粳稻“龙锦1号/香软米1578” F3家系群糙米矿质元素含量变异及相关性分析

 利用粳稻品种间杂交组合“龙锦1号/香软米1578”的196份F3家系,对糙米中Fe、Se、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na和P等10种矿质元素含量的变异及其相关性进行了分析。 10种矿质元素在F3家系间均有较大的变异,其中Na含量变异最大,Zn含量变异最小,变异系数分别为77.69％和12.04％。各矿质元素含量的变异系数大小顺序为Na>Se>Cu>Fe>Mg>Mn>Ca>P>K>Zn。不同矿质元素含量也有较大的差异,F3家系群各矿质元素含量平均值高低排序为P>K>Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Na>Cu>Se。糙米中10种矿质元素含量在F3家系群中均表现为正态分布,为由多基因控制的数量性状。Zn与Fe、Cu,Mn与Mg、Ca、K、P,Ca与Mg、K、Na、P,Mg与K、P,P与K、Na含量呈显著或极显著正相关,而Fe与Se、Mn与Na、Mg与Na含量呈显著或极显著负相关。Mn、Ca、Mg、K、P含量与其他矿质元素含量间的相关关系较Fe、Se、Cu、Zn含量与其他矿质元素含量间的相关关系更为密切。     

烤烟叶片结构中微量元素含量及分配的差异性研究

为了探明烤烟叶片结构中微量元素分布及含量的差异性,以云烟85为试验材料,测定了C3F烟叶中主脉、一级侧脉和脉间组织的微量元素含量。结果表明:不同土壤类型对微量元素在烤烟叶片结构中的分布及含量有较大影响。不同土壤类型烤烟叶片结构中Cu,Mn,Zn的分布整体表现为:脉间组织>主脉>一级侧脉;各叶片结构中3种微量元素的含量基本表现为:Mn>Zn>Cu,其中Mn和Zn的含量远远大于Cu的含量。     

大豆SOD同工酶的新酶谱型

植物的超氧化物岐化酶分为Mn、Cu和Zn及Fe酶蛋白同工酶。已有的报道表明大豆种子及叶片中只有7—9条同工酶带,其中A区的同工酶属Mn-SOD,一般有1—3条酶带;B区的同工酶为Cu-Zn-SOD,可分离出3条酶带;C区的同工酶为Cu—Zn—SOD,一般有3条同工酶带。我们在分离大豆SOD同工酶时,     

微量元素缺乏与过量对脱毒马铃薯苗生长的影响

采用不完全营养液法研究了微量元素的缺乏与过量对脱毒马铃薯苗生长的影响。采用营养液栽培时,脱毒马铃薯苗对微量元素吸收很少,但营养液中缺乏Fe和Mn会表现出明显的缺素症状,缺乏Cu、Zn、B、Mo无明显的表现;Cu、Mn、Zn、B、Mo等元素过量植株会出现明显的中毒症状,MS营养液中Mn元素需适当降低才能适应脱毒马铃薯苗的液体培养。     

土壤重金属污染对上海青根伸长的抑制效应研究

以上海青种子和3种不同土壤介质为材料,研究重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni单一污染和复合污染对种子发芽率及芽长与根伸长的生态毒性效应。结果表明:同一浓度下,上海青种子发芽率、芽长和根伸长对重金属的生态毒性敏感程度依次为:根伸长>芽长>发芽率;重金属对上海青根生长的生态毒性大小顺序为:Ni>Cu>Zn>Pb;土壤pH与上海青根伸长抑制率的相关性不显著,土壤中有机质和养分对重金属污染有重要的缓冲作用。重金属复合污染对上海青的毒性效应多表现为协同作用。     

