低聚木糖和益生菌对2胎母猪繁殖性能、乳成分及血液生理生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究妊娠后期和哺乳期2胎母猪饲粮中添加低聚木糖(XOS)和益生菌对母猪繁殖性能、乳成分和血液生理生化指标的影响。选择膘情、体况及预产期相近的2胎健康纯种母猪(大白和长白)30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组饲喂基础饲粮+0.05%低聚木糖的饲粮,试验2组饲喂基础饲粮+0.05%低聚木糖+0.03%益生菌的饲粮。试验期52 d(母猪妊娠90 d至断奶后发情)。结果表明:1)试验1组产仔数、产活仔数和健仔数均显著高于对照组(P0.05);2)3组初生窝重、断奶个体重、仔猪个体增重、仔猪窝增重、母猪背膘损失、产程和发情间隔均差异不显著(P0.05),但试验1组和试验2组产程分别比对照组缩短8.67 min(P0.05)和22.33 min(P0.05),试验2组发情间隔比对照组缩短0.25 d(P0.05);3)3组母猪初乳和常乳的乳成分和血清生理生化指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。从整体来看,低聚木糖能显著提高2胎母猪产仔数、产活仔数和健仔数,低聚木糖和益生菌协同作用不仅可以提高2胎母猪产仔数、产活仔数和健仔数,还可以缩短母猪产程和发情间隔。     

母猪妊娠后期和泌乳期饲粮中添加小麦水解蛋白对初乳中氨基酸含量、生长因子和仔猪肠道发育的影响

本试验旨在研究母猪妊娠后期和泌乳期饲粮中添加小麦水解蛋白(HWG)对初乳中氨基酸含量、生长因子和仔猪肠道发育的影响,为其在母猪饲粮配制中的应用提供试验依据。试验选用3～4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠母猪33头,随机分为3组,每组11头母猪。对照组母猪饲喂基础饲粮,试验组母猪于妊娠第90天至泌乳第21天在基础饲粮中分别添加1%和2%HWG,所有饲粮均等能等氮。结果发现:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1%和2%HWG显著提高了15～21日龄仔猪的平均日增重和仔猪21日龄时的断奶体重(P0.05),添加1%HWG显著提高了仔猪平均初生重(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1%和2%HWG显著提高了初乳中组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸和胰岛素生长因子-I含量(P0.05),添加1%HWG显著提高了初乳中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸含量(P0.05),添加2%HWG显著提高了初乳中甘氨酸、丝氨酸、胰岛素和表皮生长因子含量(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1%和2%HWG显著降低了断奶仔猪血清中的氨含量以及空肠中炎性细胞因子[白细胞介素(IL)-8、IL-6、IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]和回肠中炎性细胞因子(IL-8和TNF-α)的mRNA相对表达量(P0.05),并显著提高了断奶仔猪十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛高度和隐窝深度的比值(P0.05);添加2%HWG显著提高了断奶仔猪血清中白蛋白含量(P0.05),显著降低了断奶仔猪回肠中炎性细胞因子IL-6的mRNA相对表达量和回肠的隐窝深度(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1%HWG显著提高了断奶仔猪空肠紧密连接蛋白-4 (claudin-4)的表达(P 0. 05),添加2%HWG显著提高了断奶仔猪空肠紧密连接蛋白-3 (claudin-3)、claudin-4和闭合蛋白(occludin)的表达(P 0.05)。综上所述,母猪妊娠后期和泌乳期饲粮中添加HWG可提高初乳中氨基酸和生长因子水平以及蛋白质的利用效率,改善仔猪的肠道健康和促进生长发育。     

