母猪补饲发酵芦笋下脚料对母猪和哺乳仔猪血清抗氧化能力、免疫功能和炎性因子含量的影响

本试验旨在研究给妊娠后期和哺乳期母猪补饲发酵芦笋下脚料对母猪和哺乳仔猪血清抗氧化能力、免疫功能和炎性因子含量的影响。选择15头膘情、胎次和预产期相近的妊娠母猪,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头猪。A(对照)、B和C组母猪每头每天分别补饲0、0.25和0.50 kg发酵芦笋下脚料。试验从母猪妊娠期的第85天开始至产后第21天结束。在母猪分娩和仔猪断奶时采集母猪耳静脉血液,在仔猪10和21日龄时采集仔猪前腔静脉血液,分别测定血清指标。结果表明:1)C组母猪在仔猪断奶时血清超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性极显著高于对照组(P0.01),在母猪分娩和仔猪断奶时血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。B组哺乳仔猪10日龄时血清T-SOD活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清MDA含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)C组母猪在母猪分娩时血清生长激素(GH)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)C组母猪在母猪分娩时血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)B和C组母猪血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量在母猪分娩和仔猪断奶时均极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。C组母猪在仔猪断奶时血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。C组哺乳仔猪10日龄时血清TNF-α含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。综上,每头母猪每天补饲0.50 kg发酵芦笋下脚料可增强其抗氧化能力和免疫功能,提高GH含量,减少炎性反应,同时可提高仔猪的抗氧化能力,减少炎性反应的发生。     

猪胎盘粉对哺乳母猪繁殖性能、血清免疫和生殖激素指标及乳成分影响

本试验旨在研究猪胎盘粉对哺乳母猪繁殖性能、血清免疫和生殖激素指标及乳成分的影响。选取36头预产期、体重、胎次相近的经产大×长二元母猪,随机分为4个组,每组9个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%、3%、5%的猪胎盘粉。试验于妊娠104 d开始,至产后21 d结束。结果表明:1)试验Ⅲ组泌乳力、仔猪断奶个体均重和仔猪断奶窝重均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组仔猪平均日增重显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),试验Ⅲ组母猪体重损失显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)母猪分娩后第3天,试验Ⅱ组血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著或极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组(P0.05或P0.01),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量极显著高于对照组、试验Ⅲ组(P0.01),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清催乳素(PRL)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。母猪分娩后第15天,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清IgA含量显著或极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P0.05或P0.01),试验Ⅱ组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著或极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P0.05或P0.01);试验Ⅰ组血清IgM含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清PRL含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。3)试验Ⅲ组乳脂率显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组乳糖率显著或极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P0.05或P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮中添加猪胎盘粉能改善哺乳母猪繁殖性能、血清免疫和生殖激素指标及乳品质。在本试验条件下,猪胎盘粉的适宜添加量为3%。     

