简介一种核桃高效嫁接技术

核桃是我国重要的经济树种。过去，人们多采用实生繁殖技术发展核桃生产。采用这一技术，有许多弊端：核桃树的后代分离变异较大，结果晚，产量低，质量差。只有通过嫁接繁殖，核桃树才能很好地保持母本的优良性状，提高产量和品质，提早结果，实现良种化生产和集约化经营，更好、更快地取得经济效益。     

新疆良种核桃优质壮苗的选择

核桃树雌雄同株,具雌、雄花异熟的特性,所以每一个核桃果实均为天然杂种,因而实生苗木分离明显,多数植株不能保持原来品种的优良性状;少数品种也会超过原来的优良性状。这些少数实生植株,是选择新疆良种核桃的基础。为此,我们在引种试验中,进行了优质壮苗的选择,并经过15年的观察对比试     

核桃栽培应尽快实现良种化品种化

核桃栽培,在我国已有两千多年的历史。自古以来,除少数地区外,都是采用实生繁殖。它虽然是雌雄同株,但大部分花期不遇(表1)。据观察,同一植株的雌雄花期,有前后相隔两周的,因而,核桃大部分植株均系异花授粉。实生繁殖的后代分离,单株差异很大,类型复杂,不能保持母树的优良特性,造成了核桃产量低、品质劣、进入结果期晚的现状。针对实生栽培存在的问题,我们就应该像栽培苹果那样,走无性繁殖的道路。苹果的今天,就应该是核桃的明天;苹果所走的道路,就是核桃应该走的道路。否则,想提     

雪岭云杉扦插成活影响因素分析

林木繁殖，通常采用播种、嫁接、扦插等技术方法。播种繁殖因其遗传基因杂合程度高，实生后代性状分离严重，不易保持原有的优良特性；嫁接繁殖比较麻烦、费工费时、季节性强、繁殖系数较低；而扦插繁殖则既可以保持原有优良遗传性状的稳定，后代个体表现均一，又可以在较短的时间内繁殖出较大数量的苗木，操作简便，宜繁期长，是其他繁殖方法不可替代的好方法之一，在生产上广泛应用。     

核桃株选标准的调查研究

核桃是重要的木本油料和优良的干果。近几年来,由于生产的发展,品种问题已经提上了议事日程,良种已逐步为人们所重视、所认识。各地都不同程度地开展了选种工作,初步选出了一批品种(类型)或单株。我省各核桃主产县,也陆续进行了株选,初步选出第一批20个优良单株。核桃是雌雄异花同株,风媒花,由于天然杂交的结果,种子繁殖的后代发生着广泛的实生变异。过去的所谓核桃“品种”,实际上是一个遗传性极其多样而部分性状较接近的复杂群体.用这些“品种”的天然杂交种子繁殖的后代必然更为多样,这就是核桃     

普通油茶实生繁殖性状遗传变异的研究

油茶,是一种重要的木本油料树种。在生产中,多采用种子繁殖,有的地方较为重视选种工作,选择油茶优良单株作采种母树。但是,其实生繁殖后代是否能保持母本的优良特性,是一个值得研究的问题。为了摸索油茶实生繁殖性状遗传变异的规律,我们遵照毛主席“真理的标准只能是社会的实践”的教导。我站从1971年起开展了对油茶实生繁殖性状的研究工作。现将工作进展情况,小结如下:自然概况与工作方法广南位于我省东南部,东经105°21′,     

核桃实生苗培育及方块芽接技术要点

核桃是我国重要的木本油料树种,因实生苗木变异大,生产上多采用实生苗嫁接的方法来保持其优良性状,应用最多的为方块芽接.     

漾濞泡核桃的实生变异情况调查

漾濞泡核桃是全国有名的优良品种,历来被各地引种。但由于长期进行嫁接繁殖对其实生后代的变异情况不清楚。产区群众有泡核桃不嫁接会变成夹绵核桃,夹绵核桃不嫁接会变成铁核桃之说,但无实生植株作证。国内外的核桃育种研究和我省核桃实生     

银杏扦插繁殖技术

指出了银杏苗木通过种子繁殖,其后代的观赏性状会发生分离,不能保持原有的种性,通过扦插保持母树优良特性,使苗木提前开花,探讨了结实晚、结实困难或不结实的优良品种的繁殖问题,提出了银杏扦插方法。     

银杏扦插繁殖技术

指出了银杏苗木通过种子繁殖,其后代的观赏性状会发生分离,不能保持原有的种性,通过扦插保持母树优良特性,使苗木提前开花,探讨了结实晚、结实困难或不结实的优良品种的繁殖问题,提出了银杏扦插方法.     