不同来源的纤维与脂肪对母猪繁殖性能和生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同来源的纤维与脂肪对母猪繁殖性能和生产性能的影响。试验采用两因素交叉设计,选用120头平均3～4胎的母猪作为试验动物,分为A、B、C、D 4组,每组30头,每头母猪为1个重复,分别饲喂添加麸皮+豆皮、麸皮+甜菜粕、麸皮+苜蓿颗粒、甜菜粕+苜蓿颗粒组合的妊娠前期饲粮,探讨不同纤维源对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响;妊娠第107天后将妊娠前期每组的母猪分别分为L1、L2、L3 3组,每组10头母猪,分别饲喂添加2.5%的四级豆油、深海鱼油及复合脂肪粉的饲粮,作为妊娠后期和哺乳期饲粮,探索不同脂肪源对哺乳母猪生产性能和仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明:1)不同纤维源妊娠前期饲粮对窝产总仔数、窝产活仔数、窝产健仔数、初生窝重和初生均重均无显著影响(P0.05);除初生均重外,在数值上各指标均以8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕组合效果最佳,其次是8%麸皮+9%苜蓿草颗粒组合。2)不同纤维源妊娠前期饲粮对母猪初乳乳脂率、乳蛋白及乳糖含量和体细胞数的影响差异不显著(P0.05),8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕组合在乳脂率、乳蛋白含量上要优于其他组合;体细胞数在8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕组合上数值最低,说明母猪乳房健康状态较好。3)妊娠后期饲粮与哺乳期饲粮中分别添加2.5%的四级豆油、深海鱼油及复合脂肪粉对各组间哺乳母猪背膘损失和仔猪断奶均重均产生显著影响(P0.05)。4)母猪妊娠前期饲粮与妊娠后期、哺乳期饲粮对母猪断奶后的发情间隔存在显著互作效应(P0.05)。综上所述,本试验中母猪妊娠期饲粮添加8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕为最佳组合;妊娠后期饲粮与哺乳期饲粮中添加2.5%深海鱼油有利于提高仔猪的断奶均重,而添加2.5%复合脂肪粉相对具有较低的母猪背膘损失;母猪妊娠前期饲粮与妊娠后期、哺乳期饲粮共同影响着母猪断奶后的发情间隔,从而影响到母猪的繁殖周期。     

饲粮添加微囊丁酸钠对母猪及后代生产性能的影响

试验旨在通过在母猪妊娠后期及泌乳期饲粮中添加微囊丁酸钠,研究其对母猪及后代生产性能的影响。试验选用18头胎次及配种时间相近的(长×大)二元杂交母猪,采用单因子完全随机设计,分为2个试验组,每个组9头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,微囊丁酸钠组饲喂基础饲粮+微囊丁酸钠的饲粮。试验周期为妊娠85 d到断奶后再发情。结果表明:1在母猪妊娠后期及哺乳期饲粮中添加微囊丁酸钠后,母猪泌乳期日采食量提高了300 g,提高比例为6.67%,但差异不显著(P0.05);添加微囊丁酸钠后,母猪泌乳期掉膘较对照组降低了1.84 mm,降低比例为44.66%(P0.05);此外,微囊丁酸钠组母猪断奶后发情间隔较对照组缩短了0.5 d,缩短比例为11.60%,但无显著性差异(P0.05)。2添加微囊丁酸钠后,仔猪初生个体重提高了40 g(P=0.19),提高比例为2.7%;断奶个体重提高了200 g,提高比例为2.8%(P0.05)。结果提示,在母猪妊娠后期及泌乳期间添加微囊丁酸钠,能够提高母猪泌乳期采食量,减少泌乳期掉膘,缩短断奶后的发情间隔。同时,母猪饲粮中添加微囊丁酸钠,能够提高其后代仔猪的初生重及断奶重。     

板蓝根超微粉对长大母猪繁殖性能的影响

试验旨在研究板蓝根超微粉对长大母猪繁殖性能的影响,为寻找抗生素替代品提供科学依据。试验选择2～8胎、健康的妊娠30 d长大母猪144头,按随机区组分为2组,每组72头。试验从母猪妊娠30 d开始至哺乳仔猪26 d断奶后发情配种结束。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组妊娠母猪、哺乳母猪饲喂基础饲粮+1%板蓝根超微粉,1个月连续饲喂7 d为1个疗程。结果表明,在妊娠母猪饲粮中添加板蓝根超微粉后,总产仔数、产活仔数分别较对照组提高了7.86%(P0.05)、7.92%(P0.05),初生窝重提高了11.94%(P0.01),初生个体重提高了4.02%(P0.05)。在哺乳母猪饲粮中添加板蓝根超微粉后,断奶窝重、断奶个体重、断奶日增重、21 d泌乳量分别较对照组提高了14.06%(P0.01)、6.97%(P0.01)、7.71%(P0.01)、15.64%(P0.01),断奶仔猪成活率提高了1.45%(P0.05)。妊娠期和哺乳期饲粮中添加板蓝根超微粉后,妊娠期延长了2.4 d(P0.01),妊娠期日采食量增加3.72%(P0.05),哺乳期日采食量增加了6.62%(P0.05)。母猪产程缩短54.58 min(P0.01),断奶至发情配种时间缩短了7.17 d(P0.01)。试验组妊娠期、哺乳期母猪尿液稠黄比降低了93.93%,母猪产后恶露比率降低了81.23%,哺乳仔猪腹泻频率降低62.81%(P0.01)。该试验表明,在妊娠母猪、哺乳母猪饲粮中添加板蓝根超微粉后,提高了母猪繁殖性能和健康水平。     

