百合引种栽培试验

宝鸡植物园于1987～1990年进行了11种百合的引种试验,详细观察了不同百合的生长发育规律和物候期,并进行了不同繁殖方法的试验。结果表明,以埋百合鳞片繁殖的苗木生长最好。同时,筛选出适合宝鸡地区推广的兰州百合、麝香百合和卷丹。     

岷江上游干旱河谷野生百合资源分布与繁殖力比较

四川百合资源丰富,种质资源的采集是百合保护利用的基础。针对岷江上游干旱河谷区进行了野生百合资源调查,并相继展开百合种质资源收集、保存及人工繁育等方面研究。该区内共发现岷江百合(Lilium regale Wilson)、川百合(Lilium davidii Duchartre)和宝兴百合(Lilium duchartrei Franch.)3种百合。其中岷江百合多生长于山坡灌丛下、向阳草坡或沟边、崖壁及岩石缝隙中,伴生植物多以豆科和蔷薇科居多;而川百合和宝兴百合多生长于林缘及高山灌丛、草丛间,伴生植物以蔷薇科、菊科植物居多。本文收集了3种百合的鳞茎和种子等种质资源,同时采取迁地保存鳞茎和低温保存种子的方式进行种质资源保存,并随之展开百合人工栽培繁殖试验,结果显示,百合最优的繁殖方式是鳞茎繁殖,其次是种子繁殖,再次是珠芽繁殖。     

百合种球的采挖与贮藏

百合(Lilium spp)为百合科(Liliaceae)百合属的鳞茎植物,产北温带及寒带,约有100种,原产我国的有30种以上。在生产上,繁殖方法主要以增殖子球繁殖为主,为使百合能周年供应市场,只有进行种球贮藏,这样才能分批栽种,实现百合切花或盆花的周年供应。     

每月一花 百合

百合属百合科,百合属。百合是一种多年生球根植物,全世界共有一百余种,我国原产的也有40多种。百合在我国分布极广,栽培历史悠久,南至云、贵、川,北至长白山,到处可见它的踪迹。百合花朵大,花形美,色清丽,是世界上的名贵花卉之一,它适于栽植在庭院之中。它的切花是制作花篮、花束、插花的上等材料。有些品种的百合鳞茎可供食用,具有润肺止咳、清心安神的药用价值。常见的百合类植物有卷丹、麝香百合、王百合和山丹等品种,它们的习性和繁殖、栽培方法如下:卷丹　又名虎皮百合,倒垂莲。茎高150ｃｍ,褐色或带紫色。单叶互生,叶腋处着生黑紫色球…     

不同基质对卷丹百合鳞片扦插繁殖效应的研究

为降低生产成本和增加食用百合鳞片繁殖效应,在已有研究的基础上,选用市场较易获得的6种不同配比基质,并对栽培在6种基质中鳞片繁殖效应进行了详细观察和统计分析;为更准确评价不同基质对卷丹百合鳞片扦插繁殖效应,在采用DPS数据处理软件进行分析的同时,利用灰色关联度分析法进行综合评价。结果表明：卷丹百合鳞片扦插繁殖以采用泥炭＋沙或泥炭＋蛭石两种混合基质较好,增殖的小鳞茎数及其球径等综合性状良好。     

“百合种质资源收集、保存、分析与快速繁殖技术”通过成果鉴定

2008年1月26日,由南京林业大学施季森教授主持的“百合种质资源收集、保存、分析与快速繁殖技术”研究项目,在南京通过了由江苏省教育厅组织的成果鉴定。该项成果系统开展了百合野生资源的收集、保存、评价研究,共收集了我国野生百合35个种,1 000多份种质资源;具有育种价值的商     

3种百合鳞片扦插技术的研究

以兰州百合、细叶百合、丹东布朗百合为试材,通过正交试验方法,研究了不同百合种类、扦插基质、植物生长调节剂种类及处理时间在百合鳞片扦插过程中,对扦插成活率、平均根数、平均根粗、平均根长、平均繁殖小鳞茎数、小鳞茎平均球径的影响,结果表明:影响百合鳞片扦插成活的主要因素是百合种类,用浓度为100mg/L的GA3处理0.5h,兰州百合鳞片扦插成活率可达90%以上,细叶百合扦插成活率也较高,约为63%,而丹东布朗百合在各试验处理中成活率都很低。     