仿生包衣装置对大豆发芽与苗期植株性状的影响

为了提高大豆种子的包衣质量,促进包衣种子的发芽与苗期生长,实现苗齐苗壮,增加产量。以黑农48大豆种子为供试材料,对仿生包衣装置处理和现有包衣装置处理的大豆种子进行单因素田间试验,以未包衣大豆种子为对照组CK,仿生包衣装置处理的大豆种子为处理1,现有包衣装置处理的大豆种子为处理2,测定大豆种子发芽情况和苗期植株性状,比较2种包衣装置的包衣效果。结果表明:处理1和处理2的大豆种子发芽指标和苗期植株性状指标均高于对照组CK,处理1较处理2的发芽指数增长20.21%,根鲜重增长11.26%,主根长增长11.15%,且处理1和处理2的发芽指数、根鲜重、主根长差异显著。仿生装置处理较正常包衣处理种子生长状况更好的原因为仿生搅拌叶片更能减少搅拌叶片对大豆种子种皮和胚的损伤,增加大豆包衣的均匀性,进而提高了种子的包衣质量。通过田间试验验证了仿生包衣装置较现有包衣装置在包衣效果上的优越性,研究结果可为包衣设备改进优化提供数据支持和实用参考。     

酸雨胁迫对大豆萌发种子糖代谢影响初探

为探索酸雨影响大豆种子萌发机理,采用模拟酸雨处理大豆种子,研究酸雨对大豆萌发种子糖代谢的影响。结果表明:大豆种子的可溶性糖、还原性糖、蔗糖及淀粉含量,α-淀粉酶和淀粉酶活性均在pH2.0酸雨胁迫下受到抑制而降至最低,4种碳水化合物含量随酸雨胁迫强度的减弱呈上升趋势,α-淀粉酶对酸雨胁迫的敏感性低于淀粉酶,大豆萌发种子糖代谢对酸雨胁迫有较强适应。     

应用ICP-MS法对枇杷果实中痕量元素的研究

以15年生的枇杷果实为试材,采用微波消解法处理样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析测定果实中V、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Se和Mo等9种人体必需痕量元素的质量分数(w)。结果表明,各元素的线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.003~0.126μg/L,相对标准偏差均低于3.00%;枇杷果实中痕量元素含量存在显著差异,其中Mn、Zn和Fe含量丰富,高于10 mg/kg DW;不同品种果实Co、Mo、Se和V等元素的变异系数高于40%;聚类分析结果表明,果实中矿质元素与果实风味品质有明显的相关性。     

甘肃省红粘土营养诊断与玉米平衡施肥研究

温室盆栽与田间试验研究甘肃省临夏积石山红粘土营养状况。结果表明,盆栽红粘土缺N、P、K、S、Cu、Mn和Zn,未表现缺Mo;Fe和B元素充足。减N、P、K、S、Cu、Mn和Zn处理的作物相对产量分别为53.2%、39.5%、89.4%、84.4%、82.5%、83.5%和95.2%。土壤养分亏缺顺序为P>N>Cu>Mn>S>K>Zn;N、P和Zn肥为大田该红粘土主要限制因子,其次为S、Cu和K,土壤中不缺Mo,OPT中氮量适中。与OPT相比,减N、P、Zn和Cu玉米分别减产52.0%、21.2%、22.3%和17.3%,增加N用量产量降低8.4%。推荐施肥配方为N210kg/hm2、P2O5120kg/hm2、K2O60kg/hm2、S90kg/hm2、Cu3.75kg/hm2和Zn1.5kg/hm2。     

钼对茶树体内无机元素含量及分布的影响

用水培、土施和喷施方法,研究了 Mo 对茶树体内无机元素吸收和分布的影响,结果表明,茶树对 Mo 有很强的吸收能力,并积累在叶、根中。土施以盆土表面积每平方厘米50—200μg效果较好,但喷施易造成叶中 Mo 过剩。水培 Mo 处理能有效地提高叶中 B、Na 的含量,促进 K 的吸收,减少体内 S 的含量,P、Ca、Cu、Fe 在茎中积累,Mg、Mn 在叶中有所增加。Mo 对 Al、Zn 含量无影响。施肥方式不同,Mo 效应也有区别,土施 Mo 肥能增加新梢中的大部分元素含量,喷施Mo 肥则使新梢中的大部分元素含量趋于下降。     

