羧甲基茯苓多糖促诱生细胞因子的继续研究

羧甲基茯苓多糖(Carboxymethylpachymaran,CMP)100μg/ml对人外周血淋巴细胞(HPBL)诱生肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的效价比常规诱生分别高7.4、0.5、10.9倍;CMP100μg/ml与PHA10gg/ml或Con A5μg/ml复合诱生TNF、IL-6、IFN-γ的效价比常规诱生分别高31.5、1.8、28.9倍;CMP100μg/ml与PHA10μg/ml、Con A5μg/ml三联诱生TNF、IL-6、IFN-γ的效价比常规诱生分别高90.2、4.7、63.2倍;CMP100μg/ml与PHA10μg/ml复合诱导HPBL产生粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulatingfactor,GM-CSF)的效价可以达到8×10~4U/ml以上。     

姬松茸子实体多糖ABMB3对小鼠免疫功能的影响

姬松茸(Agaricus blazei)子实体经沸水提取、乙醇沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow和Sephacryl S-300HR层析获得多糖ABMB3,研究表明:200μg/mL ABMB3可以刺激小鼠淋巴细胞分泌免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G,IgG)、IgM以及细胞因子白细胞介素6(Interleukin6,IL-6)、干扰素(Interferon,IFN)、IL-2和IL-4,说明ABMB3可以提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

金针菇子实体多糖FVPB1对小鼠T细胞和巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用

研究了金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)子实体多糖FVPB1对小鼠T细胞和巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。结果表明:FVPB1能激活小鼠T细胞,促使其分泌干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF);能促进巨噬细胞RAW264.7释放NO,增加小鼠骨髓源巨噬细胞白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的分泌水平。研究结果表明金针菇多糖FVPB1具有良好的免疫调节功能,可用于相关功能性食品、保健品和药品的研发。     

蛹虫草菌丝体循环富硒法的建立及其硒多糖抑癌作用初探

研究富硒蛹虫草菌丝体循环富硒作用及该法获取的硒多糖对人宫颈癌细胞Hela的抑制作用.采用循环富硒法获得蛹虫草富硒菌丝体并制备硒多糖,经硒定量和多糖含量测定后采用MTT.法检测硒多糖与正常蛹虫草多糖(12.5、25、50、100、200μg/mL)作用Hela细胞72 h后细胞存活率的变化.循环富硒法可有效促进蛹虫草菌丝体对硒的富集,硒含量为680.2μg/g,多糖含量为47.4%;硒多糖与正常蛹虫草多糖(100μg/mL)对Hela细胞的抑制率分别为91.87%和77.98%.其IC50分别为18.5μg/mL和48.5μg/mL.循环富硒法可有效制备富硒蛹虫草菌丝体和硒多糖,循环富硒法获取的硒多糖能有效的抑制Hela细胞的增殖.     

羧甲基茯苓多糖研究进展

羧甲基茯苓多糖 (CMP)对小鼠肿瘤U-14 、昆明种小鼠肉瘤 -180 肝癌H2 2 、小鼠Lweis肺癌有抑制作用。CMP能明显增强荷瘤小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、小鼠脾抗体分泌细胞数以及特异的抗原结合细胞数及小鼠对牛血清白蛋白诱导的迟发型超敏反应。CMP具有间接抗病毒、保肝与催眠作用。CMP能诱导人血淋巴细胞产生干扰素、白细胞介素、肿瘤坏死因子与粒 -巨噬细胞集落刺激因子。CMP静脉注射小鼠的LD50 为 3 13± 0 14g/kg。CMP 313mg/ (kg·d)连续静脉注射 3个月 ,犬没有呈现毒副作用。CMP 2 5 0mg/kg腹腔注射小鼠无致突变结果、大鼠无致畸胎结果。CMP 313mg/kg静脉注射家兔 ,4 8h后血浓中CMP基本消失     

喂食蛹虫草的小鼠血清对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及活化的影响

探讨喂食蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)的小鼠血清对脾淋巴细胞的影响。将20只雄性BALB/c小鼠分为两组。蛹虫草组用蛹虫草水提物(10 mL/kg·d),对照组用等体积纯净水,连续灌胃30 d。收集上述两组小鼠血清,通过小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外增殖实验检测不同浓度(5%、10%、20%)血清对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和活化的影响。采用流式细胞术检测T细胞(CD~(3+))、B细胞(CD~(19+))、辅助性T细胞(helper T,Th)(CD~(3+)CD~(4+))、细胞毒性T细胞(cytotoxic T cell,Tc)(CD~(3+)CD~(8+))在淋巴细胞中所占百分比,以及细胞表面共刺激因子CD28和早期活化蛋白CD69的表达量。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定小鼠脾淋巴细胞上清液中干扰素γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)和白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)的表达量。结果表明:与对照组相比,培养基中添加10%和20%喂食蛹虫草的小鼠血清可刺激脾淋巴细胞增殖,刺激指数分别为(105.25±2.40)%和(134.54±5.99)%;喂食蛹虫草的小鼠血清可明显提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞中T细胞和B细胞的百分比,与对照组相比,添加10%和20%喂食蛹虫草的小鼠血清使T细胞在淋巴细胞总数中的百分比分别提高了(3.00±0.20)%和(7.20±0.21)%,添加20%喂食蛹虫草的小鼠血清使B细胞的百分比提高了(8.53±0.25)%;喂食蛹虫草的小鼠血清可促进Th细胞、Tc细胞分化,上调T细胞及其亚群中CD28分子的表达,提高T细胞和B细胞中CD69分子的表达,促进淋巴细胞活化,还可显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞中免疫调节因子IFN-γ和IL-2的表达;添加20%喂食蛹虫草的小鼠血清IFN-γ表达量为(101.92±12.76)ng/L,添加10%和20%喂食蛹虫草的小鼠血清IL-2表达量分别为(369.56±30.98)ng/L和(417.69±15.94)ng/L。     

