辐射松引种试验初报

辐射松原产于美国加利福利亚、耐干旱、贫瘠,生长较快,材质好,先后被新西兰、澳大利亚、智利等几十个国家引进,表现良子。我省半于80年代在盆地内部引种失败。1989年,我省阿坝州开始在干旱河谷地区进行引种试验,取得阶段性成果。1997年,四川省林业厅批准《干旱地区辐射松引种造林试验》课题,进行进一步的试验研究。课题组进行了育苗、造林的对比试验,基于掌握了辐射松育苗、造林和引种驯化技术,特别是扦插育苗的成功,为该树种的大面积推广,提供了物质、技术保证。     

松阿扁叶蜂对四川岷江上游引进树种辐射松风险性分析和风险管理

用有害生物风险性评价的定量分析方法，对松阿扁叶蜂Acantholyda posticalis Matsumura在四川岷江上游干旱河谷辐射松Pinus radiata引种造林的风险性进行了分析。结果表明松阿扁叶蜂对辐射松危害程度强，造成的损失重，根除的难度大，是中度危险的潜在重大害虫，将对四川岷江上游干旱河谷地区辐射松大面积引种造林构成较大的威胁，应加强对辐射松引种造林模式和该害虫的虫情监测、生物防治技术进行研究。     

辐射松抗逆性试验研究初报

本文研究了四川省引种栽培的辐射松的抗逆性。研究结果表明:辐射松幼林在四川岷江上游干旱河谷表现出较强的抗旱性和较强的抗病、抗虫能力;根据造林地海拔与林木受冻害的关系,提出在岷江上游河谷区适宜栽培的海拔上限为2100m。辐射松在气温较高、湿度较大的区域造林保存率极低,而且易感病虫害,不宜引种栽培。     

岷江上游辐射松生长过程及其与气候变化的关系

应用树干解析方法,剖析了15年前引种于中国科学院茂县山地生态系统定位站的辐射松(Pinus radiataD.Von)的个体生物量以及地径和树高生长过程,并分析了地径与站区气候的关系。结果表明,辐射松地径去皮平均生长量和树高平均生长量可达10.309 mm和0.72 m,显示了较好的速生性;径向和树高连年生长过程均呈现多峰态曲线分布,平均生长过程在个别年份有轻微波动,但总体呈稳态上升趋势;断梢促进了辐射松径向生长,明显增大枝叶的生物量比例,促进了单株生物量的增加;影响辐射松地径生长气候因素主要是温度,其中尤以7月均温以及寒冷指数影响显著。综合分析发现,引种于岷江上游干旱山地的辐射松早期(15年前)速生性强,但低温是关键制约的气候因素。     

湖北省辐射松引种可行性探讨

笔者阐述了辐射松的生长特性及木材特性,比较了世界范围内辐射松原始分布区、引种成功地区与我省主要气候特征,分析了辐射松的生态适应性,探讨了辐射松在我省范围内引种的可行性,提出了我省辐射松引种试验方案。     

昆明地区辐射松引种试验初报

从１９８９年开始在昆明地区的五个点进行辐射松引种试验。四年的试验结果表明：辐射松在昆明地区引种初获成功。在试验点范围内具有良好的适应性，生长量大大超过乡土树种云南松和华山松。本文对同一生境，辐射松与云南松、华山松的生长情况进行了比较；分析了不同生境辐射松的生长规律。初步得出辐射松在昆明地区的适应范围。     

阿坝州干旱河谷区自然植被及生长调查

2005年7月20日至10月15日,对阿坝州6个县干旱河谷地区的自然植被进行了调查。结果表明:干旱河谷区主要植物物种有26种,以小叶羊蹄甲分布范围最广,其次是野花椒、虎榛子、三颗针、白刺花。同一区域不同树种的生长状况差异显著,即使是相同树种,在不同地区的生长差异也很明显。综合各项生长指标,金川县虎榛子是干旱河谷区同类树种中生长状况最优的,其植株平均高度、平均冠幅占有相同树种不同地区的绝对优势。同样,茂县的小叶羊踢甲、黑水县的三颗针等也是干旱河谷区同类树种的最优树。     