种衣剂类型对花生种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

采用室内培养试验,选用不同浓度壳聚糖和不同种类的微量元素（铁、锌、铜、锰）,对花生种子进行包衣处理,明确不同浓度壳聚糖和微量元素种类对花生种子发芽势、发芽率、幼苗生物量、根与子叶残留物质量的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖浓度对花生种子的发芽势和发芽率有影响,其浓度过高过低均降低种子发芽率和发芽势。微量元素对花生种子的发芽率、发芽势和幼苗生物量积累均为促进作用,且效果明显。     

云南橡胶园微量元素含量分析初报

通过对云南橡胶园植胶土壤和橡胶树叶片微量元素含量进行测定和分析，初步拟出云南橡胶树叶片微量元素养分含量的适宜范围，其中铜12．00～13．50mg／kg，锌30．00～40．00mg／kg，铁110．00～170．00mg／kg，锰350．00～600．00mg／kg，硼18．00～35.00mg／kg和钼0．05～0．20mg／kg；同时根据云南胶因微量元素营养水平，建议对不同土壤类型的胶园开展施用钼肥和硼肥的试验研究。     

微量元素对籽粒中大豆异黄酮积累的影响

对两个大豆品种(高异黄酮品种中豆27和普通品种九农20)进行盆栽试验,施用七种微量元素(镁、硼、锰、锌、铜、铁和钼),利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测大豆籽粒的异黄酮含量。结果显示,不同微量元素对大豆籽粒的异黄酮含量影响差异显著,其中五种微量元素(镁、硼、锰、铜和铁)使大豆异黄酮含量增高,但到一定浓度时,则含量下降;锌元素对大豆异黄酮含量的影响随着微量元素含量提高呈下降趋势;钼元素对大豆异黄酮含量的影响随着微量元素含量提高呈增高趋势。微量元素的含量对异黄酮含量的积累影响很大,镁、硼、锰、铜和铁五种微量元素的含量在0.5mmol/L～1.0mmol/L之间异黄酮含量最高。     

Micronutrient Fertilizers

Summary

Micronutrient fertilizer sources are mostly sulfates for Zn, Cu, and Mn, but chelates are the usual Fe source, and borax and sodium molybdate are used for B and Mo, respectively. Soil pH is the soil property that most influences micronutrient availability, and for all but Mo, the higher the soil pH, the lower is the plant availability. For Mo, liming can actually prevent deficiencies. Other soil properties that are important in bioavailability are organic matter content, especially for Cu, oxidation/reduction conditions, especially for Fe and Mn, soil texture, Fe and Al oxide content and soil moisture conditions.     

不同品种枇杷果实微量元素分析及综合评价

本研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定23种枇杷果实中9种微量元素含量,并对果实的外观品质指标进行测定,运用主成分分析、聚类分析方法及结合SPSS 19.0统计软件对测定结果进行综合评价。结果表明：（1）不同品种枇杷果实中微量元素含量顺序均为：Mn>Zn>Fe>Cu>Ni>Co>Mo>Se>V。其中Mn、Fe和Zn 3种微量元素是枇杷果实中主要微量元素,主成分分析筛选出4个主因子,枇杷果肉中Mn、Co、Cu和Se是枇杷的特征微量元素,综合得分较高的前3个品种依次是‘新霄’、‘卓南1号’和‘少核大红袍’。（2）根据微量元素含量将枇杷分为3个类型,即高Zn、Fe含量类型,包括‘木鱼种’、‘小毛枇杷’等共计19个品种;高Cu含量类型,包括‘少核大红袍’和‘湖北二六’;高Mn、Co含量类型,包括‘卓南1号’和‘新霄’。（3）对果实中微量元素之间相关性分析发现,元素Mn和Co、Cu之间表现为极显著性相关,相关系数分别为0.852和0.538;此外元素V和Fe、Zn,元素Co和Cu之间表现出显著相关,元素Ni和Se表现为显著相关。同时对微量元素与果实品质之间做相关性分析表明,Fe与果肉中的可溶性固形物呈极显著相关;元素Cu与果实横径表现为极显著相关。综合分析表明,枇杷中富含Fe、Zn、Mn等有益微量元素,且含有特征微量元素Se。‘新霄’是23个品种中营养价值最高的品种。     

