棕榈科植物在海口城市公园热带园林景观中的应用分析

棕榈科植物是海南及华南地区常用树种之一,其树型独特,自成体系,是营造热带植物景观的重要树种之一。通过对海口主要城市公园棕榈科植物的应用现状进行实地调查,总结出海口主要城市公园中的棕榈科植物种类为40种,分析了棕榈科植物在海口主要城市公园热带植物景观中的应用特点和配置方式,并针对棕榈科植物在海口城市公园热带园林植物景观营造中存在的问题,提出优化的措施和策略。     

广州35种棕榈科成龄植株节间距与叶片性状调查与应用分析

本文主要是对广州35种普遍独特的棕榈科成龄植株进行调查分析,采用自然观察法及性状分析归类法把调查结果指标节间距与叶片性状等进行具体的分析归类。通过35种棕榈科植物节间距与叶片性状分析得出的结果,为成龄棕榈科植物节间距及叶片性状的分类、观赏价值和应用提供了理论依据。     

浅析棕榈科植物在造景中的作用

介绍了棕榈科植物的主要配植方式,探究棕榈科植物在造景中的作用,指导棕榈植物的应用设计,以期更好地发挥棕榈科植物的景观功能。     

棕榈科刺葵属植物在漳州园林中的应用

介绍了漳州地区常见的棕榈科刺葵属植物,总结了其园林应用形式,对漳州地区应用棕榈科刺葵属植物提出了建议。     

浅析棕榈科植物在华南农业大学校园中的应用

棕榈科植物枝干优美,是重要的热带风光植物。本文通过调查华南农业大学棕榈科植物的种类和应用情况,分析其在大学校园应用中的优势和存在的问题,为广州大学校园的绿化建设提供参考。     

园林中棕榈科植物配置与造景的探讨

棕榈科植物有独特的绿化效果,已经成为园林绿化中一个生力军。介绍了棕榈科植物在我国的资源和分布,着重阐述了园林中棕榈科植物配置和造景。指出棕榈科植物在南方植物造景中的不足,并提出了相关建议,从而能更好地发挥棕榈科植物的造景功能。     

棕榈科植物在惠州园林中的应用

介绍棕榈科植物在惠州园林建设中应用的成功案例及常用品种,分析其主要应用形式,并提出应用中所要注意的事项。     

棕榈科植物在动物园的应用——以南宁市动物园为例

棕榈科植物树形独特,枝叶优美,极易显现出浓郁的南国地域特色,南宁市动物园共栽植23个品种3474株(丛),在园内景观区、动物馆舍以及特色园区,都大量应用了棕榈科植物,其既能作为实现动物园各项功能的良好绿化树种,又能展现南宁市动物园的亚热带风情。     

棕榈科植物缺水生理及其症状图鉴

引经据典论证棕榈科植物在不同缺水状态下的生理反应,并利用在工作实践中积累的图片,展示棕榈科植物在轻度、间歇性重度、重度和极度缺水状态下出现的4种不同症状。     

常绿植物在园林建设中的应用

常绿植物在园林建设中的应用可以有效改善城市生态、文化以及经济等多方面建设,对城市建设具有重要意义。本文阐述了常绿植物在园林建设中的应用原则,并针对存在的问题提出具体实施策略。     

Landscape Diagnosis on Different Space and Time Scales – A Challenge for Landscape Planning

Landscape diagnosis provides a bridge between scientific knowledge and socio-economic issues that is needed to meet the demands of sophisticated landscape planning and management. The diagnostic assessment of landscape functions (capacities, goods and services supported by the landscape) at different spatio-temporal scales is a valuable tool that can solve the transformation problem. A variety of landscape classification systems – including biophysical and landscape units – can be applied as a spatial reference system. Examples are described from the multitude of approaches to assess landscape functions that can be employed in landscape diagnosis. The theoretical and methodological aspects of the approach are illustrated using examples both from Germany and the Czech Republic. The examples focus on landscape functions such as groundwater recharge, regulation of water balance, and resistance to wind erosion. In addition, the rarity of and threats to landscape types, landscape aesthetic values, and the landscape character and landscape persistence are discussed.     

Landscape changes over time: comparison of land uses, boundaries and mosaics

Changes in the landscape from 1946 to 1999 were studied according to changes in the land uses, boundaries and mosaics therein. The abundances of the different categories of these three landscape elements were calculated using land use maps. Their frequency profiles were compared based on their richness, evenness and diversity. Richness of land uses does not noticeably change. However, these slight changes are spatially perceptible in the landscape when changes in the boundaries and mosaics are considered. For the three landscape elements the least diverse landscapes are obtained in the initial year. The highest landscape diversity is reached, however, in the intermediate years when boundaries or mosaics are considered, whereas the highest value based on land uses occurs in the final period studied. Considering that land uses, boundaries and mosaics provide different information on landscape characteristics and qualities, conditional entropy analyses were conducted in order to ascertain which of the types of landscape elements is most related to landscape change. Boundaries are the element most related to landscape change. Mosaics, however, are the element that best describe each of the years because they integrate the information on land uses and boundaries. From an ecological and management point of view, the three elements should be considered as opposed to just land uses. They compliment each other in the information provided by each one in relation to changes occurring and the effects thereof on landscape structure and functioning.     