东北红豆杉有性繁殖播种育苗

东北红豆杉,又名紫杉,是第三纪孑遗的珍贵树种。红豆杉资源的保存和种苗的快速繁育,是解决紫杉醇用材林的基础,大面积营造红豆杉人工林是解决紫杉醇原料的关键。用红豆杉种子繁殖苗木时,要注意种子的储存方式,要沙种混藏或控温处理,这对越冬后出芽和打破休眠习性,具有很好的效果。播种前要搓伤种皮、温水浸种、药剂素处理。     

KEY MEASURES FOR ESTABLISHING THE FAST-GROWING AND HIGH-YIELD LARCH PLANTATIONS

Larchisoneofthemainspeciesforfast-growingandhigh-yieldplantationsinNortheastChina,especialIyLarixolgensisHerry-ItsmeanannualincrementcanevenreachlO.l-lO.6m3/hm2intheear1y3OyearsinrelativecoldYichunRegion.P1ant-ingfast-growingandhigh-yieldplanta-honsrequirehighqua1itysite.Buttherearetoolittlehighqualitysitetosatisfythede-mandoffast-growingandhigh-yieldplantationsinforestregionsofNortheastChina.MostoftheplantationshavetobeplantedonstublandofformerLarchplan-tations,Thus,#theeffectsofsecondr…     

白花败酱繁育技术初步研究

采用种子繁殖、扦插繁殖和分株繁殖试验对白花败酱的繁殖技术进行研究。结果表明：上述三种方式的繁殖效果均表现良好，其中分株繁殖苗成活率近100％，且长势良好，见效最快；老枝和嫩枝在大棚内和露地的扦插成活率均在80％以上；种子发芽率虽较低，播种繁殖仍是一种较好的方法。白花败酱适应性强，适于人工繁育栽培。     

云南龙竹有性繁殖与栽培技术

总结了一套云南龙竹有性繁殖育苗及栽植培育技术,主要包括种子收集及筛选、种子储存、播种育苗、营养土配制、幼苗移栽上袋、幼苗水肥管理、栽植、抚育管护、病虫害防治等。云南龙竹有形性育苗具有繁殖系数高、适应性强、抗逆性强、林相整齐、生命周期长、造林费用低、劳动强度小等特点。     

Variation in Seed and Seedling Traits of Celtis australis, a Multipurpose Tree, in Central Himalaya, India

Seeds of Celtis australis were collected from 13 different sources, ranging from 550 to 1980 masl, in Central Himalaya, India. Significant (p = 0.05) variations were observed for seed traits among provenances. However, among various characters, seed weight exhibited maximum variation between seed populations compared to other morphological characters. Between provenances, seed weight ranged from 47.8 to 83.1 g/1000 seed, with mean value of 66.9 ± 10.7 g/1000 seed. Significant (p = 0.01) positive correlation was found between morphological characters of seeds including seed weight and elevational range of seed source. For one year old seedlings, average shoot and root growth was 61.1 ± 13.3 and 30.5 ± 5.4 cm, respectively, irrespective of provenance variation. Inter-comparing biomass yield of the seedlings with altitude, average biomass production was 8.4 ± 2.5, 9.4 ± 3.3 and 12.7 ± 1.7 g/plant, respectively, for low (550–1000 masl), middle (1050–1250 masl) and high (1350–1980 masl) altitudinal populations. Significant (p = 0.01) positive correlation between growth performance of seedlings and altitude of the seed source was recorded. Across the provenances, shoots had the highest proportion of total biomass (42.3%), followed by leaves (32.6%) and roots (24.6%). Among various provenances, Badiyargaon, Agroda, Guptakashi, Jakholi, Gajeli, Srinagar and Palampur populations produced heavier seedlings and grew faster compared to seedlings of other sources.     