The influence of mist irrigatioin on the potato: III. Nutrient content of leaves

The influence of irrigation method on nutrient content of potato leaves throughout the season was assessed during three years. Low gallonage “mist” irrigation (M), furrow irrigation (F), mist plus furrow (MF), and no irrigation (NI) were compared. Leaf blades and petioles from Kennebec (1967, 1968, 1969) and Irish Cobbler (1968, 1969) plants were analyzed for P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mo, Mn, Cu, B and N. Levels of Mo, Mn, Cu and B did not differ either between treatments or during the season. Leaves from different irrigation methods did not differ consistently in levels of N, K, Mg, Ca or Fe. However, during the latter part of two seasons NI plants contained less P and K and more Fe than M or MF plants. F plants were similar to NI plants in nutrient content except that P was lower in the latter. No matter what the irrigation method, N declined as plants matured. Irrigation treatment did not influence the K or Fe levels of petioles consistently. On several sampling dates MF plants were intermediate. Leaves and petioles of M and MF plants consistently contained more Zn throughout all three seasons than non-irrigated or furrow irrigated plants and, in conctrast to the latter, Zn content did not decline as plants matured.     

肿柄菊的矿质营养元素分析及评价

肿柄菊[Tithonia diversifolia (Hems1.) A. Gray.]原产墨西哥及中美洲地区,被作为观赏及绿肥植物引入我国各地栽培。目前在我国云南等省的热带、南亚热带和中亚热带地区逃逸生长并形成危害。笔者分析了海南、广东、广西、云南、福建等5省区的9份肿柄菊样品中的大量、中量和微量元素,并对其进行有机肥品质评价。结果表明,肿柄菊含有大量的氮、磷、钾等常量元素和丰富的铁、锰、铜、钼、锌、硼等微量元素,符合二级有机肥的标准。     

Influence of zinc concentration in nutrient solution on growth and elemental content of the “Katahdin” potato plant

Hoagland’s solutions containing nine levels of zinc ranging from 0 to 50 ppm were applied as a drench tri-weekly to potato plants (cultivar Katahdin) growing in perlite. Although no deficiency symptoms were observed during the 46-day growing period, varying degrees of toxicity were associated with solution concentrations of 25 ppm Zn and higher. The tissue concentration necessary to induce toxicity symptoms appeared to fall between 648 and 932 ppm Zn, with an indication that growth may be reduced at tissue concentrations less than 648 ppm. Solution concentrations in excess of 20 ppm Zn caused a significant reduction in dry weight of top, root and rhizome portions, and number of secondary rhizomes. Increasing Zn treatment concentrations influenced elemental tissue content as follows: Al, Ca, Mn, Mo and Zn increased, B increased only at 40 ppm Zn or above, N and K decreased and P, Mg and Fe contents were generally decreased by the addition of Zn. Cu content was unaffected.     

Uptake of various trace elements during germination of wheat, buckwheat and quinoa

The practice of sprouting is widely used to improve the nutritional value of grain seeds. Several nutritive factors such as vitamin concentrations and bioavailability of trace elements and minerals increase during germination. The objective of this work was to study the enrichment of various essential trace elements during germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds in order to improve their nutritional role as a source of bioavailable trace elements. Seeds were sprouted either in distilled- or tap-water and in five different electrolyte solutions to investigate the concentration-dependent uptake. The time-dependence was investigated by analyzing aliquots of the sprouts after certain germination periods. Samples were analyzed after freeze drying for their Li, V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Sr, Mo, As and Se concentrations with inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). As a control for possible changes in the biochemical metabolism of the sprouts, the biosynthesis of vitamin C was also determined by using reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC. It was shown that quinoa was the most resistant to the applied electrolyte solutions and had the highest uptake rates for almost all elements, followed by buckwheat and wheat. Greatest increases were observed for Co, Sr, and Li. No significant changes in vitamin C biosynthesis were observed between sprouts grown in different electrolyte solutions. The time-dependent uptake for most elements was characterized by a significant absorption during soaking of the seeds, followed by a lag phase during the first day of germination and an increased uptake during the second and third day. Se and As showed distinctly different uptake behaviors.