饲粮添加益生菌和合生元对妊娠-哺乳期母猪免疫功能与抗氧化能力的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加益生菌和合生元对妊娠-哺乳期母猪免疫功能与抗氧化能力的影响。选用64头妊娠巴马香猪,随机分为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、抗生素组(在基础饲粮中添加50 g/t维吉尼亚霉素)、益生菌组[在基础饲粮中添加200 mL/(头·d)益生菌发酵液]和合生元组[在基础饲粮中添加200 mL/(头·d)上述益生菌发酵液和500 g/t低聚木糖],每组16头,单栏饲喂。分别于妊娠第45、75和105天以及分娩后第7和21天,每组选取6头母猪,前腔静脉采血,离心分离血浆,测定免疫球蛋白、免疫细胞因子含量和氧化-抗氧化指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮添加益生菌显著降低了哺乳第7天免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量(P<0.05);饲粮添加合生元显著降低了妊娠第45和75天以及哺乳第7天免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量(P<0.05);饲粮添加抗生素显著降低了妊娠第45、75和105天以及哺乳第7天IgM含量(P<0.05);饲粮添加益生菌和合生元显著提高了哺乳第21天IgM含量(P<0.05)。2)饲粮添加益生菌显著降低了妊娠第105天干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量以及哺乳第7天白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、IFN-γ和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量(P<0.05),显著提高了哺乳第7天白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量(P<0.05);饲粮添加合生元显著降低了妊娠第45天促炎细胞因子[(IL-2、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、IFN-γ和TNF-α]含量,妊娠第75天IFN-γ和TNF-α含量,妊娠第105天IL-10、IFN-γ和TNF-α含量,哺乳第7天促炎细胞因子(IL-2、IL-8、IFN-γ和TNF-α)含量以及哺乳第21天IL-8含量(P<0.05);饲粮添加抗生素显著降低了各时间点IL-8含量,妊娠第45和75天及哺乳第7和21天IFN-γ含量以及妊娠第45、75和105天TNF-α含量(P<0.05)。3)饲粮添加益生菌和合生元显著提高了哺乳第7和21天过氧化氢(H2O2)含量,以及哺乳第21天还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加益生菌和合生元可降低妊娠-哺乳期母猪血浆促炎细胞因子含量,增强妊娠至哺乳阶段母猪体液免疫功能,改善哺乳后期母猪抗氧化能力,这有利于母猪的机体健康。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对围产期母猪粪便微生物及其代谢产物的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对围产期母猪粪便微生物及其代谢产物的影响。试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近、妊娠第85天的健康大白猪40头,随机分为2个组,每组20头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加250 g/t的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。从母猪妊娠第85天开始饲喂至产后第21天结束。分别于母猪妊娠第100和112天以及产后第7、14和21天每组采集8头母猪的新鲜粪便样品,测定其粪便中微生物数量、短链脂肪酸(SCFA)和生物胺含量。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌显著增加产后第7天母猪粪便中乳酸杆菌数量、乳酸杆菌/大肠杆菌和产后第21天粪便中厚壁菌数量(P0.05)。2)饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌显著增加妊娠第100天母猪粪便中乙酸、异丁酸、支链脂肪酸和总SCFA含量(P0.05),产后第7天粪便中戊酸、直链脂肪酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、支链脂肪酸和总SCFA含量(P0.05),产后第21天粪便中丙酸、丁酸和直链脂肪酸含量(P0.05);显著降低产后第14天粪便中异戊酸含量(P0.05)。3)饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌显著增加妊娠第100天母猪粪便中尸胺含量(P0.05),妊娠第112天粪便中亚精胺和精胺含量(P0.05),产后第14天粪便中尸胺、酪胺、亚精胺和精胺含量(P0.05)。综上所述,围产期母猪饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可增加肠道中有益菌数量、部分生物胺和SCFA含量,对改善母猪的肠道健康和营养状况具有有益作用。     

妊娠-哺乳期饲粮添加甜菜碱盐酸盐对母猪粪便菌群组成及代谢产物含量的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠-哺乳期饲粮添加甜菜碱盐酸盐对母猪粪便菌群组成及代谢产物含量的影响。选用3～7胎次妊娠巴马香猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头,单栏饲养。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加3.5 kg/t的甜菜碱盐酸盐。试验期为母猪配种后第3天至分娩后第21天。分别在妊娠第105天和哺乳第21天,取母猪新鲜粪便样品用于微生物16S rDNA测序以及短链脂肪酸、生物胺、吲哚和粪臭素含量测定。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加甜菜碱盐酸盐显著增加了妊娠第105天母猪粪便迷踪菌门(Elusimicrobia)和粪芽孢菌属(Coprobacillus)相对丰度以及尸胺含量(P0.05),哺乳第21天母猪粪便微生物Chao1和ACE指数和猪粪厌氧原体属(Anaeroplasma)相对丰度以及腐胺、亚精胺含量(P0.05)。皮尔曼相关性分析发现,粪便厌氧原体属相对丰度与亚精胺含量呈正相关(P0.05),与异戊酸和异丁酸含量呈负相关(P0.05)。KEGG通路分析发现,与对照组相比,饲粮添加甜菜碱盐酸盐上调了妊娠第105天核苷酸代谢、聚糖生物合成与代谢、酶家族通路,上调了哺乳第21天异生素生物降解与代谢、萜类与多酮类代谢、脂代谢和其他氨基酸代谢通路。由此可见,饲粮添加甜菜碱盐酸盐可改变妊娠-哺乳母猪肠道菌群组成及代谢产物含量,进而改善机体代谢。     

