猪圆环病毒2型致病机制研究进展

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)感染可导致一系列病征,包括断奶仔猪多系统衰竭征(PMWS)、仔猪先天性震颤(CT)、母猪繁殖障碍、猪皮炎肾病综合征(PDNS)及猪呼吸道综合征(PRDC),其中以PMWS对养猪业危害最大.PCV-2具有自身特有生物学特性.PCV-2可感染不同年龄段猪而产生临床上症状不同的疾病,能诱发仔猪产生免疫抑制后继发感染和混合感染其他病原.论文结合PCV-2的分子生物学特性和发病特征,从分子生物学角度、病毒组织嗜性、宿主细胞增殖特性及免疫刺激方面,对PCV-2致病机制进行综述,为防控PCV-2感染提供参考.     

猪圆环病毒免疫学和综合防控措施研究进展

猪圆环病毒（Porcine Circovirus,PCV）在世界范围内广泛存在。PCV是1974年在猪肾传代细胞系PK一15中发现的一种污染病毒,并不引起细胞病变效应（CPE）,无致病性,被命名为PCVl,而后在猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征（Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome,PMWS）中分离该病毒。有致病性,被命名为PCV2。该病与猪的多种综合征有关,除引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征外,还可弓l起猪皮炎肾病综合征（Porcine Dermatitisand Nephropathy Syndrome,PDNS）、猪呼吸系统疾病症候群、母猪繁殖障碍、肠炎等。已有研究表明,PCV2主要侵害猪体的免疫系统,导致免疫抑制及机体抵抗力降低,干扰和破坏猪对其他疫病免疫抗体的产生和维持,从而继发其他疾病。目前该病几乎在包括我国在内的世界上所有养猪国家广泛存在,给养猪业造成重大经济损失。PCV2感染和免疫刺激作用在PMWS发生中起关键作用,母源抗体对PMWS发生有被动保护作用,通过对初产母猪和经产母猪进行PCV2免疫。增加母源性免疫和降低病毒血症的措施可以减少PMWS和仔猪的死亡。PCV2疫苗现在虽然已经在商业上应用,但因PMWS并非单独由PcV2引起,其必须与猪细小病毒（porcineparvovirus,PPV）、猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）等病原协同作用于免疫系统,才能够引起猪发病,所以疫苗对PCV2感染预防很难奏效,而且疫苗对PCV2复制和PCVD的诱导增强作用似乎依赖于疫苗佐剂的类型和疫苗的接种时间。因此,对该病的防控必须采取综合防治为主的技术手段。针对目前商用疫苗,人们进行了许多相关的免疫对比试验研究,对母猪在配种前后进行免疫注射,在发生过PMWS感染的猪群,应该根据PCV2感染的时间有目的地制定免疫接种方案,能够控制或者减少PMWS的发生。本文重点综述了PCV2的感染的免疫学研究进展并对目前采取的综合防控措施做了回顾和展望。     

涪陵区集约化猪场猪圆环病毒2型血清流行病学调查

猪圆环病毒(PCV)根据基因型分为PCV-1和PCV-2两种。对猪有致病性的是PCV-2,它与猪断奶仔猪多系统衰弱综合征(PMWS)密切相关,也是引起母猪繁殖障碍的病原之一。据报道PCV-2与猪皮炎与肾炎综合征(PDNS)、猪增生性坏死性肺炎(PNP)和新生仔猪的先天性震颤(CT)等多种疾病也有关系。近年来,在涪陵区内由PCV-2病毒感染直接或间接引起的病例不断增多,给区内养猪业     

猪圆环病毒病疫苗免疫母猪的生产现场试验

本文介绍了一系列的试验结果,证实一种新的猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒(PCV-2)疫苗可免疫母猪以减少母猪和新生仔猪潜在的圆环病毒病的排毒,因而可减少仔猪出生后早期的病毒暴露量,并通过母源抗体保护仔猪,以防止PCV-2的早期感染。     

猪圆环病毒感染及动物模型研究进展

1974年德国学者Tischer从多株连续传代的猪肾细胞(PK-15)中发现了猪圆环病毒(PCV),其致病性及其疾病直到1991年才由Clark报道,称为断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS).随后,许多学者对PCV-2感染以及PMWS的动物模型建立进行了广泛研究,证实了免疫激发及PCV-2与其他病原混合感染对PMWS的...     

