基于AHP法的高职校园植物景观评价——以陕西职业技术学院为例

运用定量植物景观AHP评价模型,依据物种、观赏特性、开花季节、生活类型和空间类型等5个多样性指标对陕西职业技术学院2个校区的植物景观进行了评价,结果表明,2个校区的植物景观水平都为较好等级,并发现了2个校区绿化现状中在开花季节、生活型多样性方面存在的不足,可以通过增加秋季、冬季开花及常绿和落叶针叶树的种类来改善。     

林芝居住小区园林植物配置的探讨

居住区是居民最直接接触的空间,其环境建设应以改善和维护小区生态平衡为宗旨,以人与自然共存为目标。笔者对几个小区的植物种类和配置进行调查,根据林芝地区园林植物绿化现状、景观现状、功能现状、人文现状,对植物的景观营造和生态群落模式问题做了研究,并提出了相应措施和建议。     

“众一桂府”住宅小区绿化点评

对湖南省娄底市"众一桂府"住宅小区绿化及景观进行分析评价:对其植物配置、景观效果、生物多样性等方面进行肯定,分析其存在的问题,提出相应的建议。     

腾冲庭院绿化中植物配置与景观效果探析

园林植物是园林工程建设的重要材料,植物配置对后期形成的景观效果起决定性的作用,植物配置直接影响到园林整体功能的发挥。以腾冲县自来水公司为例,探索腾冲机关单位及住宅小区绿化植物配置的最佳景观效果,以加快"森林腾冲"建设的步伐。     

昆明市石虎关立交桥植物景观调查

通过对昆明市石虎关立交桥园林植物种类、生活型、观赏特性、植物色彩、群落结构等进行调查,运用景观综合评价指数法进行植物景观评价,以期为立交桥植物景观建设提供有益的借鉴。     

植物配置在城市小区中的应用——以昆明金安小区为例

住宅小区景观环境优化在小区绿化建设中发挥着重要作用,随着人们生活水平的提高,小区每年进行了大量的环境美化工作来提高小区的绿化率和居住环境条件,但与人们对小区美好环境的需求还是有一定的差距,只有合理地应用和配置植物,科学应用景观小品,才能满足人们对景观和环保的需求。以昆明金安小区为例,调查了小区的绿化现状,分析了小区在绿化中存在的问题,进一步提出了小区植物配置优化方案和后期养护对策,以期为昆明及类似居住小区的景观设计提供理论支撑。     

“植物生态位”视角下城市植物景观构建探究

植物群落的构建是进行生态城市建设的首要任务,也是其重中之重。以植物生态位为理论依据,对当前的植物景观设计进行研究探讨,通过调查道路、公园、小区等空间的绿地植物种类、植物结构与功能,分析植物景观配置现状及植物种间关系,针对其存在问题,提出园林植物景观设计的相关建议。     

城市住宅小区景观绿化施工中的问题与对策

在现代的城市住宅小区建设中,景观绿化建设是其中非常重要的一项内容,对小区的生态环境建设有非常重要的意义,同时也能从根本上提升小区居民的生活环境质量。伴随着社会的进步与发展,人们对于生活环境的质量要求越来越高,而住宅小区的景观绿化工程是提升居民生活环境质量的基础,当前城市住宅小区景观绿化施工中存在不少的问题,需要相关人员去积极探求解决问题的对策。本文针对城市住宅小区景观绿化施工中的问题与对策进行全面的研究。     

南宁市新秀公园植物资源调查分析

对南宁市新秀公园的园林植物资源和绿化现状进行调查分析,以期为城市公园绿化、植物景观营造、园林建设与评估等提供参考依据。结果表明:南宁市新秀公园共有121种园林植物,隶属于57科96属,木本植物(含竹类植物)有89种,占总植物种数的73.55%;其次是草本植物有32种,占总植物种类的26.45%;种类最少的是木质藤本植物有2种,占总植物种类的1.65%。在木本植物中,常绿树种︰落叶树种=69︰13,其园林植物资源以乡土植物为主,体现南亚热带植物风光,有区域特色,但观花植物、常色叶植物和藤本植物种类偏少,植物景观营造受到局限,最后根据调查结果,提出了相关建议。     

东阳市江滨景观带公园绿地植物资源及景观调查分析

本研究对东阳市江滨3处公园进行植物资源现场调查，统计分析园林植物资源。结果发现，本调查区域植物种类共计151种，园林植物与野生植物分别为127种和24种，分别隶属于59科95属和22科25属；生活型中，乔木>灌木>草本>藤本>竹类，观赏特性中，观花、观叶植物占据绝对优势。植物景观营造大多采用乔-灌-草进行层次搭配，但存在植物种类不够丰富、缺乏水生植物的运用、层次欠缺、垂直绿化不足等问题。建议加大乡土植物的运用，科学引种新品种植物；因地制宜应用藤本植物，打造立体绿化景观；增加植物配置层次和植物色彩，强化水生景观。通过分析东阳市江滨景观带公园绿地植物资源及植物景观现状，旨在为该地区园林绿地建设中植物资源及植物景观的营造提供理论和实践参考。     