不同来源的纤维与脂肪对母猪繁殖性能和生产性能的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究不同来源的纤维与脂肪对母猪繁殖性能和生产性能的影响。试验采用两因素交叉设计,选用120头平均3~4胎的母猪作为试验动物,分为A、B、C、D 4组,每组30头,每头母猪为1个重复,分别饲喂添加麸皮+豆皮、麸皮+甜菜粕、麸皮+苜蓿颗粒、甜菜粕+苜蓿颗粒组合的妊娠前期饲粮,探讨不同纤维源对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响;妊娠第107天后将妊娠前期每组的母猪分别分为L1、L2、L3 3组,每组10头母猪,分别饲喂添加2.5%的四级豆油、深海鱼油及复合脂肪粉的饲粮,作为妊娠后期和哺乳期饲粮,探索不同脂肪源对哺乳母猪生产性能和仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明:1)不同纤维源妊娠前期饲粮对窝产总仔数、窝产活仔数、窝产健仔数、初生窝重和初生均重均无显著影响(P>0.05);除初生均重外,在数值上各指标均以8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕组合效果最佳,其次是8%麸皮+9%苜蓿草颗粒组合。2)不同纤维源妊娠前期饲粮对母猪初乳乳脂率、乳蛋白及乳糖含量和体细胞数的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕组合在乳脂率、乳蛋白含量上要优于其他组合;体细胞数在8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕组合上数值最低,说明母猪乳房健康状态较好。3)妊娠后期饲粮与哺乳期饲粮中分别添加2.5%的四级豆油、深海鱼油及复合脂肪粉对各组间哺乳母猪背膘损失和仔猪断奶均重均产生显著影响(P<0.05)。4)母猪妊娠前期饲粮与妊娠后期、哺乳期饲粮对母猪断奶后的发情间隔存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。综上所述,本试验中母猪妊娠期饲粮添加8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕为最佳组合;妊娠后期饲粮与哺乳期饲粮中添加2.5%深海鱼油有利于提高仔猪的断奶均重,而添加2.5%复合脂肪粉相对具有较低的母猪背膘损失;母猪妊娠前期饲粮与妊娠后期、哺乳期饲粮共同影响着母猪断奶后的发情间隔,从而影响到母猪的繁殖周期。     

饲粮中添加鱼油对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响

通过两次试验研究了在母猪妊娠后期(103d)和泌乳期饲粮中添加鱼油对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响。试验1和试验2分别选择20头妊娠后期(103d)健康长×大杂交经产母猪,随机分成2组,每组设10个重复栏,每栏1头母猪,仔猪21d断奶。试验1在基础饲粮中分别添加0或5%的鱼油。结果显示,与对照组相比,添加5%鱼油组:1)母猪的失重、背膘损失分别降低了39.13%和15.63%,母猪发情间隔缩短0.3d。2)显著提高了仔猪的育成率(P<0.05)、仔猪的成活率(P=0.12)和21d的平均日增重(P=0.09)。为了进一步探讨鱼油的添加量和脂肪的种类对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响,试验2在基础饲粮中分别添加7%猪油或7%的鱼油。结果显示,与添加7%的猪油相比,添加7%的鱼油组:1)显著降低了泌乳期母猪背膘损失(P<0.10),改善了泌乳期母猪体况,并且发情间隔缩短0.3d。2)显著提高了仔猪21d平均日增重(P<0.05)和断奶仔猪育成率(P=0.10),仔猪21日龄窝增重和21d平均个体重分别提高了15.07%和7.45%,但差异不显著。3)对仔猪初生个体重分布和育成率用χ2检验进一步分析发现,添加7%鱼油可显著降低初生体重≤1200g较小仔猪的比例(P<0.05),显著提高初生个体重≤1500g仔猪的育成率(P<0.05),尤其是对初生个体重≤900g弱仔的育成率提高了31%。这表明,在妊娠后期和泌乳期添加鱼油可改善母猪的繁殖性能,提高哺乳仔猪的生长性能,并在一定程度上有利于提高仔猪的成活率和断奶育成率,其中鱼油以7%的添加量效果最好。     