猪圆环病毒2型综合免疫及母源抗体评估研究

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)参与引起的疾病症候群较为复杂,疫苗免疫效果受多种因素的影响。目前,疫苗的实际免疫效果及其对其他疫苗免疫效果的影响尚不十分清楚。针对这一问题,根据PCV-2病原和WH疫苗株特点,项目组设计了1组母猪、4组仔猪的免疫试验,并持续监测了免疫抗体及仔猪母源抗体变化情况,同时评估PCV-2免疫对其他疫苗(猪瘟、高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪O型口蹄疫)免疫效果的影响。结果显示,仔猪一次性免疫,不能达到理想的免疫效果,间隔2周~3周加强免疫,效果较好,保护抗体可持续到105日龄以上。母猪配种前和产仔前两次免疫,至仔猪断奶后,母猪抗体较高,所产仔猪,28日龄母源抗体较高。PCV-2疫苗免疫不影响上述3种疫苗的免疫效果。     

邯郸某规模猪场猪圆环病毒2型抗体检测及结果分析

<正>猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus 2,PCV-2)感染会引起猪的多种症状,如断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、猪皮炎与肾病综合征(PDNS)、新生仔猪先天性震颤(CT)、猪间质性肺炎(IP)以及怀孕母猪的繁殖障碍等,尤其会造成机体的免疫抑制,降低猪的免疫功能,且该病在我国已广泛流行,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失[1-3]。该病没有特效治疗药,     

猪圆环病毒2型感染对猪场的危害及防治措施

猪圆环病毒病2型(PCV-2)感染是近年来发现的一种较难控制的传染病.该病主要侵害哺乳仔猪和育肥猪,及怀孕母猪.其特征性临床症状为患猪体质不良,皮肤苍白.引起的疫病包括猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS),增生性坏死性肺炎(PNP)、猪皮炎与肾病综合征(PDNS)、猪呼吸系统疾病综合征(PRDC)、繁殖障碍、先天性震颤及肠炎等.     

规模猪场猪圆环病毒2型控制方案

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)主要侵害哺乳仔猪和育肥猪,引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、猪皮炎与肾病综合征(PDNS)、猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC)、PCV-2相关性繁殖障碍、仔猪先天性震颤(CT)、PCV-2相关     

猪圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）的特点及防治措施

1 猪圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）的特点 研究证明，PCV-2是断奶后多系统衰竭综合征（PMWS）、猪呼吸病综合征（PRDC）、猪皮炎与肾病综合征（PDNS）的重要病原，在多种肠炎病的发生方面亦有重要的推波助澜的作用。PCV-2作为独立的病原体，在仔猪先天性震颤和引发孕猪流产、死胎方面已得到确认，特别对初产母猪引发繁殖障碍尤为突出，应引起重视。     

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs with particular emphasis on the causative agent, the mode of transmission, the diagnostic tools and the control measures. A review

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is a worldwide emerging disease of weaned piglets. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding PMWS, its causative agent, mode of transmission, diagnostic techniques to detect PCV-2, the possible control measures, and the association of PMWS and PCV-2 with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). The causative agent of PMWS is porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), however, not all pigs infected with PCV-2 develop the syndrome. PCV-2 is consistently associated with PMWS and PMWS is considered not to occur without it. Both the syndrome and the virus are not regarded as new. Co-factors that could activate PCV-2 to cause PMWS are considered. This enigmatic nature of both the syndrome and the virus is triggering a concern towards uncertainties of the viral transmission, its introduction in to the herd, effective tools of diagnosis, and control strategies.     

Porcine circovirus as a possible cause of postweaning wasting in pigs in Switzerland

Postweaning wasting is a major worldwide problem in pig production, particularly with respect to the disease termed postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In addition to wasting, PMWS symptoms include respiratory distress, diarrhoea, pallor and occasional cases of jaundice. The causative agent is porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). The objective of the present study was to determine the significance of PMWS and similar conditions in Switzerland. A total of 72 weaned piglets from 26 farms showing wasting were examined for the presence of PCV-2 by immunohistochemical and histological analysis and 57 piglets from 21 farms were examined serologically. Possible causes for wasting other than PCV-2 were investigated by macroscopic, histological and bacteriological methods. PCV-2 antigen was identified immunohistochemically in the lymphatic organs in 11 of these 72 piglets. However, only 4 animals showed histological changes typical of PMWS. PCV-2 antibodies were found in 70% of the piglets. Piglets with wasting syndrome not associated with PCV-2 infection suffered from conditions including porcine proliferative enteropathy, gastric ulcers, polyserositis and polyarthritis. The most frequent condition was chronic enteritis not associated to circovirus infection. The results from the serological analyses indicate a wide distribution of PCV-2 in the Swiss pig population. However, confirmed cases of PMWS were rare in the investigated piglets.     