Woody plant biodiversity explains arthropod pest management interventions in residential landscapes

The woody plant communities found on residential properties constitute an integral component of cities’ green infrastructure and serve as a nexus between urban residents and the natural world. Despite this importance, residential landscapes are infrequently designed with principles of sustainability in mind, resulting in the extensive use of pesticides to suppress a diverse array of plant pests. In this study, we ask whether ecological theory can inform the sustainable design and management of woody plant communities on urban residential properties. The associational resistance and dilution effect hypotheses are analogous hypotheses, which posit that increasing biodiversity can inhibit the abundance of herbivores and pathogens, respectively. Importantly, theory suggests that it might not just be diversity that matters, but the right kind of diversity (i.e., community composition). Previous studies have demonstrated that herbivore abundance can be greater on native plants compared to exotic plants in residential landscapes. However, little is known regarding whether this translates into greater numbers of interventions to reduce damage associated with plant pests on native plants. To test these hypotheses, we utilized a multi-year, commercial plant health care program dataset. We examined, at the residential property scale, the relationships between woody plant diversity, the percentage of plants that were native, and pest management interventions. We found that the number of pest management interventions targeting phytophagous arthropods, but not plant pathogens, was negatively related to woody plant biodiversity. The percentage of native plants on a property had no relationship with the number of pest management interventions that occurred. Consequently, efforts to increase woody plant biodiversity in residential landscapes could result in increased phytophagous arthropod pest suppression, thereby reducing the need for pesticide applications and their associated adverse effects.     

浅析自贡城区自然山水格局对其绿地系统构建的影响

由山体、河流、湖泊所形成的自然山水格局,作为城市绿地的组成部分,是城市绿地网络体系中不可或缺的一分子.简介四川省自贡市自然山水格局及其基本特征.提出在自贡市中心城区绿地系统规划中应归纳形成“一心都市聚茵、两带十字绿轴、三环绿屏交错、四楔绿廊穿插、多园星罗棋布”平面与垂直相结合的立体化绿地系统布局结构.分析自然山水格局对自贡城市绿地系统（城市景观特色,城市生态安全,构建城市绿色开敞空间）的影响.建议在今后的工作中针对不同地形地貌特征进行更加深入的探索研究和实践,以便可以为丘陵山地构建可持续发展的宜居城市提供更多的参考.     

Urban-rural and temporal differences of woody plants and bird species in Harbin city,northeastern China

Urbanization has been greatly accelerated by the economic growth in China, while its possible effects on woody plants, bird species and their associations are not well defined yet. Here, we analyzed urban-rural gradients (landscape level: urban-farmland-forest-natural reserves; city level: ring road and urban build-up history) and temporal data (1955–1980–2014 for woody plants; 1980s–2010 s for birds) in Harbin city, China, to investigate the changes in the composition and diversity of woody plants and birds during urbanization. Both landscape gradient and temporal data confirmed that urbanization had the function of species conservations with sharp increases of alien species and tropical type plants. In the case woody species, 60-yr urbanization in Harbin had induced increases of 9 families and 17 genera, and there were 7–20 more families, 12–35 more genera, 1.6–2.6 higher Margalef richness in urban areas than those in nature reserves and local forest farms; Increases in alien species (4-fold in 60-yr urbanization; 21% in urban area vs <2% for non-urban region) and tropical type plants (1.6-fold in 60-yr urbanization; temperate/tropical ratio at 1.2 in urban area vs >1.6 in non-urban area) were mainly responsible for these compositional changes, which can be proved by their significant correlations. Moreover, moderate disturbance had peak values in alien species, tropical type plants, Shannon-wiener diversity, Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index, and both ring road- and buildup history gradients showed the similar tendency. Compared with those in 1980s, forest- and eurytopic-habitats birds increased 9–11 species (23–39%), and omnivorous, insect-eating, and phytophagous bird increased 5–9 species (14.1–29.4%) in those in 2010s, indicating that bird temporal changes were closely related with the changes in urban forests owing to food supply and habitat provision. Our findings could provide data for biodiversity evaluation of urbanization effects, and is also useful for ecological re-construction of local cities in China.     

