舍外温湿度对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能及酶活性影响的研究

以荷斯坦奶牛为试验对象,研究不同环境温度、湿度对奶牛生产性能及血液乳清酶活性的影响。研究结果表明:随着环境温度的季节性下降和舍内湿度的升高,血清及乳清ALT、AST和ALP活性下降;血清和乳清中CK活性升高;血清LDH活性升高,乳清LDH活性降低;建议舍内温度5.5℃±0.5,相对湿度80%为宜。     

舍外温湿度对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能及酶活性影响的研究

以荷斯坦奶牛为试验对象,研究不同环境温度、湿度对奶牛生产性能及血液乳清酶活性的影响.研究结果表明随着环境温度的季节性下降和舍内湿度的升高,血清及乳清ALT、AST和ALP活性下降;血清和乳清中CK活性升高;血清LDH活性升高,乳清LDH活性降低;建议舍内温度5.5℃±0.5,相对湿度80%为宜.     

益生素对杂交奶牛产奶量及血液生化指标的影响

本研究采用益生素对杂交奶牛(西门塔尔×本地黄牛)进行不同剂量的添加饲喂试验,测定杂交奶牛的产奶量及血液中有关生化指标的含量。结果表明,益生素能显著提高杂交奶牛的产奶量(P<0.05)。试验牛血清总蛋白、甘油三酯均有不同程度升高,血清尿素氮有所下降,但差异不显著(P>0.05),血清葡萄糖含量无变化。益生素的作用与添加量有关,以100g/(头.d)添加量为宜。     

奶牛不同泌乳阶段的产奶性能与营养状况血液生化指标相关性研究

研究以不同泌乳阶段荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,检测分析奶牛血清中各生理生化指标与产奶性能的相关性,采用3×3二因素完全随机试验设计,将180头荷斯坦奶牛分为9组,每组20个重复。因素一为泌乳阶段,分泌乳前期、泌乳中期和泌乳后期;因素二为产奶量,设高产、中产和低产3个水平。研究不同泌乳阶段和产奶量对血清维生素A、维生素E含量的影响,分析血清中VA、VE、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、尿素氮(BUN)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)浓度的变化规律及其与产奶性能的相关性。试验结果表明:血清中VA和VE含量都随着奶牛泌乳期的延长而升高,泌乳后期高于前期和中期,高产和中产奶牛血清VA含量显著高于低产奶牛,但高产奶牛血清VE含量显著低于中产和低产奶牛;随着泌乳期的延长,奶牛血清中NEFA、Ca和P含量降低,血清AKP活性与BUN含量呈升高趋势。血清生化指标和产奶性能的相关性与泌乳阶段有关,并且在泌乳前期更为明显,泌乳前期,血清中VA、NEFA和BUN含量均与产奶量呈显著正相关关系,但血清中Ca的含量与产奶量呈显著负相关关系,并且相关性较强;泌乳后期VE含量与产奶量呈显著负相关关系。     

奶牛产后气虚血瘀证诊断标准的研究

试验选择临床表现血瘀症状的产后病牛进行生化和血液流变学指标检测.结果:与健康奶牛产后8～10 h相应值比较,病牛血清WOD活性、血糖、血浆总蛋白、球蛋白含量显著降低(P《0.05),淀粉酶活性、白蛋白和血红蛋白含量差异不显著(P》0.05);全血比粘度、还原全血比粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞聚集指数及血浆纤维蛋白原含量显著升高(P《0.005 或0.01),全血凝固时间显著缩短(P《0.05),而红细胞压积无明显变化 (P》0.05),临床症状与生化、血液流变学主要指标变化基本相符,据此初步提出了奶牛产后气虚血瘀证诊断标准.     

慢性冷应激对奶牛乳清生化指标及酶活性的影响

为研究慢性冷应激对荷斯坦奶牛乳清生化指标和酶活性的影响。结果显示,随着环境温度的下降,乳清ALB、BUN、P含量呈升高趋势;TP、Ca含量降低;Glu、CHO含量无显著性变化(P>0.05);ALT、AST、ALP和LDH活性下降。表明慢性冷应激可引起奶牛乳清中某些生化指标和酶活性的变化。     

环形泰勒焦虫对奶牛生理生化水平的影响

本试验对感染环形泰勒焦虫奶牛的生理生化指标进行了探讨。通过测定体温、心率、呼吸次数和血细胞计数来观察环形泰勒焦虫对奶牛生理指标的影响，通过对血清中血糖、谷丙转氨酶和总胆红素的测定来观察环形泰勒焦虫对奶牛生化指标的影响。结果显示，感染环形泰勒焦虫的奶牛临床表现为体温、呼吸次数、心率极显著增高（P〈0．01），红细胞总数、红细胞压积、血红蛋白降低，白细胞总数升高，血清中谷丙转氨酶和总胆红素的含量与对照组相比极显著升高（P〈0．01），血糖含量比对照组极显著降低（P〈0．01）。     

热应激对西南地区肉兔生理生化指标的影响

为了研究西南地区夏季热应激对肉兔生理生化指标的影响,本试验选择8只健康肉兔,分别测定非热应激期和热应激期兔舍环境温度和相对湿度,并测定试验肉兔血清中生理生化指标。结果表明:(1)热应激期试验肉兔的直肠温度、耳根温度、尾根温度和呼吸频率均极显著高于非热应激期(P0.01),颈部温度显著高于非热应激期(P0.05);(2)与非热应激期相比,热应激期肉兔血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)含量差异不显著(P0.05),甲状腺素(T_4)含量在第30天显著降低(P0.05),皮质醇(COR)含量极显著增加(P0.01),热休克蛋白70(HSP70)含量显著增加(P0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量在第1天升高而后逐渐恢复正常(P0.05)。这表明夏季高温高湿环境诱发了肉兔的热应激反应,热应激肉兔表现为直肠温度、耳根温度、颈部温度、尾根温度及呼吸频率升高,内分泌系统紊乱,抗氧化能力降低。     

生化黄腐酸对奶牛乳体细胞数及生产性能影响的研究

通过对奶牛饲喂生化黄腐酸,研究其对奶牛生产性能、血液生化指标及乳体细胞数的影响。选择50头泌乳奶牛,进行分组试验。结果表明,添加生化黄腐酸的试验组奶牛产奶量较对照组提高了5.99%,乳脂率提高1.97%,乳体细胞数下降了40.09%,乳蛋白率变化不明显;奶牛血清中SOD含量提高了3.6%,GSH-Px含量提高了7.72%,LDH含量降低9.3%,MDA变化不明显,奶牛白细胞维持正常,两组各项指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。综合指标分析表明:饲喂生化黄腐酸具有提高奶牛泌乳性能,减少奶牛乳体细胞数,增强机体抗病力的效果。     

围产期奶牛亚临床酮病的生化诊断

本研究分析比较了产后初期亚临床酮病奶牛和健康奶牛血清葡萄糖、非酯化脂肪酸、-羟丁酸、铜和锌的代谢水平,以期进一步完善奶牛亚临床酮病的生化诊断。结果表明,与健康奶牛相比较,亚临床酮病奶牛的血清非酯化脂肪酸和-羟丁酸含量显著升高,而葡萄糖和锌含量显著降低,铜含量无显著差异。揭示血清葡萄糖、非酯化脂肪酸和锌含量可作为奶牛亚临床酮病生化诊断的参考指标。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.