妊娠后期饲粮中添加乳酸菌与酵母菌的复合菌对母猪繁殖性能、血浆脂质代谢和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期饲粮中添加乳酸菌与酵母菌的复合菌对母猪繁殖性能、血浆脂质代谢和抗氧化能力的影响,确定妊娠后期母猪饲粮中复合菌的最适添加量。选取体况相近、妊娠第80天的3胎"大×长"杂交母猪48头,随机分为4组,每组12个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组饲粮分别在基础饲粮中添加150、300和450 mL/d的乳酸菌与酵母菌的复合菌发酵液。预试期5 d,正试期37 d。正式试验从妊娠第85天开始,产后第7天结束,其中产后7 d内饲粮中不添加复合菌发酵液。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)Ⅱ组的仔猪初生窝重显著增加(P0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的仔猪初生重显著增加(P0.05)。2)Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分娩母猪的血浆总胆固醇(TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著增加(P0.05),Ⅱ组的血浆甘油三酯(TG)含量显著增加(P0.05)。3)Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组分娩母猪的血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P0.05)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,从繁殖性能和血浆脂质代谢来看,复合菌发酵液的最适添加量为300 mL/d;从血浆抗氧化能力和经济效益来看,复合菌发酵液的最适添加量为150 mL/d。     

甜菜碱添加方式对初产母猪繁殖性能、血清生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ含量的影响

本试验旨在研究甜菜碱添加方式对初产母猪繁殖性能及血清生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)含量的影响。选取120头体重接近的纯种初产母猪,随机分为3组,每组40头,每个重复1头。从妊娠第3天起至分娩后21d,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,甜菜碱Ⅰ组在基础饲粮中添加1 000mg/kg甜菜碱;甜菜碱Ⅱ组妊娠前109d饲喂基础饲粮,自妊娠第110天至分娩后21d,在基础饲粮中添加2 000mg/kg甜菜碱。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)饲粮添加1 000mg/kg的甜菜碱显著提高了21日龄断奶仔猪数1.73头(P0.05)和断奶窝重22.83%(P0.05),显著或极显著增加了分娩后10和21d血清中GH含量(P0.05或P0.01),极显著增加了妊娠第100天、分娩后10和21d血清中IGF-Ⅰ含量(P0.01)。2)饲粮添加2 000mg/kg的甜菜碱使母猪断奶后7d内断奶-发情间隔显著缩短了1.29d(P0.05),极显著增加了分娩后21d血清GH含量(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮中添加1 000和2 000mg/kg的甜菜碱均能够提高初产母猪的繁殖性能,其中1 000mg/kg的甜菜碱对血清中GH和IGF-Ⅰ含量的影响更大。     

低聚壳聚糖对母猪繁殖性能、泌乳性能和血浆生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对母猪繁殖性能、泌乳性能和血浆生化指标的影响。选择24头胎次、体重和预产期相近的健康大白猪母猪,随机分为3个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加50和100 g/t的低聚壳聚糖。试验从母猪妊娠第85天时开始,至分娩后第21天时结束。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖可显著增加母猪的健仔数和哺乳期平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低母猪的产程(P0.05),且在一定程度上可改善母猪的便秘和降低母猪的背膘厚损失;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组仔猪的初生窝重显著增加(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组母猪的哺乳期泌乳量显著增加(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组母猪初乳中乳脂肪含量显著增加(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组初乳中尿素氮(UN)含量和常乳中精氨酸、总氨基酸、限制性氨基酸含量显著增加(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组母猪的血浆谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),各组的血浆碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、UN、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加低聚壳聚糖对母猪的繁殖性能和泌乳性能均有一定的促进作用。综合本研究结果,50 g/t低聚壳聚糖为母猪饲粮中的最佳添加剂量。     