岷江干旱河谷造林树种选择

岷江干旱河谷区长期处于缺水的自然环境之下,在岷江干旱河谷造林树种选择上,一般选用耐旱树种,节水造林。由于岷江干旱河谷的降水量小,植物蒸发量远远大于降水量,这样的生长环境导致了植物生长缓慢。目前,水分子成为限制岷江干旱河谷造林的关键因素。由此,展开对岷江干旱河谷造林树种耗水性的研究,也是研究岷江干旱河谷造林树种选择的关键所在,该篇致力于协调造林植被与河谷水资源的关系,主要以辐射松、油松、榆树、岷江柏和侧柏五个树种为研究对象,展开岷江干旱河谷造林树种选择。     

蜜牧豆生物生态学特性及引种栽培

本文对原产地热带美洲和引种地的蜜牧豆生物生态学特性和生长情况进行了初步比较分析。结果表明：蜜牧豆在引种地四川具有生长良好,根瘤固氮能力强等特性,可作为干旱河谷地区生态恢复优良先锋树种。通过引种试验,初步提出蜜牧豆的育苗方法与栽培技术。     

辐射松

本文介绍了从新西兰引进的辐射松的形态特征、生长情况,认为辐射松在幼林阶段生长迅速,高于我省乡土树种云南松、华山松;辐射松具有广泛用途、易于加工,是值得引种推广的速生优质用材树种。     

Introduction of Pinus radiata for afforestation： a review with reference to Aba, China

Pinus radiata D. Don, native to a Californian coastal environment, has been introduced to many parts of the world as an exotic species for afforestation. It is now a major plantation species in the Southern Hemisphere. In 1990, it was introduced to the heavily degraded, dry Min river valley area in Aba prefecture of Sichuan Province, P. R. China. Survival and growth of young trees planted at several sites appear to be reasonable. This review is to serve as an introduction to the large body of literature on P.radiata for forest scientists in China. It covers the following aspects: P. radiata in its native environment and in ex situ plantations,provenance and genetic variations, environmental limitations and climate niche, diseases and pests, lessons from unsuccessful introductions, and the use of P. radiata for ecological restoration. The early growth of P. radiata planted in the dry river valley area is briefly described. Potential problems associated with the introduction of P. radiata in Aba and future research needs are also identified.     

四川阿坝辐射松引种长期森林健康风险初步评估

Pinus radiata was introduced to the summer rainfall environments of Sichuan Province, China in the 1990s as a part of an afforestation pmgram for soil and water conservation in the arid and semi-arid river valley area of Aba Prefecture. Within this region a total area of 26 000 ha have been identified through climate matching as suitable and a further 63 000 ha potentially suitable for environmental plantings of P. radiata. The plantations are being established in widely separated small patches on steep and degraded slopes along the dry river valley The newly introduced P. radiata are exposed to two kinds of forest health risks： they may be attacked by （a） indigenous pathogens and pests against which they may not possess any resistance or （b） by inadvertently introduced foreign pests or pathogens. This paper presents a survey of the potential damaging pests and a preliminary assessment of forest health risks facing the P. radiata plantations over a much longer timeframe than the initial phase of introduction and early plantation establishment. An empirical appmach was adopted to evaluate forest health risks by a combination of literature review, examination of historical records of pest and disease outbreaks in the surrounding conifemus forests, field surveys and inspections, specimen collection and identification, and most importantly, expert analysis of the likelihood of attack by specific pests and pathogens and the subsequent impact of such attacks. The assessment identified some specific forest health risks to the long-term success of P. radiata introduction in this area. These risks are closely associated with the indigenous pests and pathogens of the two native pine species, P. tabulaeformis and P. armondii since these pests and pathogens are considered more likely to establish on P. radiata over time. Exotic pests and pathogens are of a quarantine concern at present. Based on the results of assessment, recommendations are pmvided to improve forest vigour and to reduce the forest health risks pos     

白水江干旱河谷区荒山造林试验研究

白水江干旱河谷区是长江上游生态环境最脆弱区域之一,该区域植被恢复尤为因难。在干旱河谷核心区域不同立地条件下通过多年造林试验,岷江柏、侧柏造林成效较好,刺槐造林成效相对较差。     

瓦氏葛藤造林技术

瓦氏葛藤（ＰｕｅｒａｒｉａｗａｌｉｃｈｉＤＣ．）是紫胶虫的一种优良寄主植物,也是木本蛋白饲料植物;可作为干热河谷地区恢复植被的造林先锋树种。经引种栽培试验以及生产推广应用已总结出成熟的瓦氏葛藤造林技术。文章从采种、育苗、整地、施肥、造林（直播、植苗造林）、抚育管理、病虫害防治等方面,系统地介绍了瓦氏葛藤的造林技术。     