妊娠后期母猪饲粮中添加壳寡糖对新生仔猪抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期母猪饲粮中添加壳寡糖(COS)对新生仔猪抗氧化能力的影响。选择体重、胎次和预产期一致的健康"长×白"妊娠母猪16头,随机分为2个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,COS组在基础饲粮中添加30 g/t COS。试验从母猪妊娠85 d开始至产仔结束。结果显示:1)妊娠后期母猪饲粮中添加COS对母猪繁殖性能没有显著的影响(P0.05),但是在一定程度上可以缩短母猪产程。2)妊娠后期母猪饲粮中添加COS显著提高了母猪血液中总超氧化物歧化酶(TSOD)活性(P0.05),并有降低血液中丙二醛(MDA)含量的趋势(P0.05)。3)妊娠后期母猪饲粮中添加COS显著提高了新生仔猪血液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P0.05),并有降低MDA含量的趋势(P0.05)。4)妊娠后期母猪饲粮中添加COS显著提高了新生仔猪回肠CAT、空肠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)的相对表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,妊娠后期母猪饲粮中添加COS缩短了母猪产程,一定程度上能提高母猪及新生仔猪抗氧化能力。     

妊娠后期及泌乳期日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对经产母猪繁殖性能、血浆氨基酸及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期及泌乳期日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对经产母猪繁殖性能、血浆部分氨基酸水平及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响。选取34头二元杂交母猪(5~6胎),随机分成2组,每组17头,每头母猪为1个重复。从母猪妊娠85 d开始分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)和0.05%NCG日粮(NCG组)至产后第21天(仔猪断奶),试验期共50 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,NCG组仔猪初生活仔重和初生窝重分别提高11.11%和30.12%(P0.05);NCG组母猪窝总产仔数、窝产活仔数较对照组分别提高了0.84、1.54头,NCG组死胎率和弱仔率较对照组分别降低了36.31%和37.29%,但差异均不显著(P0.05);健仔率和母猪泌乳量分别提高了10.06%和2.70 kg/d(P0.05);NCG组母猪妊娠第110天血浆精氨酸、脯氨酸和鸟氨酸浓度均显著提高了21.66%、44.77%和23.04%(P0.05);NCG组仔猪日增重、断奶个体重和断奶窝重均显著提高了12.18%、11.95%和31.10%(P0.05),仔猪断奶后发病率显著降低了29.79%(P0.05)。综上所述,妊娠后期和泌乳期添加0.05%NCG可以提高经产母猪繁殖性能、血浆部分氨基酸水平和哺乳仔猪的生长性能。     

不同剂型酸化剂对哺乳母猪生产性能、初乳成分和肠道菌群结构的影响

本试验旨在比较2种不同剂型酸化剂对哺乳母猪生产性能、初乳成分和肠道菌群结构的影响。试验选择30头体况相近、预产期接近的2~4胎长大二元杂交母猪,随机分成3个组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪。在试验期间各组母猪分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.3%吸附型酸化剂(A组)、基础饲粮+0.1%微囊型酸化剂(B组)。预试期7 d(母猪分娩前7天)、正试期26 d(从母猪分娩开始至泌乳结束)。结果表明:与对照组相比,A组和B组母猪的泌乳期平均日采食量分别提高4.9%(P0.05)和5.3%(P0.05),仔猪断奶均重分别提高2.6%(P0.05)和7.4%(P0.05)。A组和B组的母猪初乳中乳脂、乳蛋白、尿氮素、免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白A含量均高于对照组(P0.05),而乳糖含量则低于对照组(P0.05)。与对照组相比,B组母猪饲粮蛋白质消化率显著提高(P0.05),且粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05);A组母猪粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,微囊型酸化剂在提高仔猪断奶重以及哺乳母猪饲粮蛋白质消化率和改善肠道菌群结构方面有一定功效,而吸附型酸化剂在改善哺乳母猪肠道菌群结构方面有一定功效。     

