伞滑刃线虫属部分种群28S RNA基因中D2-D3区的特征

 对伞滑刃线虫属部分种群包括松材线虫、拟松材线虫、豆伞滑刃线虫、莱奴尔夫伞滑刃线虫和泰国伞滑刃线虫等种的28S RNA基因中D2-D3区进行了系统的研究。经PCR扩增发现, 不同的种均产生1个约750 bp的片段。利用限制性内切酶对其进行PCR-RFLP分析, 除松材线虫与拟松材线虫的酶切图谱比较接近外, 其它伞滑刃线虫种群获得不同的酶切图谱。图谱分析发现, 限制性内切酶Bsh1236I能区分2个近似种——松材线虫和拟松材线虫。进一步分析表明:Bsh1236I对28S RNA基因D2-D3区的酶切可用于鉴定本研究中伞滑刃线虫属的不同种群。同时运用clustalx1.8和Mega 2软件对28S RNA基因D2-D3区构建部分伞滑刃线虫属种群的系统树, 显示出与形态学基本一致的聚类组群。     

木质包装中松材线虫的实时荧光PCR检测

松材线虫是进境木质包装中的重要检疫对象之一。本研究以进境木质包装中截获的12种伞滑刃属线虫,包括4种不同来源的松材线虫、3种不同来源的拟松材线虫、豆伞滑刃线虫、大尖尾伞滑刃线虫、阿苏里伞滑刃线虫、伯氏伞滑刃线虫及拟小刺伞滑刃线虫为材料,进行实时荧光PCR检测。结果显示,仅松材线虫可观察到明显的荧光强度变化,而其他线虫的荧光强度没有变化。通过研磨样品的方法,提取单条松材线虫的DNA,进行实时荧光PCR试验,检测成功率为100%,且不论是雄虫、雌虫或幼虫均能检测出来。该研究对于我国口岸进境木质包装中松材线虫的检测具有一定的实际意义。     

Duplex PCR 快速检测松材线虫

利用duplex PCR技术对松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)与拟松材线虫(B. mucronatus)的rDNA部分核苷酸序列扩增.根据松材线虫与拟松材线虫的ITS1序列区别,设计出特异性引物,检测松材线虫的存在;在5.8S,28S保守序列区设计通用引物,检测伞滑刃线虫的存在.     

从韩国进境松木包装箱上截获一种伞滑刃属线虫

从韩国进境的松木包装箱中截获了一种伞滑刃属线虫。该线虫与松材线虫、拟松材线虫、假伞滑刃线虫在形态上有许多相似之处,但又不同于这三种线虫。主要区别在雌虫的尾部形态及口针长度,雄虫的交合刺、交合伞、以及ａ、ｂ测量值上。     

马尾松萎蔫病树一种线虫分离物的鉴定

 2002年从贵阳市南明区采集到濒临死亡的马尾松标样,用改进的浅盘分离法对其进行了病原物的分离、纯化、形态学及分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,萎蔫死亡松树分离出的线虫形态特征与Mamiya报道的拟松材线虫形态特征相符。用伞滑刃线虫ITS区(internal transcribed spacer)通用引物VRF1(5'CGTAACAAGGTAGCTGTAG 3')和VRF2(5'TC-CTCCGCTAAATGATATG 3')对其基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,并对其PCR产物进行回收、克隆和测序。测序结果显示,此ITS序列与南京松材线虫的同源性为77.6%,与基因库已报道拟松材线虫序列U93554的同源性为93.5%,而与云南拟松材线虫江川种群、峨山种群和西畴种群的同源性为97.9%。通过以上形态学和分子生物学的研究,将贵阳市南明区采集到的马尾松萎蔫病树线虫分离物鉴定为拟松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus mucronatus)。     

