涕(或同系物)残留量仍较高(最高达1.6mg/kg);在部分中药材和土壤中检测出痕量的六六六残留.仙居白术2个样品和土壤中五氯硝基苯的残留较高,其他部分中药材中检测到很低量的毒死蜱、违禁高毒有机磷农药甲胺磷、氯菊酯等农药残留.除了滴滴涕、六六六外,造成中药材中其他农药残留的原因均为药农违规使用农药.     

利用地膜防治枣园枣尺蠖效果初探

为探索对枣园主要害虫枣尺蠖的低成本绿色防控技术,本试验研究了3种地膜覆盖处理对枣尺蠖的防治效果。结果表明,地膜覆盖处理的枣尺蠖越冬蛹羽化时间较未覆膜对照约提前10d;普通白色塑料地膜、白色液体地膜和黑色液体地膜均能有效降低越冬蛹的羽化出土率,分别较未覆膜对照降低100%、81.4%和93.0%。通过对各处理土壤温、湿度的测定发现,地膜覆盖处理显著提高了土壤温、湿度,推测其是造成越冬代枣尺蠖成虫羽化期提前的原因。     

有机氯农药对环境的污染及其问题的探讨

一、前言六六六、滴滴涕是40年代中期发现的有机合成杀虫剂,由于它们价廉、广谱(对农、林、牧、毛纺、储粮、卫生等害虫均有效),使用安全,得到广泛的应用。后来,由于它们的残留期长,容易通过食物链富集等问题,自1962年发现它们有残毒及污染环境以后,1970年至今,有二十多个国家宣布禁用,我国已于1983年4月1日起,停止生产。我们于1982～1984年,在湖北省的棉产区天门县,开展了六六六、滴滴涕的环境污染状况及防治方法的研究,并提出限用的建议。     

全国粘虫科研协作碰头会

全国粘虫科研协作组于1982年12月16—20日在北京召开碰头会。会上对“灭幼脲1号、3号防治粘虫技术”进行了鉴定。认为灭幼脲可以代滴滴涕、六六六等有机氯农     

不同饵剂对红火蚁的田间防控效果

本文探究了2.15%吡虫啉、0.05%茚虫威、0.3%氟虫腈和0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯等4种不同有效成分的杀蚁饵剂对红火蚁的防控效果。结果表明,4种饵剂处理两次施药后均可有效灭除红火蚁蚁巢及工蚁,第一次施药后7 d,以0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯的防治效果最高,达82.06%,2.15%吡虫啉防治效果最低,为56.4%;第二次施药后28 d, 0.05%茚虫威、0.3%氟虫腈和0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯的防治效果均达92%以上。综上,0.05%茚虫威、0.3%氟虫腈、0.45%胺菊酯+0.05%氯氰菊酯可有效防治红火蚁,建议在生产中轮换推广使用。     

除虫菊酯与杀虫脒混用的研究

近年国内试验结果表明,杀灭菊酯及溴氰菊酯防治棉铃虫药效高,残效长,对人畜较安全,而对红蜘蛛药效很差。杀虫脒防治棉铃虫的药效优于滴滴涕,又能兼治红蜘蛛。两者混合使用有增效效应。减少单位面积用药量节省农药投资,扩大兼治对象,提高防治效果。Plapp1976年报道了杀虫脒与除虫菊素混用对棉铃虫增效达17倍。1977年A11报道了甲基对硫磷与二     

3种药剂对茶尺蠖的防治效果

用22%噻虫·高氯氟微胶囊悬浮剂、25%溴氰菊酯乳油和48%毒死蜱乳油等3种农药防治茶尺蠖的试验结果表明,药后3 d和7 d,22%噻虫·高氯氟微胶囊悬浮剂和25%溴氰菊酯乳油对茶尺蠖的防治效果均高于80%。药后7 d,2%噻虫·高氯氟微胶囊悬浮剂对茶尺蠖的防治效果达86.7%,而48%毒死蜱乳油的防治效果低于80%。说明22%噻虫·高氯氟微胶囊悬浮剂和25%溴氰菊酯乳油对茶尺蠖均有较好的防治效果。     