Effect of dietary supplementation of oregano essential oils to sows on colostrum and milk composition, growth pattern and immune status of suckling pigs

This study evaluated the effects of supplementing sow diets with oregano essential oils (OEO) during gestation and lactation on sow colostrum and milk composition and on the growth pattern and immune status of suckling pigs. A total of 70 second-parity sows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 gestation dietary treatments within 24 h after service: control (CON) or CON + 250 mg/kg of OEO (OREG). In lactation, sows were again assigned to either the CON or OREG dietary treatment. Thus, the lactation treatments were CON-CON, CON-OREG, OREG-CON, and OREG-OREG. Colostrum and blood samples were collected from 6 sows per lactation dietary treatment. Thymus lymphocyte (T lymphocyte) subpopulations (γδ, cluster of differentiation 8, and 32 cluster of differentiation 4) were enumerated in blood and mammary secretions along with IGF-1, IgG, and IgA concentrations. Piglet growth rate were determined from 18, 17, 17, and 18 litters from the CON-CON, CON-OREG, OREG-CON, and OREG-OREG lactation dietary treatments, respectively. Growth rates were determined in 630 piglets, and piglets were individually identified and weighed on 1, 5, 9, 12, 16, and 19 d of age. Oregano essential oil supplementation during gestation or lactation had no effect (P > 0.05) on GE, CP, GE:CP, GE:fat, and IGF-1 in sow milk. Reductions of the fat percentage in milk on d 7 (P < 0.05) and d 14 (P = 0.07) were found in sows supplemented with OEO during lactation compared with those in the CON treatment. Milk from sows supplemented with OEO during lactation had the greatest number of T lymphocytes compared with those in the lactation CON treatment on d 14 of lactation (P < 0.01). The number of T lymphocytes in milk was greater for sows in the CON-OREG treatment compared with those other treatments on d 14 of lactation (P < 0.05). Energy intake was greater on d 1 to 5 in piglets from sows fed OEO during gestation than those from sows in the CON treatment (P < 0.05). A trend (P = 0.10) for greater milk intake was observed in piglets from sows supplemented with OEO during gestation compared with those from sows in the CON treatment. Similarly, a tendency for an increase in ADG on d 1 to 5 was found in piglets from sows supplemented with OEO during gestation compared with those from sows in the CON treatment (P = 0.10). Insulin-like growth factor-1 at birth and on d 7 and 14 of lactation did not differ among piglets from sows assigned to the different dietary treatments. Oregano essential oil supplementation of sow diets did not affect (P > 0.05) immunoglobulin concentrations in piglets after suckling. Supplementing sow diets with OEO during gestation or lactation did not affect (P > 0.05) the T lymphocytes, percentage of T-lymphocyte subpopulations, and natural killer cell activity of piglets during lactation. Supplementing sow diets with 250 mg/kg of OEO during gestation and lactation did not affect the growth potential of and immune responses in suckling piglets.     

羟甲基丁酸钙盐对妊娠后期-哺乳期母猪繁殖性能、乳成分及仔猪生长性能的影响

文章旨在评估日粮中添加羟甲基丁酸钙盐对妊娠后期到哺乳期母猪繁殖性能、乳成分及仔猪生长性能的影响.试验选择32头胎次接近的二元母猪,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪.对照组母猪在妊娠后期和哺乳期饲喂基础日粮,处理组母猪在妊娠和哺乳期饲喂基础日粮+8?mg/kg羟甲基丁酸钙,试验从分娩前6?d到仔猪21?d断奶....     

Live yeast supplementation during late gestation and lactation affects reproductive performance,colostrum and milk composition,blood biochemical and immunological parameters of sows