松材线虫组DNA条形码筛选

本文基于Gen Bank中登录的14种松材线虫组线虫的28S、18S和ITS部分基因DNA序列,利用遗传距离法及分子生物学方法评价其各自作为松材线虫组DNA条形码序列的适用性。结果显示,28S(拟松材线虫不分亚种)、28S(拟松材线虫分亚种)、18S和ITS的基因序列种内成对遗传距离平均值分别为0.0071、0.0030、0.0007、0.0043,种间成对遗传距离平均值分别为0.0476、0.0454、0.0052、0.1556,其中28S、18S基因序列种内及种间距离存在一定程度的重叠,ITS具有一定程度的Barcoding gap。3个基因序列构建的NJ进化树显示,28S、ITS构建的系统进化树具有较高的节点支持率,可以有效将14个松材线虫组线虫分离成独立分支,而且28S可以有效鉴别出拟松材线虫的2个亚种;基于18S基因构建的进化树不能对吉拉尼伞滑刃线虫、日本冷杉伞滑刃线虫、拟松材线虫进行有效区分。因此,28S、ITS区具有一定的遗传距离间隔以及相对较高的物种识别率,可以作为松材线虫组线虫候选条形码基因。     

2种常见伞滑刃线虫的特异PCR检测方法

包括松材线虫和椰子红环腐线虫在内的伞滑刃属线虫形态上相似性高,形态鉴定难度较大。本文通过对伞滑刃属常见线虫群体ITS2区序列比对、分析,设计了木质包装材料检疫中常见的泰国伞滑刃线虫和豆伞滑刃线虫特异引物对各1对,并研究了这2种常见伞滑刃线虫的PCR检测方法,使用本文特异引物可分别特异、快速检测出这两种线虫。     

无锡口岸进境木质包装中截获的两种伞滑刃线虫的形态鉴定

松材线虫病是林业上的一种毁灭性病害.在进境木质包装检疫中,除该病的病原物松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(steiner et buhrer)Nickel)外,还常常截获同属于伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus spp.)的多种与之形态非常相似的线虫.本研究对进境木质包装检疫中截获的两种伞滑刃属线虫--B. rainulfi和B.conicaudatus进行了形态描述和鉴定.     

感染松材线虫病松树滑刃目线虫调查

 本研究首次在全国范围内调查感染松材线虫病松树体内滑刃目线虫的种群组成,包括种类记述和数量组成分析。结果表明:在300份样品中共分离得到10种滑刃目线虫,隶属于3科、4属,其中有2个国内新记录种;它们是松材线虫、拟松材线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、薄荷滑刃线虫、大核滑刃线虫、小麦长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、爱尔密那长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、李氏长尾线虫、吴氏长尾线虫和外滑刃科线虫一种;描述并且图示比较它们的形态特征。种群数量组成分析表明:松材线虫在感病松树体内占据绝对的优势,削弱了松树线虫群落组成的多样性,即线虫群落结构趋向单一化。研究还表明,利用长尾属线虫的捕食习性来控制中国松材线虫病的流行与危害值得进一步探索与研究。     

伞滑刃属线虫专家鉴定系统

近年来,口岸检验检疫机构多次在进境木质包装中截获活体线虫,其中多次截获到伞滑刃属的松材线虫和与其形态相似的拟松材线虫.由于线虫形体细小,种的形态差别不大,一般非专业的工作人员难以进行鉴定.     

湖南病死马尾松中分离线虫的鉴定

分离自对湖南郴州、耒阳、张家界地区的病死马尾松样品,采用形态鉴别和分子生物学鉴别相结合的方法对其进行鉴定.形态鉴定结果显示分离检出线虫更符合拟松材线虫特征.同时采用ITS-PCR-RELP方法对病死马尾松中分离线虫进行分子鉴定,ITS区经EcolI和HindⅢ酶切后得到110、160、242、404bp 4条特征带,与拟松材线虫相同,而与松材线虫有明显区别.而且ITS及CoI基因序列信息显示,湖南病死马尾松中分离线虫与松材线虫的同源性分别为92.9%、89.3%,而与拟松材线虫的同源性高达97.2%、95.2%.研究结果表明湖南病死马尾松中分离的线虫为拟松材线虫.     

First record of Bursaphelenchus leoni in South Africa and comparison with some other Bursaphelenchus spp.

Bursaphelenchus leoni was found in wood of a severely wilted pine tree ( Pinus radiata ) in South Africa. Morphological studies and morphometric measurements showed the South African population to be conspecific with B. leoni which is widespread in southern Europe and indigenous in the Mediterranean region. In addition, molecular biological tests (RFLP analysis of amplified ribosomal DNA) confirmed this diagnosis and allowed comparisons with other Bursaphelenchus spp. from pine and other trees, i.e. B. xylophilus, B. mucronatus, B. fraudulentus and B. sexdentati. This is the first record of a Bursaphelenchus species in South Africa as well as in the southern hemisphere. P. radiata is recorded as a new host for B. leoni.     