硫酸钠和硫酸镁对哺乳母猪生产性能、粪便评分及仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在探讨哺乳母猪饲粮中添加硫酸钠(Na2SO4)与硫酸镁(MgSO4)对哺乳母猪生产性能、粪便评分、血清生理生化指标及仔猪生长性能的影响。试验采用2×2析因设计,选用体重为(164.50±4.50)kg、健康和预产期相近的第2胎大白妊娠母猪30头,随机分成5组(每组6个重复,每个重复1头母猪):基础饲粮组(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.2%Na2SO4+0.1%MgSO4组(Ⅰ组)、基础饲粮+0.2%Na2SO4+0.2%MgSO4组(Ⅱ组)、基础饲粮+0.4%Na2SO4+0.1%MgSO4组(Ⅲ组)和基础饲粮+0.4%Na2SO4+0.2%MgSO4组(Ⅳ组)。试验从妊娠母猪分娩开始到仔猪21日龄断奶结束。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)Ⅲ组显著提高了21d总泌乳量(P0.05);2)Ⅲ组显著提高了仔猪断奶窝重和平均日增重(P0.05);3)Ⅲ组极显著改善了全期哺乳母猪粪便评分(P0.01);4)Ⅲ组显著提高了哺乳母猪血清催乳素含量,显著降低尿素氮含量(P0.05)。由此可见,在哺乳母猪饲粮中添加适量的Na2SO4与MgSO4可以提高哺乳母猪泌乳量,对改善粪便评分有良好效果,同时对仔猪的生长性能有促进作用。     

发酵型生乳散对母猪生产性能及仔猪生长性能的影响

为研究发酵型生乳散对母猪及仔猪生产性能的影响,采用单因子试验法,选体况相近、妊娠95 d的母猪120头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,分别为空白对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂基础日粮的同时,分别投喂生乳散(10 g/头/d)、发酵型生乳散(10 g/头/d)、乳酸菌(10 mL/头/d),自母猪妊娠第95天开始投喂,至产后21 d结束。试验期间统计母猪生产性能及仔猪生长性能的指标,并测定仔猪20日龄时血清抗氧化指标。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组平均窝活仔数、窝断奶仔猪数及仔猪平均断奶重均显著提高(P0.05),妊娠后期便秘率及哺乳仔猪腹泻率大幅降低,其中又以Ⅱ组的各项指标最优(P0.05);(2)Ⅱ组母猪断奶7 d内发情率和情期受胎率均为100%,优于其他试验组;(3)Ⅱ组仔猪总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷光甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-P_X)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)均显著高于其他试验组,丙二醇(MDA)显著低于其他试验组(P0.05)。综上所述,发酵型生乳散能显著提高母猪和仔猪的生产性能与健康状况,增强仔猪血清抗氧化能力,其整体作用效果优于未发酵生乳散和乳酸菌。     