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary live yeast (LY) supplementation during late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance, colostrum and milk composition, blood biochemical and immunological parameters of sows. A total of 40 multiparous sows were randomly fed either the control (CON) diet or the CON diet supplemented with LY at 1 g/kg from d 90 of gestation to weaning. Results showed that the number of stillborn piglets and low BW piglets were significantly decreased in the LY-supplemented sows compared with sows in the CON group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of protein, lactose and solids-not-fat were increased in the colostrum of LY-supplemented sows (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT) at d 1 of lactation and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at weaning day were decreased by feeding LY diet (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, sows fed LY diet had higher plasma concentration of immunoglobulin G compared with sows fed CON diet at d 1 of lactation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LY supplementation in maternal diets decreased the number of stillborn piglets and low BW piglets, improved colostrum quality and health status of sows.     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium(Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets.Fifty-six gilts(Trial 1) and 56 sows(Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4treatments according to their mating weight,respectively.The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets(0.21%magnesium) supplemented with 0,0.015,0.03,or 0.045%Mg from mating until weaning.The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly(P 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows.There were significant effects(P 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born,born alive and weaned in sows.In late gestation and lactation,the digestibility of crude fiber(quadratic effects,P 0.05),and crude protein(P 0.05),were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows,respectively.There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows(P 0.05) during both early and late gestation.The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation(P 0.05),and lactation(quadratic effects,P 0.05).At farrowing and weaning,serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased(P 0.05).Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation(P 0.05).The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium(P 0.05).In addition,growth hormone levels were linearly elevated(P 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows.Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows,and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015%to 0.03%.     

Efficacy of mannanoligosaccharides additive to sows diets on colostrum, blood immunoglobulin content and production parameters of piglets

The present results suggest that mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) included in a sow nutrition may affect its immune system and humoral antibody production in colostrum and milk, and thus increase the piglet immunity at the postnatal period. The studies involved sows of the Polish Landrace breed mated with boars (Hampshire x Duroc). In each experiment, the sows were assigned to two groups: control and experimental (MOS). Each group consisted of 16 sows managed in pens (2 animals in each) during pregnancy, whereas at farrowing and lactation period they were placed in individual pens. The basal diet during pregnancy (PR-S) and lactation (LC-S) period contained wheat (40% in experiment I--groups 1 and 2) or triticale (40% in experiment II--groups 3 and 4), as well as barley, soybean meal, soybean oil and mineral-vitamin premix. Throughout both experiments, the sows from the experimental group had a dietary supplement of mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) preparation for 4 of weeks prepartum and 4 weeks of post partum period. A level of the MOS supplementation (8 g of MOS per sow daily) based on the recommendations of the manufacturer. Blood samples were collected from the sows on days 84 (the start of trial) and 110 of pregnancy, after farrowing, and on day 21 of lactation period, while from the piglets at birth and on day 21 of age. Colostrum was collected between 1-3, 12, 24 and 48 h after farrowing. The blood samples taken from sows and piglets as well as the samples of sow colostrum and milk were evaluated for the presence of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies. The present study has provided considerable evidence that MOS supplementation of sows feedstuff before and after farrowing (4 weeks before and 4 weeks after) exerts a positive effect on IgG content in the colostrum and plasma of sows and following this on serum IgG level in the suckling piglets. Higher level of colostral (passive) immunity influences positively body weight gain and survival rate of the piglets at weaning.     

Influence of dietary fat source on sow and litter performance,colostrum and milk fatty acid profile in late gestation and lactation

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with various fat sources (3.8–3.9% of diet) during late pregnancy and lactation on the reproductive performance, fatty acids profile in colostrum, milk and serum of sow progeny. A total of 80 multiparous sows were randomly fed a control (adding no oil), palm oil (PO), fish oil (FO) or soybean oil (SO) supplemented diet from 90 days of pregnancy to weaning. Supplementation of FO increased litter size of weak piglets, compared with the control‐fed sows (P < 0.05). Dietary FO and SO supplementation, enhanced the weaning survival rate, litter weaning weight, litter weight gain and fat content in milk (P < 0.05). The highest immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM levels in colostrum and milk were observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the highest concentration of C22:5 (n‐3) and C22:6 (n‐3) in colostrum, milk and piglet serum was observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary inclusion of FO or SO improved growth performance of nursing piglets by increasing milk fat output, and FO consumption by sows might benefit the piglets via increasing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid availability and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) secretion.     