枣尺蠖核型多角体病毒应用试验

枣尺蠖(Sucra jujuba Chu)俗名枣步曲,是我国北方晋、冀、鲁、豫等省枣树重要害虫。主要为害嫩芽、嫩叶及花蕾,造成枣果减产。从1986年开始,进行了田间中试和万亩枣林防治示范,结果简报如下:     

应用敌百虫防治荔枝蝽象的大田试验

荔枝蝽象是华南地区的重要害虫之一。作者根据此虫自然抗药性季节变化的規律,結合荔枝的开花結果时期,采用有机磷杀虫剂敌百虫0.067％水溶液噴雾于3月中及5月初各噴药一次,防治效果达95％以上。基本可以消灭荔枝蝽象成虫及若虫的为害,达到保花保果的要求。根据試驗結果,掌握上述两个时期大面积噴敌百虫,对荔枝开花、結果以及品质,均无不良影响。噴药时最好暫时关閉蜂箱,噴药后再放蜂。大面积使用敌百虫防治荔枝蝽象,成本低廉,每株药剂及人工費用为0.177元,每亩15株計算,每亩費用为2.65元。防治时期,最好选择能在3—4天內天晴、气温较高、风力0—1級为宜,噴雾要求均匀周到。     

棉蚜对溴氰菊酯不敏感性与水解酶的变化初探

本文采用生物测定和生物化学方法就棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)在不同地区不同时期对溴氰菊酯不敏感性与水解酶的变化进行了初步研究。结果表明:新乡地区棉蚜对溴氰菊酯存在高倍不敏感性。同一地区,蕾铃期棉蚜不敏感性高于苗期棉蚜。在离体条件下,棉蚜羧酸酯酶的活力随着棉蚜对溴氰菊酯不敏感性增加而增加。磷酸酯酶活性变化则不显著。     

婺源县茶尺蠖发生规律的研究

茶尺蠖是茶叶上的重要食叶性害虫,影响茶叶的产量与品质。为了解茶尺蠖的发生规律,2011—2013连续3年应用佳多牌虫情测报灯对婺源县茶尺蠖类害虫的发生种类、数量、发生期及种群动态等进行了观测,试验结果表明,茶尺蠖发生在婺源1年内可以发生4~5代、发生期长且世代重叠,主发生期在每年的6~9月。     

Floral attractants for the female soybean looper, Thysanoplusia orichalcea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

BACKGROUND: The soybean looper, Thysanoplusia orichalcea (F.), is a polyphagous insect pest of vegetable crops. Indonesian in origin, it has spread to Europe, India, Africa, Australia and New Zealand. The identification of an attractant for female T. orichalcea could enable the development of alternative pest management strategies to those provided by insecticides or sex pheromones, which are often only attractive to males. RESULTS: Traps baited with synthetic lures derived from Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., floral volatiles attracted female T. orichalcea. Phenylacetaldehyde, a floral compound attractive to many Lepidoptera and present in C. arvense, was tested alone as an attractant for the soybean looper and caught significantly more female than male T. orichalcea. Trap catch was greatest when phenylacetaldehyde was combined with five prevalent volatiles present in C. arvense headspace collections: 2‐phenylethyl alcohol, methyl salicylate, dimethyl salicylate, benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. Twice as many female moths as males were collected. CONCLUSION: Successful trapping of female T. orichalcea in either a lure‐and‐kill or a mass trapping system may offer an effective way to manage its population size. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

枣疯病的媒介昆虫——凹缘菱纹叶蝉生物学和防治研究

凹缘菱纹叶蝉(Hishimonus sellatus Uhler)在国内分布广泛,食性杂,主要为害枣类、芝麻、月季花、桑等。该虫1年发生3代,主要以成虫在松、柏树上越冬,部分以卵越冬。用辛硫磷、杀灭菊酯、1605等农药效果显著。     