泌乳母猪饲粮适宜赖氨酸水平的初步研究

将30头大长北经产母猪随机分为3组，产后饲喂0．60％（I组），0．80％（II组），1．00％（III组）3种赖氨酸水平的泌乳期饲粮，研究饲粮赖氨酸水平对泌乳母猪生产性能及血液，奶生化指标的影响，结果表明，增加饲粮赖氨酸浓度对哺乳21天的母猪体重，采食量，断奶至再发情天数（P＞0．10）和21日龄的平均窝仔数，仔猪腹泻率无显著影响（P＜0．05），21日龄仔猪窝重随着饲粮赖氨酸浓度的增加而显著增加（P＜0．06），初生至7日龄（P＜0．06），14日龄（P＜0．03）和21日龄（P＜0．01），的窝增重均随饲粮赖氨酸浓度增加而增加，产后14天猪乳蛋白II组，III组极显著（P＜0．01）高于I组；固形物含量II组显著（P＜0．05）高于I组，产后21天猪乳固形物含量II组显著（P＜0．05）高于I组，泌乳期母猪血清尿素氮[浓度I组显著（P＜0．05，泌乳14天），极显著（P＜0．01，泌乳21天）高于II组，III组；白蛋白浓度II组显著（P＜0．05），高于I组，从本次试验的结果看出，在生产条件下，大长北母猪泌乳期饲粮赖，氨酸水平以0．80－1．00％为宜。     

Effects of the Ratio of n-6:n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Maternal Diet on Immunoglobulins, Fatty Acid Composition, and Performance of Lactating Sows and Suckling Piglets under Conditions of Low Maternal Energy Intake

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in sow diets on the performance of lactating sows and their piglets at low digestible energy intakes.Twenty-one pregnant Landrace sows were assigned to one of three diets from day 108 of gestation until weaning (26 to 29 d),containing n-6∶n-3 PUFA ratios of 3∶1,8∶1 and 11∶1.The effects on sow and litter production traits and on sow body condition were examined.There were no differences among treatments in daily feed intakes or in changes in sow weight and back-fat levels during lactation.Litter size,litter weight at birth and weaning and litter average daily weight gain were also unaffected by treatment.As expected,large differences were observed in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the colostrum and plasma of sows and piglets (P ＜ 0.01 ).The ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA the diet was positively correlated with those in colostrum,sow plasma and piglet plasma ( R2 =0.55,0.80 and 0.80,respectively).Sow plasma insulin and IGF-I levels at weaning were unaffected by the treatments.Plasma leptin ( P ＜ 0.05) concentrations were increased in sows fed the diet with a n-6∶ n-3 ratio of 8∶1.Immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum were not altered by dietary treatment.Plasma IgG concentrations at d 14 were highest in piglets from sows fed the 8∶1 ratio of n-6∶n-3.Furthermore,this group had the highest IgA concentrations at day 21 of lactation compared with the other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In summary,our study demonstrated that at low digestible energy levels,altering the ratio of n-6∶n-3 PUFA in the diets for lactating sows affected immune components and the fatty acid composition of lactating sows and their piglets.Further studies are needed to examine whether higher levels of fat supplementation than those used in the present study ( 1.5％ ) can successfully enhance performance.     

二花脸猪乳中生长因子的动态分析及其与大约克猪的比较

通过 2个系列实验 ,分析了二花脸猪乳中生长因子 (IGF Ⅰ、EGF和胰岛素 )在泌乳早期 (1～ 2 1d)的含量及其变化规律 ,并与大约克猪进行了比较研究。结果表明 ,二花脸和大约克猪乳中IGF Ⅰ在初乳中浓度很高 ,分娩 1周后迅速下降 ,泌乳第 7～ 2 1天变化不大。在泌乳第 1～ 7天 ,二花脸猪乳中IGF Ⅰ低于大约克猪 ,泌乳第 7天以后又高于大约克 ,但 2种猪的差别不显著 (P >0 0 5)。猪乳中的EGF变化规律基本上和IGF Ⅰ相同。在泌乳第 1天 ,二花脸猪乳中的EGF显著低于大约克猪 (P <0 0 5) ,第 1天以后 2种猪没有明显差异。二花脸和大约克猪乳中的胰岛素在初乳很高 ,产后 4d迅速下降 ,4d以后变化幅度不大。二花脸猪乳中的胰岛素在泌乳早期 (1～ 2 1d)全都低于大约克猪 ,其中在泌乳第 1天、第 6～ 7天、第 8～10天和第 11～ 14天这 4个阶段显著低于大约克猪 (P <0 0 5)。     

Lactational variation and relationship to postnatal growth of insulin-like growth factor-I in mammary secretions from genetically diverse sows