Preliminary survey of the pinewood nematode in Turkey

A survey was conducted in the northern conifer forests of Turkey in 2003 and 2004 for the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . Wood samples were collected from declining pine trees, located in the following target areas: Düzce, Ankara, Bolu, and Artvin. Nematodes were extracted from over 310 samples and were observed and identified. B. xylophilus was not detected in any samples. Bursaphelenchus species were only found in 6% of the samples. From the B. xylophilus -group, only the species B. mucronatus was reported. Species identification was performed from morphological characters, particularly male spicules, and by molecular analysis with ITS-RFLP.     

松材线虫rDNA的测序和PCR-SSCP分析

 本文为克服形态鉴定的不足,用分子生物学的方法鉴别松材线虫。线虫核糖体DNA(r DNA)的内部转录间隔区(ITS1)区(约308bp)的测序结果显示:松材线虫种内区别很小,不超过1bp;拟松材线虫种内区别较大,最大达7bp;这2种线虫的种间区别为32~39bp。根据以上测序结果,本文结合单条线虫DNA的提取技术,对14个松材线虫和拟松材线虫样本进行了单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)分析,结果表明PCR-SSCP分析技术可明确区分这2种线虫,该技术可为单条松材线虫的鉴定提供一套灵敏而可靠的方法。     

应用TaqMan-MGB探针进行松材线虫的实时荧光定量检测技术研究

 松材线虫是国际公认的最重要的检疫性有害生物之一,也是我国2类检疫危险性有害生物,我国口岸多次从货物的木质包装中截获该线虫。由于松材线虫与拟松材线虫在形态上极其相似,难以区分,幼虫更无法用于鉴定。传统的形态学鉴定、生化以及其他分子技术等方法存在费时、准确度不高、灵敏度低等缺点,不易形成标准。我们设计筛选一对引物以及一条MGB探针,对松材线虫进行实时荧光PCR检测。建立了一条从1 pg到10⁴pg标准曲线,相关系数r=0.965。该检测方法省时、准确、快速、无污染。     

A survey for Bursaphelenchus spp. in pine forests in Norway

Wood samples from pine trees were taken from 429 sites throughout Norway. The samples were selected as being either from (1) healthy trees, (2) trees suffering from stress, either physical or pathological or (3) dead trees. Nematodes were recovered from 39% of samples, most from dead wood and least from healthy trees. Species of Bursaphelenchus were recovered from 12% of dead trees and 5% of stressed trees, but were never found in healthy wood. B. mucronatus was found at just one site and in this sample it was associated with Monochamus sutor , only one of two sites at which the beetle was detected. Based on the information gained from the survey and from other sources, an assessment is made of the risk of introduction of B. xylophilus from outside Europe on imported wood and its survival, spread and disease potential in European forests.     

Occurrence and ITS diversity of wood‐associated Bursaphelenchus nematodes in Scots pine forests in Switzerland

The quarantine pathogen Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode, PWN) represents a serious threat for Pinus species in Europe. To exclude its presence in Switzerland, in 2010 and 2011 a countrywide survey was conducted in 102 Pinus sylvestris stands, chosen according to whether they contained dying or dead trees or were located in areas at risk of PWN introduction. In total, 285 trees (1–5 per site) were sampled. Nematodes were extracted from wood chips using a standard procedure, and identified to species by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Bursaphelenchus species were present in 34% of the trees, but no B. xylophilus was identified, i.e. PWN is still not present in Switzerland. The nematodes found belonged to seven different species, with B. vallesianus the most frequent species, followed by B. sexdentati, B. mucronatus kolymensis and B. eggersi. Three other species (B. borealis, B. pinophilus, B. poligraphi) were each only present in one or two trees. Three groups of sequences could not be assigned to a species because of the lack of matching reference sequences. The species composition found in Switzerland suggests co‐existence of southern and central European Bursaphelenchus species. Intraspecific ITS variability differed considerably among the four most common species. Bursaphelenchus eggersi, B. mucronatus kolymensis and B. sexdentati had several variable sites in the ITS region, resulting in multiple ITS genotypes in each species. In contrast, all 99 B. vallesianus isolates had an identical ITS region. This could indicate a founder effect, and possibly that B. vallesianus is not native to the Alpine region.