Effects of the Ratio of n-6:n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Maternal Diet on Immunoglobulins, Fatty Acid Composition, and Performance of Lactating Sows and Suckling Piglets under Conditions of Low Maternal Energy Intake

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in sow diets on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets at low digestible energy intakes.Twenty-one pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three diets from day 108 of gestation until weaning (26 to 29 d),containing n-6∶n-3 PUFA ratios of 3∶1,8∶1 and 11∶1.The effects on sow and litter production traits and on sow body condition were examined.There were no differences among treatments in daily feed intakes or in changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation.Litter size,litter weight at birth and weaning and litter average daily weight gain were also unaffected by treatment.As expected,large differences were observed in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the colostrum and plasma of sows and piglets (P ＜ 0.01 ).The ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA the diet was positively correlated with those in colostrum,sow plasma and piglet plasma ( R2 =0.55,0.80 and 0.80,respectively).Sow plasma insulin and IGF-I levels at weaning were unaffected by the treatments.Plasma leptin ( P ＜ 0.05) concentrations were increased in sows fed the diet with a n-6∶ n-3 ratio of 8∶1.Immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum were not altered by dietary treatment.Plasma IgG concentrations at d 14 were highest in piglets from sows fed the 8∶1 ratio of n-6∶n-3.Furthermore,this group had the highest IgA concentrations at day 21 of lactation compared with the other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In summary,our study demonstrated that at low digestible energy levels,altering the ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA in the diets for lactating sows affected immune components and the fatty acid composition of lactating sows and their piglets.Further studies are needed to examine whether higher levels of fat supplementation than those used in the present study ( 1.5％ ) can successfully enhance performance.     

Effects of different gestation housing types on reproductive performance of sows

This study evaluated the effects of different gestation housing types on reproductive performance of sows. A total of 60 sows (218 ± 24 kg body weight) with mixed parity were used. During gestation, 28 sows were housed in groups with electronic sow feeders (space allowance = 1.26 m²/sow) and 32 sows were housed in individual stalls (space allowance = 1.20 m²/sow). Sows from both housing types were moved to farrowing crates on day 109 of gestation and stayed until weaning (18 days post‐farrowing). Typical corn‐soybean meal diets were provided to sows during gestation and lactation. Measurements were reproductive performance of sows at farrowing as well as performance of sows and their litter during lactation. Similar total numbers of piglets born at farrowing were observed for sows gestated in both housing types. However, group‐housed gestation sows had more mummies (0.321 vs. 0.064; P < 0.05) and stillbirths (0.893 vs. 0.469; P = 0.073) at farrowing than individual‐housed gestation sows. Consequently, individual‐housing type had higher percentage of piglets born alive (95.5 vs. 90.4%; P < 0.05) than the group‐housing type. Therefore, improved reproductive performance of sows from individual gestating housing was confirmed in this study.     

饲粮添加辣诺提取物对经产母猪及其仔猪生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究辣诺提取物(辣木和诺丽果提取物)对经产母猪繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响。选取60头2～4胎长白×大白母猪,随机分为2个处理,每个处理30个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂添加500 mg/kg辣诺提取物的基础饲粮。试验期28 d(产前7 d～哺乳21 d断奶)。结果表明:辣诺提取物对母猪产程和断奶后7 d发情率无显著影响;辣诺提取物对哺乳仔猪生长性能无显著影响。综上所述,产前1周的经产母猪饲粮中添加辣诺提取物未能改善母仔猪的生产性能,但在一定程度上缩短了母猪产程,促进了母猪断奶后发情。     

补饲发酵芦笋下脚料对母猪粪便形态和乳汁质量的影响

本研究旨在探讨给妊娠后期和哺乳期母猪补饲发酵芦笋下脚料对母猪粪便形态和乳汁质量的影响。将15头膘情、胎次和预产期相近的妊娠母猪随机分配到Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头猪。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组母猪每头每天分别补饲0、0.25和0.50 kg发酵芦笋下脚料。试验从母猪妊娠期的第85天开始到产后第21天结束。结果表明:1)给母猪补饲发酵芦笋下脚料能改善母猪的粪便形态。2)Ⅲ组母猪初乳中乳蛋白质、生长激素、胰岛素和免疫球蛋白G水平显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),肿瘤坏死因子-α水平显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。3)Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组母猪第10天乳汁中总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),而第21天乳汁中总超氧化物歧化酶活性则极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01);Ⅲ组母猪第21天乳汁中丙二醛、白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平分别显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)。由此得出,补饲发酵芦笋下脚料能减少妊娠后期和哺乳期母猪便秘的发生,并不同程度地改善母猪乳汁质量。