Mammary secretions obtained from four groups of sows at parturition and on days 7, 14 and 21 of lactation were defatted and assayed for total protein and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Sows (n = 57) represented two breeds (Landrace and Duroc) and two genetic lines (selected for differences in sow productivity index, SPI) within each breed. Colostrum of Duroc sows was 4-6 fold and 30-60 fold greater in protein (P less than .001) and IGF-I (P less than .001) concentrations, respectively, than the corresponding day 7 milk from these sows. In contrast, the colostrum of Landrace sows was 2-3 fold and 30-50 fold greater in protein (P less than .001) and IGF-I (P less than .001) concentrations, respectively, than the corresponding day 7 milk. The IGF-I content in milk from Duroc sows did not differ among days 7, 14 and 21 of lactation, whereas the IGF-I content of day 7 milk from Landrace sows exceeded those for the corresponding 14 day and 21 day secretion (P less than .05). IGF-I concentration in days 14 and 21 milk was higher in Duroc (P less than .001 respectively) than Landrace sows. No significant differences in total protein or IGF-I content of mammary secretions were observed between the selected and control lines within each breed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Nucleotides in sow colostrum and milk at different stages of lactation

An experiment was conducted with the objective of measuring the concentrations of total milk solids (TMS), CP, and 5'monophosphate nucleotides in sow colostrum and milk. Twelve multiparous sows (Landrace x Yorkshire x Duroc) were used. Litter size was standardized at 11 piglets for all sows at farrowing. Sows were fed an 18.45% CP corn-soybean meal-based diet throughout lactation. The experimental period was the initial 28 d of lactation, with colostrum collected within 12 h of farrowing and milk collected on d 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Colostrum and milk samples were analyzed for TMS, CP, adenosine 5'monophosphate (5'AMP), cytidine 5'monophosphate (5'CMP), guanosine 5'monophosphate (5'GMP), inosine 5'monophosphate (5'IMP), and uridine 5'monophosphate (5'UMP). Total milk solids decreased (P < 0.05) from 26.7% on d 0 to 23.1% on d 3. The TMS further decreased (P < 0.05) to 19.3% on d 7, but remained relatively constant thereafter at 18.2, 18.8, and 19.2% on d 14, 21, and 28, respectively. The concentration of CP decreased from 16.6% in colostrum to 7.7, 6.2, 5.5, 5.7, and 6.3% in milk collected on d 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively (linear and quadratic effect; P < 0.05). Concentrations of 5'AMP, 5'CMP, 5'GMP, and 5'IMP increased from d 0 to d 3 and d 7, and then decreased during the remaining lactation period (quadratic effect; P < 0.05). The concentration of 5'UMP decreased from d 0 to 28 of lactation (linear and quadratic effects; P < 0.05). In colostrum, 5'UMP represented 98% of all 5'monophosphate nucleotides, and in milk, 5'UMP accounted for 86 to 90% of all nucleotides, regardless of day of lactation. The results of this experiment suggest that the concentrations of TMS and CP in sow mammary secretions changed during the first week of lactation, but were constant thereafter. Likewise, the concentrations of 5'monophosphate nucleotides changed during the initial week postpartum, but during the last 2 wk of a 4-wk lactation period, the concentrations were constant.     

The Effects of Compound Probiotics Supplementation on Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Capacity of Yili Mare during Lactation