栽培措施对蓝百合组培苗移栽成活率的影响

指出了组织培养法是目前蓝百合繁殖的主要途径,在进行种苗繁殖时能保持品种的纯度,经过根诱导长出根系后,就可以出瓶移栽;在生产中,蓝百合试管苗的移栽十分重要,也是难度较大的技术环节,试管苗移栽的成活率直接影响到整个育苗生产的成败;试管苗在瓶内处于光照和温度基本恒定、无菌、高湿等相对稳定的环境中,与瓶外环境差异明显,出瓶后要适应瓶外相对恶劣的环境条件。实验对蓝百合试管苗移栽的方法做了对比,以求对试管苗移栽技术进行探索,找出一种比较适合蓝百合试管苗移栽的方法。     

观赏百合组培快繁技术

百合是单子叶植物亚纲百合科百合属多年生草本植物,根据用途分为观赏百合（切花百合）和食用百合（药用百合）。观赏百合由于其花型雅致、色彩鲜艳,在鲜切花市场上颇受欢迎。但是,传统的繁殖方式,如利用小鳞茎、鳞片、珠芽等器官进行的无性繁殖,由于其繁殖系数低、长期繁殖引起病毒积累所导致的品种退化等缺点,对推广造成很大的困难,     

北方地区陆地百合栽培技术

百合鳞球茎能耐-35℃的低温，在北方地区的栽培面积越来越大，通过对百合秋栽和春栽，地块的选择、整理，不同关键时期的栽培管理研究，子球的繁殖，病虫害的防治等，整理出一套北方陆地百合栽培管理技术。     

Central inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract of Crinum giganteum

The aqueous extract of Crinum giganteum given intraperitoneally at doses of 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg in rats prolonged the duration of pentobarbital sleeping time and in mice reduced spontaneous motor activity, decreased the exploratory activity and attenuated amphetamine-induced stereotype behavior. The intraperitoneal and oral preliminary LD(50) in mice were found to be 627 and 1468 mg/kg, respectively. The data obtained suggest that the aqueous extract of C. giganteum contains some biologically active principles with sedative activity.     

昆明地区杉科4个树种引种20年的生长效果研究

通过对昆明地区引入的北美红杉、池杉、墨西哥落羽杉、美国巨杉4个树种在不同生境下的生长情况进行随机抽样调查,结果表明:北美红杉和池杉在昆明适应性较强,长势较好,北美红杉树高年平均生长量达1.31 m,胸径年平均生长量达2.83 cm,可选择适合生境推广。墨西哥落羽杉和美国巨杉适应性较差,生长缓慢,明显低于本地杉木,且美国巨杉于2001年因干旱死亡,不适宜昆明地区推广,需进一步对其引种适应性开展研究。     

大百合鳞茎营养成分分析与评价

按照国家标准的分析方法,对大百合成熟鳞茎的营养成分进行了测定,并与6种常用蔬菜的相应含量进行了比较。结果表明,大百合鳞茎中蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、碳水化合物和维生素C的含量分别为1.59 g/100g、1.25 g/100g、4.0 g/100g、6.76 g/100g、2.7 mg/100g,其中粗纤维、粗脂肪含量明显高于6种常用蔬菜;大百合鳞茎的蛋白质和碳水化合物明显低于百合,但比大白菜和白萝卜的高;大百合鳞茎的维生素C含量低于6种常用蔬菜。每千克鳞茎干物质中矿质元素的含量为:P 222mg,Ca 183 mg,K 2 348 mg,Mg 17.1 mg,Fe 4.2mg,Zn 5.3 mg,Cu 0.34 mg,Mn 4.1 mg,其中Ca、Zn、Mn的含量略高于百合,其他元素含量则低于百合。大百合鳞茎的蛋白质中含有17种氨基酸,包括7种人体必需氨基酸。总氨基酸(TAA)、人体必需氨基酸(EAA)和人体非必需氨基酸(NEAA)的含量分别为50.6 g/kg,17.6 g/kg,30.1 g/kg。其所含的人体必需氨基酸占总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)的34.78%,人体必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NEAA)为58.47%,接近推荐的理想蛋白模式。大百合鳞茎富含粗纤维、矿质元素和氨基酸,其粗纤维含量明显高于粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量,属高纤维且营养全面的野生食用蔬菜,具有很大开发潜力。     

Screening for antioxidant properties of Allium giganteum

The antioxidative properties of bulb, leaf and stalk of Allium giganteum were investigated. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase), quantities of malonyldialdehyde, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and reduced glutathione and also the content of total flavonoids, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, vitamin C and soluble proteins were determined. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the leaves. Furthermore, ESR signal of PBN-OH radical adducts in the presence of leaves phosphate buffer (pH 7) extract was reduced for 74.19%.     