Novel dry forests in southwestern Puerto Rico

We report results of new research on (1) community composition of novel subtropical dry forests developing on abandoned pastures and agricultural fields in both private and protected public lands and (2) seed germination and growth rates of plantings of native tree species on degraded soils. We found that novel dry forests were dominated by introduced species, which accounted for 59 percent of the Importance Value (IV) of stands. These forests had high species dominance, with the most dominant species averaging 51 percent of the IV but reaching values as high as 92 percent. The floristic similarity between novel and mature native forests was low (5.6 percent) compared with the similarity among novel forest stands (26 percent). Collectively, the emerging novel forests had relatively high species richness (39 species/1.2 ha). After 45-60 years of growth and development, novel forests lagged mature native forests in basal area, tree density, and species richness, and lagged stands of similar age and past land use inside a protected area. Novel forest stands inside the protected Guánica Forest had higher species richness than those located outside in private lands. Most regeneration was from seed (67 percent of the new stems were single stems). The results from the germination and planting experiment show that seeds of 17 of 21 native tree species germinated in the laboratory and grew successfully in abandoned pastures when planted and watered for a period of 13 months. Our research shows that after the initial invasion and dominance of introduced species on degraded sites, the stands diversify with native species thus evolving towards new forest types with novel species combinations.     

大渡河干旱河谷早实核桃品种生长评价

在大渡河干旱河谷3个典型地区(康定市金汤乡陇须村(KJ)、泸定县杵坭乡联合村(LC)、康定市姑咱镇甘孜州林科所苗圃(KG))开展早实核桃品种8518、9818、云新14号和香玲引种栽培试验,并以本地品种为对照,评价早实核桃品种的成活率、保存率以及地径、株高等生长指标,以筛选出适合大渡河干旱河谷地区引种栽培的优良早实核桃品种。研究结果表明:品种和栽植地点显著影响早实核桃品种的成活率、保存率和地径、株高生长量。不同品种核桃幼苗在各栽植地点的成活率、保存率和地径、株高生长量大小顺序均表现为:KG>LC>KJ。香玲品种的成活率、保存率和地径、株高生长量在3个栽植地点均最高,8518品种次之,9818和云新14号品种最低。因此,我们建议在大渡河干旱河谷地区大面积推广早实核桃品种时需充分考虑品种和栽植地区的环境条件,在大力发展本地品种的同时可以引进香玲和8518品种。9818和云新14号品种在大渡河干旱河谷地区的生态适应性较低,不建议在该地区引种栽培。     

中国西北小叶杨资源概述

小叶杨是我国特有乡土树种,小叶杨抗风沙,耐瘠薄,在砂荒及黄土高原能生长,最适宜的则是湿润肥沃的黄土和冲积土,是培育“三北”地区新栽培无性系的最佳亲本之一.作者调查西北4省,发现沿山系的沟谷、河滩还大量生长着小叶杨,它们大多是50～60年代用种子繁殖的人工林,百年小叶杨老树很少见.荒凉贫瘠的沟谷、河滩地上的小叶杨比其它树种,比其它杨树品种生长得好,是一些林场重要的经济来源.这些小叶杨形态各异,蕴藏着丰富的基因资源.     

武定县干热河谷地区造林现状及发展对策

武定县干热河谷地区包括东坡乡等7个乡镇1365．9km^2，由于立地条件差，气候干热，因此造林成活率低。自1999年以来，随着中德合作造林、天保工程、退耕还林工程的实施，其造林成活率达91．9％，保存率89％。文章总结了历年造林中成功的经验、失败的教训，认为采取良种壮苗、树种选择、集水保墒、适时造林、加强抚育等措施，干热河谷地区的造林会获得成功。     

西藏干旱河谷生态恢复初步探讨

西藏干旱河谷在金沙江、怒江、澜沧江和雅鲁藏布江流域的中、上游高山峡谷地区分布广泛,生态环境十分脆弱,并有进一步退化的趋势。生态恢复是改善西藏干旱河谷生态的有效途径之一。通过查阅相关文献,根据生态恢复相关理论,结合我国干热干旱河谷生态恢复的研究现状,论述了西藏干旱河谷生态恢复的途经,并提出一些模式,旨在为西藏干旱河谷生态恢复工作提供理论依据。