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound probiotics supplementation on blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of Yili mare during lactation.A total of 24 Yili mare during lactation were divided into four groups with similar age,parity,lactation months,i.e.groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and control group.The control group and trial groups fed with the same based diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ were supplemented with 0.05 g of Bacillus subtilis (2.0×10¹¹ CFU/g) and 0.133 g of plant Lactobacillus (3.0× 10¹⁰ CFU/g),0.10 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.266 g of plant Lactobacillus,0.15 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.399 g of plant Lactobacillus, respectively.The results showed as follows:Compared with control group,total protein,albumin,blood urea nitrogen contents and GSH-Px,SOD activities of blood in trail groups were no significant differences (P >0.05);But supplementary feeding compound probiotics total protein,albumin contents and SOD activity of blood in trail groups had a upward trend.GLB content of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than the control group and groupⅠ(P <0.05);CAT activity of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than control group and group Ⅲ (P <0.05);T-AOC activity of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than groupsⅠand Ⅲ (P <0.05);No significant difference was observed among other groups (P >0.05).Therefore,supplementary feeding plant Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis complexes had enhanced immune function,improved the nitrogen deposition and the body's antioxidant capacity of Yili mare during lactation,when supplementary feeding 0.10 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.266 g of plant Lactobacillus complexs was more obvious effect.     

妊娠后期补充β-胡萝卜素对母猪乳成分和肠道菌群的影响

试验旨在探究妊娠后期饲粮中添加β-胡萝卜素对母猪初乳、常乳成分及肠道菌群的影响,并揭示肠道菌群与乳成分之间的相关性。选取胎次相近的妊娠后期二元杂交母猪48头,随机分为3组,每组16个重复,分别饲喂添加0、30和90 mg/kg β-胡萝卜素的饲粮,试验从妊娠第90天开始到分娩后第14天结束。分娩当天采集母猪初乳和粪便样品,哺乳第14天采集母猪常乳样品。对初乳中免疫球蛋白（Ig）水平以及常乳中乳成分进行测定,粪便样品通过16S rRNA测序技术进行分析。结果显示：与对照组相比,饲粮添加β-胡萝卜素有提高母猪初乳中IgM的趋势（P=0.173）,降低IgG的趋势（P=0.155）;添加30 mg/kg β-胡萝卜素显著提高了常乳中乳蛋白和尿素氮含量（P<0.05）,同时降低了乳糖含量（P<0.05）,而添加90 mg/kg β-胡萝卜素降低了常乳中总固体含量（P<0.05）。对粪便菌群进行分析发现,β-胡萝卜素上调了Eubacterium brachy group、Ruminococcaceae UCG009、Ruminococcaceae UCG014等菌群的丰度,下调了Candidatus Soleaferrea、Coprococcus 3、Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group等菌群的丰度。相关性分析表明,Coprococcus 3与初乳中IgM水平呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,Fibrobacter与初乳中IgG、IgM水平呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;Lachnospiraceae NK4B4与常乳中乳蛋白和总固体含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;Ruminococcaceae UCG009与初乳中IgG水平呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,β-胡萝卜素可通过调节肠道菌群影响母猪初乳及常乳的成分组成。     

日粮硒对小鼠肾脏硒沉积及抗氧化酶基因表达的影响

This study was to explore the effect of dietary selenium on selenium deposition and antioxidant enzymes gene expression in mouse kidney. Four groups （Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ）of mice were fed eight weeks with 0.045,0.1,0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg Se, respectively. The results showed that the levels of kidney selenium deposition increased with the increasing of dietary selenium, groupⅠ was significantly lower than other groups （P＜0.05）. Kidney selenium deposition among Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ groups showed no significant differences when fed to the 56th day （P＞0.05）. The TrxR2 mRNA expression of groupⅠwas significantly lower than that of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ （P<0.05）, and the two groups also showed significant differences（P＜0.05）. The SOD1 and SOD2 mRNA expression levels of groupⅠwere significantly lower than that of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ （P＜0.05）. SOD2 expression showed significantly different between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ（P＜0.05）, while SOD1 expression showed no significant differences between the two groups. The CAT mRNA expression levels of groupsⅠ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ （P＜0.05）, there were no significant differences between groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ （P>0.05）. These results indicated that selenium could increase the level of kidney selenium deposition. With the feeding time increased, kidney selenium deposition in high-selenium group showed saturated. Se deficient and excessive could reduce the mRNA expression levels of kidney antioxidant genes (TrxR2, SOD1, SOD2 and CAT).