贵阳市植物景观规划设计探讨

对贵阳市植物景观现状调查分析，强调在城市总体规划中绿地同其它用地一样重要，植物景观规划应是城市绿地系统规划中重要一项。植物景观设计应遵循科学性与艺术性相结合的基本原则，要注重园林植物的形式美和意境美及体现地方文化特色。指出贵阳市植物景观特色的体现重要的一点就是向自然学习，体现植物的最佳适用性，把使用乡土树种、以乔木为主的植物配置从图纸上落实在建设中，以此推行节约型、生态型、可持续发展的园林绿化。最后列出几种宜于贵阳市的植物配置模式以供参考。     

Interrelationship of birds and habitat features in urban greenspaces in Delhi, India

Biodiversity conservation in urban areas has become significant not only because of increasing human population in urban centers but also because it is one of the innovative ways to conserve biodiversity as suggested by various global environmental conventions. The present study was conducted with the purpose of assessing diversity and density of bird and woody species in some greenspaces of Delhi, the rapidly urbanizing capital of India. The landscape of Delhi consists of a broad spectrum of environments ranging from the city forests to highly modified artificial landscapes in certain parks. We assessed bird and woody vegetation in 20 m×50 m belt transects in each of the 19 randomly selected greenspaces of varying size. Results exhibit a negative relationship between the density of exotic woody species and bird diversity. Specifically, Prosopis juliflora – an exotic, which was the most abundant tree in our samples – exhibited a negative relationship with bird diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals that forest-preferring bird species increase with increasing greenspaces size, shrub diversity and shrub density. We conclude that maintaining larger greenspaces with high structural diversity may be effective in maintaining plant and bird diversity in the study area.     

Urban epiphytes: Bromeliad diversity in a green cover gradient across a Neotropical streetscape

The Neotropical region is undergoing high levels of urban expansion and harbors the greatest diversity of vascular epiphytes globally. In cities, it could be expected that the density of woody vegetation positively predicts epiphyte communities by providing substrate, resources for pollinators, and buffering microclimatic conditions. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding how urbanization intensity affects the diversity of vascular epiphytes. In this study, we assessed the relationship between a woody cover gradient and bromeliad species richness and community composition across a streetscape of the Neotropical city of Xalapa (Mexico). We recorded bromeliads in nine street segments and one peri-urban green space. These sites represent a gradient of woody cover ranging from 10.5% to ∼87% in a 100 m buffer, and 100% in the peri-urban green space. We recorded 824 individuals of 14 species (all from the Tillandsioideae subfamily). The most abundant species was Tillandsia recurvata and the most frequent ones were T. juncea and T. schiedeana. Results show that bromeliad species richness was positively related to the woody cover, as expected. Interestingly, community composition did not associate with the percentage of woody cover. These results suggest that additional factors such as microclimatic conditions and seed availability and/or dispersal may be key modulators on the establishment of bromeliad species. Nevertheless, wooded streets do show potential for harboring diverse bromeliad communities.     

“森林城市”模式与城市绿地园林景观及功能的弱化

“森林城市”的提法导致城市园林绿化建设模式产生一定的偏差，“森林城市”忽视了城市内绿地与城市外绿地功能的诸多差异，甚至导致城市园林绿地丧失其应该体现的园林艺术特征和休闲、游憩、娱乐、健身等综合功能。除生态效益之外，只有强调城市绿地的园林艺术特征和多功能性才能防止城市绿化中过密、过滥的“森林式”的种植模式。正确定位城市中心和城市外围两种不同地域绿地的功能和结构，并以生态的楔形绿地为桥梁是实现城内外绿地相互联系、功能互补的一个有效途径。     

Plant and microbial biodiversity in urban forests and public gardens: Insights for cities’ sustainable development

As the world’s population gets increasingly more urban, the preservation of urban green spaces becomes an important issue in the political agenda worldwide. These spaces may mitigate the negative environmental impacts of urbanisation and improve quality of life. Aiming to increase knowledge in urban biodiversity we compared the diversity of vascular plants and soil microbial communities (fungi and bacteria) in two contrasting typologies of urban green spaces (public gardens and remnant forests) in the city of Coimbra (Portugal). We found 252 taxa of vascular plants of which 58% were native and 42% exotic. Although overall diversity indices were similar in both typologies of green spaces, species richness and percentage cover of native taxa were significantly higher in forests than in gardens. Overall, plant communities in the two typologies of green spaces were distinct. We found high variability among gardens, which is consistent with vegetation in gardens being determined by man rather than by competitive or successional processes. Interestingly, the disparity between gardens and forests was also visible for both bacterial and fungal communities indicating an association between above and below-ground communities. We showed that, due to their origin, remnant forests harbour plant taxa with high conservation and ecological values. It also showed that gardens have higher percentage of exotic species, which led us to conclude that native plant species should be given more emphasis in these spaces. City planners should promote urban development by incorporating an ecological perspective into their management plans to enhance human health and global environmental quality.     

长沙城市公园绿地植物群落基本类型及物种多样性研究

公园是城市园林绿地系统的主体，也是植物群落及其物种多样性最丰富的地方。研究公园植物多样性可为城市生物多样性保护提供依据。根据对长沙市3个公园绿地植物群落的调查，分析和总结了长沙城市公园绿地植物群落组成和基本类型，论述了公园绿地物种多样性特征。