蛹虫草抗肿瘤和免疫活性部位的体外筛选

为筛选蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)子实体的抗肿瘤和免疫活性部位,采用系统溶剂法,分别用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、95%的无水乙醇、沸水(100℃)、3%草酸铵和5%NaOH依次提取并计算提取物得率,且测定了沸水提取物、草酸铵提取物、NaOH提取物1和2的多糖含量.采用体外抗肿瘤模型测定了氯仿提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和乙醇提取物对肿瘤细胞L1210和SW620的抑制活性;采用体外免疫增殖试验模型测定了沸水提取物、草酸铵提取物和NaOH提取物1和2的免疫活性.结果表明,乙酸乙酯提取物对肿瘤细胞L1210和SW620的抑制效果最好,当乙酸乙酯提取物浓度为200μg/mL时,抑制率分别为(85.2±2.5)%和(67.7±6.3)%;体外免疫活性测定结果表明,草酸铵提取物刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞后的增殖活性最高,当浓度为500μg/mL时细胞增殖率为(312.0±7.2)%,与阳性对照PHA的细胞增殖率(329.3±3.0)%相当.     

羧甲基茯苓多糖诱导物的药用

茯苓 Poria cocos(Schw.) Wolf 具有利水渗湿、健脾宁心的功效。但是,β-茯苓聚糖占茯苓菌核的93％,却无抗肿瘤作用,如果把茯苓中的聚糖提取出来,使之转化成为羧甲基茯苓多糖(Carboxyme-thylpachymaran,CMP),就具有抗肿瘤作用。笔者1979年采用液相不振荡半合成工艺成功地制取了CMP,药理试验证明,CMP具有抗肿瘤、免疫调节、保肝降谷-丙转氨酶、减轻化放疗副反应的作用,毒理试验证明,CMP无不良毒副反应和无致畸无致突变结果。苏州医学院基因工程研究室的试验证明,CMP能诱导人白细胞产生α-干扰素(*~α-Interferon, α-IFN)、γ-干扰素(γ-Interferon, γ-IFN)、白细胞介素-2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor mecrosis factor, TNF)和粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF)等分子免疫物质。本文报道苏州医学院基因工程研究室应用笔者提供的CMP所诱导的细胞因子(分子免疫物质)的药用。     

山杏叶水提物对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞的体外抗炎作用

以山杏叶水提物为试材,以脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS)诱导的小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7为炎症模型,通过CCK8法、Griess试剂法、酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和RT-PCR法检测山杏叶水提物处理后细胞存活率的变化和炎症相关因子的分泌表达情况,研究了山杏叶水提物对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型的抗炎作用。结果表明:山杏叶水提物在0.5~2.0 mg·mL~(-1)浓度范围内与1μg·mL~(-1) LPS共培养时,对RAW264.7细胞的增殖无明显影响;LPS处理可显著提升细胞NO和IL-6的分泌量,但山杏叶水提物能够有效抑制NO的释放和IL-6的产生;而在基因水平,水提物的处理可显著抑制炎症因子IL~(-1)2p40、COX-2、IL-6和TNF-α的mRNA表达,且具有浓度依赖性。     

两株西藏白肉灵芝菌株特性初探

对西藏林芝地区的白肉灵芝(Ganoderma leucocontextum)菌株G-122和G-241进行鉴别分析,并对其栽培性状、有效成分含量和提取物功能等方面进行研究。基于形态学特性和ITS分析,2个菌株均鉴定为白肉灵芝。二者菌丝对峙培养产生明显拮抗线,菌丝体生物量差异显著(G-241高于G-122),子实体颜色不同(G-241和G-122分别为红褐色和黄褐色),G-241子实体单菇重高于G-122;有效成分含量差异也较大,G-122粗多糖含量高而G-241总三萜含量高;菌株G-122、G-241醇提物对乳腺癌MT-1细胞IC_(50)值分别为265.2和225.6μg/mL。实验结果表明菌株G-122和G-241为不同菌株。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.