不同种苗类型白及物候及产量研究

对球茎、种子苗两种不同类型白及苗种植后的物候进行了定株观测,并调查了两种类型种苗在不同种植密度下的产量。结果表明:两种繁殖类型的白及植株出芽、展叶期基本一致,球茎和种子苗植株出芽期、展叶期、开花期、果期持续时间差异不大,而黄枯期差异较大。不同种苗类型和不同种植密度对白及产量有显著影响。采用球茎种植的白及产量显著高于种子苗种植的产量,本实验中,以种植株行距为15 cm×15 cm产量最高,在水肥条件较好地段,可适当密植提高产量。     

种衣剂拌种对沙棘种子繁苗效果的影响

采用种衣剂拌种进行沙棘育苗试验,当年秋季进行沙棘苗生长量和苗木产量的调查,探讨种衣剂拌种对沙棘种子繁苗效果的影响。结果表明：包衣剂拌种能够显著提高沙棘苗木生长量,比对照多繁育27万株·hn-2;种衣剂拌种后繁育的苗木苗高、地径与对照差异显著,苗高比对照提高48.65%,地径提高33.34%;主根长较对照提高43.7%,差异达极显著水平;侧根数提高18.8%,差异不显著;种衣剂拌种后沙棘苗木根系腐烂率为8.9%,比对照低4.3个百分点。种衣剂拌种是半干旱区繁育沙棘优质苗木的有效技术措施。     

黄连木育苗技术

本文主要对黄连木（Pistacia chinensis）育苗技术从采种、苗圃地选择、播种、管理以及嫁接育苗、根插育苗、容器育苗方法进行了阐述,为生产上应用提供了参考。     

Configuration and development of root systems of cuttings and seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus

Stem cuttings of Eucalyptus globulus are used within tree improvement programs and for mass deployment. To be successful, cuttings must perform as well or better than seedlings. The root systems of cuttings are fundamentally different from those of seedlings. If these differences influence growth, the differences and their consequences must be identified and the propagation system manipulated to improve performance of the propagules.Cuttings are only a viable alternative to seedlings as planting stock if the method of propagation does not affect their growth and development adversely. Full-sibling cuttings and seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus were compared under controlled environmental conditions to minimise extraneous sources of variation, and to establish whether changes in growth or development were induced by propagation. On three occasions over a period of eight weeks root-collar diameter, shoot height, leaf and stem weight, shoot/root ratios and root system morphology were measured on cuttings and seedlings. Seedlings were taller than cuttings throughout the experiment, but both plant types had similar height growth rates. Diameter growth rates were lower in cuttings than seedlings, and there were differences in both height and diameter growth rates between families. Root system configuration differed between the plant types. Seedlings had strongly gravitropic tap-roots, with two types of primary roots from which secondary roots emerged. Cuttings had no tap roots, and the main structural components of their root systems were adventitious roots formed during propagation. Cuttings did not develop further structural roots during the experiment, whereas seedlings continued to develop primary roots. Individual primary roots of cuttings were longer and had larger mid-point diameters than those of seedlings, but the total length of primary roots was greater in seedlings. Seedlings also had a greater number and total length of secondary roots. Shoot/root ratios, calculated from a range of functional measures, were higher in cuttings than seedlings.     

我国桉树扦插育苗相关技术研究进展

桉树是世界上长得最快的树种之一,因其具有速生丰产、轮伐期短、病虫害少、用途广泛和经济效益好等诸多优点而成为我国南方最重要的工业原料林树种。营造桉树人工林只有使用优良无性系苗才能达到速生、高产、轮伐期短的目的,扦插是生产优良无性系的主要方法之一。在扦插过程只有使用了好的容器才能避免窝根和根系缠绕缺点,从而培育出根系发育完整舒展、健壮的苗木;成熟的基质技术理念是培育壮苗的关键,配合使用植物生长调节剂能显著缩短了插穗的生根时间,能有效增加根量;掌握生根机理为进一步提高穗条的生根率和扦插苗的成活率、出圃率奠定基础;对母株复壮技术的可靠性做充分的权衡,以确保改良目标的实现。