Bridging landscape preference and landscape design: A study on the preference and optimal combination of landscape elements based on conjoint analysis

Landscape preference is the focus of landscape research, in which the relationship between landscape elements and landscape preference is an important issue. Most previous studies have analysed correlation between the landscape preference scored by the public and scores on the quality of landscape elements by experts; some have compared the effects of individual landscape elements on landscape preference by photo simulation. In this study, landscape preference is regarded as the selection preference of landscape element combination. The conjoint analysis method is used to further explore the ranking and optimal combination of the significant degrees of impact of landscape elements on landscape preference when multiple landscape element combinations are used. The results show that the influence degrees of landscape elements on landscape preference in urban parks followed the order water, square, openness of the landscape, vegetation, road and seats. The optimal combination of landscape elements is the open landscape with flowing water, a shaded square, rich vegetation, a road and seats. This study demonstrates the advantages of the conjoint analysis method over the univariate method in controlling multiple variables, improving experimental efficiency and obtaining more meaningful results. A combination of urban park landscape elements based on landscape preference is helpful to inspire landscape architects to make choices among multiple landscape elements, provides evidence-based design methods for landscape design and offers basic parameters for the wide application of the parametric design or computational design of landscape architecture.     

怀化市住宅小区绿化调查

抽样调查和分析怀化市住宅小区绿地及园林植物应用现状,并用AHP法进行景观评价.结果表明:怀化市住宅小区绿地率较低,所用园林植物种类品种较少;住宅小区绿化景观整体AHP评价为A-.问题主要为景观特色、植物多样性与景观多样性方面的不足,尤其是对小区景观与城市绿地系统的关系,小区生态环境与城市生态系统的关系处理方面的不足.最后,就小区绿化建设如何更好地服务于生态宜居城市建设,从植物种类选择、造景理念与生态效益5方面进行讨论.     

Connectivity measures: a review

One of the central problems in contemporary ecology and conservation biology is the drastic change of landscapes induced by anthropogenic activities, resulting in habitat loss and fragmentation. For many wild living species, local extinctions of fragmented populations are common and recolonization is critical for regional survival. Successful recolonization depends on the availability of dispersing individuals and the degree of landscape connectivity. The obvious implications of landscape connectivity for conservation biology have led to a proliferation of connectivity measures. However, general relationships between landscape connectivity and landscape structure are lacking, and so are the relationships between different connectivity metrics. Consequently, there is a need to develop landscape metrics that more accurately characterize the landscape with an emphasis on the underlying processes. Here we review various definitions of landscape connectivity, explain their mathematical connotations, and make some unifying conclusions and suggestions for future research.     

Combining farmers’ decision rules and landscape stochastic regularities for landscape modelling

Landscape spatial organization (LSO) strongly impacts many environmental issues. Modelling agricultural landscapes and describing meaningful landscape patterns are thus regarded as key-issues for designing sustainable landscapes. Agricultural landscapes are mostly designed by farmers. Their decisions dealing with crop choices and crop allocation to land can be generic and result in landscape regularities, which determine LSO. This paper comes within the emerging discipline called “landscape agronomy”, aiming at studying the organization of farming practices at the landscape scale. We here aim at articulating the farm and the landscape scales for landscape modelling. To do so, we develop an original approach consisting in the combination of two methods used separately so far: the identification of explicit farmer decision rules through on-farm surveys methods and the identification of landscape stochastic regularities through data-mining. We applied this approach to the Niort plain landscape in France. Results show that generic farmer decision rules dealing with sunflower or maize area and location within landscapes are consistent with spatiotemporal regularities identified at the landscape scale. It results in a segmentation of the landscape, based on both its spatial and temporal organization and partly explained by generic farmer decision rules. This consistency between results points out that the two modelling methods aid one another for land-use modelling at landscape scale and for understanding the driving forces of its spatial organization. Despite some remaining challenges, our study in landscape agronomy accounts for both spatial and temporal dimensions of crop allocation: it allows the drawing of new spatial patterns coherent with land-use dynamics at the landscape scale, which improves the links to the scale of ecological processes and therefore contributes to landscape ecology.     

Landscape structure and the disturbance regime at three rural regions in Hiroshima Prefecture,Japan

Using the vegetation maps of island, inland and mountainous rural regions in Hiroshima Prefecture in western Japan, landscape structures in terms of the size and number of patches are compared, and the characteristics of the disturbance regimes creating each landscape are discussed. Landscape structure in the island rural region is the most heterogeneous, because factors which alter the landscape structure are the most complex. This heterogeneity is established and kept by the agricultural land uses and natural disturbances such as forest fire and pine-disease. At the mountainous rural region, the landscape mosaic is characterized by the relatively large patches composed of conifer plantations and secondary deciduous oak forests. This is the result of the forestry. The inland region landscape is the most homogeneous, because factors which alter landscape structure are now absent. The complex of the physical, biological and anthropogenic forces makes the landscape unique to each region.     

森林景观美学评价现状与展望

认知森林景观并科学评价其美学价值,对于优化城市森林景观、提升森林美景度、改善人居环境质量有重要意义。目前,国内外森林景观评价多尝试运用景观生态学的专家学派方法、心理物理学方法、认知学派方法和经验学派方法,在定性描述的基础上,试图建立森林景观评价的独特体系。本文综合分析了上述四种方法的特点和应用情况,指出森林景观美学评价有可能在融合既有方法的基础上,借助数字图片编辑和景观可视化技术的深入研发,逐步发展定性描述与定量分析相结合的综合评价体系,为合理评价森林景观提供技术准备。     

景观生态学与风景区旅游规划

景观的结构与功能、生态整体性与空间异质性、景观多样性与稳定性以及景观变化等景观生态学理论,不仅可为风景名胜区的规划设计提供理论和方法,还可以为进一步完善改进规划提供重要的科学依据。文章初步探讨景观生态学在风景区旅游规划中的应用。     

浅谈西方现代景观设计的主要倾向

西方现代景观经过近一个世纪的发展,形成了有别于传统园林的风格和形式。受到现代景观思想与设计手法的广泛影响,景观从传统中逐渐走了出来,并形成了现代园林一些明显与传统形式不相同的特征,该文从5个方面谈论了西方现代景观设计的主要倾向。