金福菇菌株间品比试验

在相同培养条件下,对金福菇的两个菌株进行了菌丝长速、长势和生物学转化率比较实验。结果表明：2个菌株不仅在菌丝长速方面差异明显,金福菇1号长速较快,且在长势、子实体的色泽、形态和生物学效率方面均优于荆西口蘑。     

J 16: An apex protein associated with juvenility of Sequoiadendron giganteum

Shoot apex proteins from 11 seedlings, two juvenile clones and three mature grafted clones of Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchh. were examined throughout the year by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A membrane-associated protein known as J 16, with an approximate molecular weight of 16 kD, was always detected in juvenile tissue, but was absent in tissue of the mature clones. The J 16 protein was also present in extracts of a mature clone that had been morphologically rejuvenated by micrografting. Protein extracts from the rejuvenated clone, were separated by electrophoresis and assayed for J 16 using an immunoblotting procedure with anti-J 16 serum. This test revealed two bands, J 16 and another protein with a lower molecular weight. The small molecular weight protein was not detected in juvenile clones.     

Nucleotide and nucleic acid status in shoot tips from juvenile and mature clones of Sequoiadendron giganteum during rest and growth phases

Nucleoside triphosphate and nucleic acid contents of shoot tips of juvenile and mature clones of Sequoiadendron giganteum Buchholz were analyzed during rest and growth phases. In both juvenile and mature clones, shoot growth activity was characterized by significant increases in ATP, non-adenylic nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) and RNA levels. During the rest period, both ATP/NTP and RNA/DNA ratios were significantly higher in the juvenile clone than in the mature clone. However, during the growth phase, only the ATP/NTP ratio was higher in the juvenile than in the mature clone. The results suggest that the physiological differences between shoot tips of juvenile and mature tissues during the rest phase tend to decline as active shoot growth commences. This conclusion is consistent with morphological observations and with the varying organogenetic capacities of in vitro cultures of explants removed from stock plants at different times.     

In vitro meristem culture of juvenile and mature Sequoiadendron giganteum

A total of 7000 meristems were used in experiments to investigate the possibility of cloning Sequoiadendron giganteum Buchholz by in vitro meristem culture of juvenile (2-year-old) and mature (100-year-old) ortets. Cultures were initiated on a low-salt medium containing 0.1 mg l(-1) 1-naphthaleneacetic acid to stimulate meristematic activity. Benzylamino purine (0.01-0.5 mg l(-1)) inhibited meristematic activity, whereas gibberellic acid (0.01-0.5 mg l(-1)) had no effect on meristematic development. The mature ortet showed more specific mineral requirements and a lower capacity for cloning than the juvenile ortet. Rooted plants were obtained only from the juvenile clone. There was a marked seasonal effect on meristematic activity, especially for the mature clone, the most active material being obtained during budbreak.     

“辽核1号”实生后代性状变异研究

为了研究实生繁殖对早实核桃优良性状的影响情况,以8年生"辽核1号"实生后代为研究对象,对其物候、生长、开花、结实等方面的性状特点及相关指标进行了观察与测定。结果表明:实生后代个体间的性状差异较大,不能保持母树的优良特性。认为选育良种核桃不能走实生繁殖的道路,应以无性繁殖为主要途径,这样才能保持其优良性状。     

榛子无性繁殖技术研究的现状与趋势

榛子是一种无性繁殖相对困难的树种,目前主要采用压条法进行繁殖,繁殖系数低,这限制了榛子苗的大量生产.为了加快榛子苗木繁殖的速度,综述了有关榛子压条、扦插、嫁接和组织培养等方面研究的现状与趋势,分析了相关研究中存在的问题,并指出了其发展方向.认为如何有效地提高榛子的繁殖系数,是榛子繁殖亟待解决的问题;繁殖速度快的扦插、组织培养等繁殖方法将成为解决榛子繁殖难题的有效途径.