香蕉扁象的预测预报及防治方法

香蕉扁象Odoiporus longicollis Olivier是我国香蕉产区最重要的钻蛀害虫,以幼虫在蕉茎内取食,造成大量蛀道,危害严重。此虫年发生6代,世代重叠,成虫白天栖息于假茎枯烂叶鞘内侧,夜出活动,产卵前期较长。老熟幼虫在旧蕉茎内越冬,每年成虫种群发生有两个高峰期,分别为4—5月和9—10月。采用历期预测法或卵巢分级预测法,确定防治适期,用化学农药喷杀产卵前期的成虫;以及清除枯烂叶鞘,砍除隔年留头老蕉茎,消灭越冬幼虫,是目前防治此虫比较有效的措施。     

Report of a rapid pest risk analysis for Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) for the island of Ireland

The hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée), is a serious forest pest in North America with three subspecies that vary in their geographical range and larval host preferences. Both broadleaved and coniferous trees are infested, though the largest impacts are on coniferous forestry where trees can be completely defoliated and killed. The pest was identified as a potential threat to forestry on the island of Ireland during a horizon‐scanning exercise to identify pests of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. (Sitka spruce) and was subject to a rapid pest risk analysis (PRA). Though judged to be unlikely, pathways identified were uncontrolled wood commodities and mosses and lichens harvested from forests in North America and exported for use in ornamental displays. Lambdina fiscellaria is found in a range of climate types, and is likely to be able to complete its lifecycle in the Irish climate – although there is uncertainty concerning its ability to adapt to European trees. Lambdina fiscellaria has only a limited capacity for spread, as virgin females are burdened by their eggs and are poor fliers. This was judged to reduce potential impacts in the PRA area – as the slow rate of spread would provide time to develop monitoring and control methods well ahead of the pest reaching its maximum extent on the island of Ireland. The pest still poses a considerable risk to coniferous forestry not only on the island of Ireland but across the EPPO region where climate is suitable for the pest to establish. Regulation and implementation of phytosanitary measures prevent introduction of the pest should be considered.     

Interaction of acetic acid and phenylacetaldehyde as attractants for trapping pest species of moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

BACKGROUND: Phenylacetaldehyde is a flower volatile and attractant for many nectar‐seeking moths. Acetic acid is a microbial fermentation product that is present in insect sweet baits. It is weakly attractive to some moths and other insects, but can be additive or synergistic with other compounds to make more powerful insect lures. RESULTS: Acetic acid and phenylacetaldehyde presented together in traps made a stronger lure than either chemical alone for moths of the alfalfa looper Autographa californica (Speyer) and the armyworm Spodoptera albula (Walker). However, this combination of chemicals reduced captures of the cabbage looper moth Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), the silver Y moth Autographa gamma (L.), MacDunnoughia confusa (Stephens) and the soybean looper moth Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) by comparison with phenylacetaldehyde alone. CONCLUSION: These results indicate both positive and negative interactions of acetic acid, a sugar fermentation odor cue, and phenylacetaldehyde, a floral scent cue, in eliciting orientation responses of moths. This research provides a new two‐component lure for the alfalfa looper A. californica and for the armyworm S. albula for potential use in pest management. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

涕灭威在棉籽和土壤中的残留研究

采用气相色谱火焰光度检测器测定了涕灭威及其有毒代谢物在棉籽和土壤中的残留,并对文献报道的方法作了改进。该方法的回收率为85—105％。在棉籽和土壤中的最小检测量分别为0.006ppm和0.004ppm。两年内在8个地区进行涕灭威在棉花上的田间和小区试验结果表明,涕灭威主要滞留在0—10cm的土壤中,最高检出量为0.039ppm,而残留量与施药量呈正相关;在施药量大于1.2kg/ha时,棉籽中有涕灭威检出,平均检出量为0.023ppm,最高检出量为0.035ppm。     

柑桔黑刺粉虱发生规律及防治

对柑桔黑刺粉虱的生活习性,发生规律,有效积温,天敌种类和药剂防治等进行了比较系统的研究,该虫在广东一般１年发生５代,第１代成虫出现份,１１月下旬以后若虫和蛹开始越冬,发育起点温度为１１．０１℃,完成了１个世代所需有效积温为７９１．２７日度。