Detection of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) DNA by nested PCR from formalin-fixed tissues of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) pigs in Thailand

A retrospective study for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) DNA was conducted by nested PCR method in 16 cases of swine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Thailand. Histopathology showed characteristic lesions of PMWS and intracytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies in macrophages infiltrating in lymphoid tissues. PCV-2 DNA was detected from formalin-fixed and/or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from all pigs with PMWS. The amplified products were digested with Hae III.     

Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2, Porcine Parvovirus and Porcine Pseudorabies Virus from Pigs with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome by Multiplex PCR

Multiplex PCR was established to detect porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) and applied to samples from 137 piglets exhibiting clinical signs of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). PCV-2 DNA was detected from all samples. Moreover, 43 samples were positive for PPV but negative for PRV; 11 samples were positive for PRV but negative for PPV; and 35 samples were positive both for PPV and PRV. These results suggests that PCV-2 co-infection with PRV and PPV may play an important role in PMWS. Also, multiplex PCR is an appropriate candidate method for diagnosis of PCV-2, PRV and PPV simultaneously in field cases.     

A review of porcine circovirus 2-associated syndromes and diseases

Clinical expression of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection in swine may result in several distinct syndromes and diseases including post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), reproductive failure, porcine respiratory disease complex, granulomatous enteritis, necrotizing lymphadenitis, and possibly exudative epidermitis. Association of PCV2 with congenital tremor in piglets is still controversial. The extent of the involvement of PCV2 in swine disease other than PMWS is currently poorly understood. This review concentrates on PCV-2-associated syndromes and diseases other than PMWS.     

猪圆环病毒病研究进展

猪圆环病毒病是最近 1 0多年来才发现的一种新的猪病。研究表明 ,Ⅱ型猪圆环病毒 (PCV 2 )不仅是断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合症 (PMWS)的病原 ,而且能够引起多种猪病。近年来 ,由PCV 2引起的疾病主要有PMWS、猪皮炎及肾病综合征、猪增生性坏死性肺炎等 ,另外 ,猪呼吸与繁殖障碍综合征、猪细小病毒、传染性先天性震颤等均与PCV 2感染有重要关联。随着规模化养殖业的不断发展 ,由PCV 2引起的疫病呈上升趋势 ,给全世界养猪业带来了巨大的经济损失。为了探讨有效控制本病的方法 ,特对该病的病原学、流行病学、致病机理、诊断及防制措施的研究情况进行了综述     

Genotypic shift of porcine circovirus type 2 from PCV-2a to PCV-2b in Spain from 1985 to 2008

Changes in porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) genotypes were evaluated before, during and after outbreaks of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in (1) a retrospective study using pig sera collected in Spain from 1985 to 2008 and (2) a longitudinal study using pig sera collected from two farms in Spain over periods of 7 and 14 years. In both studies, there was a rapid genotypic shift from PCV-2a to PCV-2b that was related to the peak of PMWS epizootics in Spain and the appearance of PMWS on the two farms studied longitudinally.     

猪圆环病毒2型诊断方法的研究进展

圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）是目前已知的最小的动物病毒,不仅是猪断奶后多系统衰弱综合征（PMWS）的病原,而且如猪皮炎肾病综合症（PDNS）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）、仔猪先天震颤（CT）、增生性坏死性肺炎等疾病也与PCV-2有关,给养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失。作者从免疫学、分子生物学方面综述了当前国内外猪圆环病毒病常用的各种诊断方法的研究进展,便于我们今后的研究。     

Characterisation of Hungarian porcine circovirus 2 genomes associated with PMWS and PDNS cases

The authors report the data of the first survey on the incidence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) in Hungary. A PCR method specific for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) was developed, which proved to be suitable for diagnostic purposes. PCR screening of organ samples from pigs suspected to be affected with PMWS or PDNS revealed the presence of PCV-2 in 80% of the cases. Six PCV-2 genomes from Hungarian isolates were completely sequenced. Phylogenetic comparison with all the available PCV-2 sequences showed that porcine circoviruses circulating in Hungary are more variable than in several other European countries. Two Hungarian strains clustered together with the Spanish strains forming a distinct group; two others fell in a common group with the French, UK, and Dutch strains, whereas another two strains showed the closest relationship to two of the three known German PCV-2 sequences.