不同光照强度对红鳍东方鲀稚鱼摄食的影响

为研究不同光照强度对红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)稚鱼摄食的影响,试验测量了红鳍东方鲀在不同光照强度下的摄食量。结果表明,在400 lx时红鳍东方鲀稚鱼摄食量达到最高,随着光照强度的降低,在1 000～400 lx时,摄食量总体呈现出上升趋势;在400～100 lx时,摄食量呈现出下降趋势。在400 lx时,摄食率和摄食效率均随时间延长逐渐下降;在1 000、700、100 lx时,随着时间的延长摄食率和摄食效率均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,最大值均出现在40 min。     

杂交石斑鱼(褐点石斑鱼♀×清水石斑鱼♂)仔、稚鱼的摄食与生长特性

为阐明人工育苗条件下褐点石斑鱼♀×清水石斑鱼♂杂交子代(简称杂交石斑鱼)仔、稚鱼阶段的摄食与生长变化状况,采用随机取样实验生态学方法,在水温27.5～31°C条件下,对人工培育的杂交石斑鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食及生长进行了研究。结果显示,杂交石斑鱼仔、稚鱼具有较强的摄食能力;仔鱼3日龄开口摄食,摄食发生率为40%,之后的仔、稚鱼摄食发生率均为100%。仔、稚鱼摄食量随体质量的增加而逐渐上升,可用二项方程式表达。消化道饱满系数为0.95%～11.26%。仔、稚鱼在1.5 h内可以饱食,仔鱼对轮虫和桡足类的消化时间分别为0.5～1 h和1～2 h,稚鱼对桡足类成体的消化时间为1.5～3.5 h。杂交石斑鱼仔、稚鱼各阶段的日摄食率分别为49.85%(5日龄)、22.55%(10日龄)和15.72%(24日龄),可将其作为杂交石斑鱼仔、稚鱼日投喂量参考依据。杂交石斑鱼仔、稚鱼摄食具有明显的昼夜节律性,白天摄食,夜间不摄食。5日龄和10日龄仔鱼均出现2个摄食高峰,分别为9:00和18:00;24日龄稚鱼仅在中午12:00出现摄食高峰。3～30日龄的仔、稚鱼平均全长日增长率为7.96%,平均体质量日增重率为28.73%。全长、体质量分别与日龄的关系均可用指数方程表达,体质量(y)与全长(x)的回归方程为y=0.037 3x2.537 8,b值接近3,表明杂交石斑鱼仔、稚鱼为等速生长类型。     

光照、水流和养殖密度对史氏鲟稚鱼摄食、行为和生长的影响

研究了光照强度和周期,水流速度,养殖密度对史氏鲟摄食、生长和行为的影响.光照周期在一定的照度和时间范围内对史氏鲟稚鱼的摄食和生长没有显著影响.水流和养殖密度对史氏鲟的生长有着显著的影响.高水流速度和低养殖密度对史氏鲟的生长有着积极的影响,生长效率、特定生长率和日增重都随流速的增大和养殖密度的降低而增大,条件系数随密度的增大而减小,而净增重随密度的增大而增大,各密度组的史氏鲟稚鱼的生长离散没有加剧.在流速为0.06 m·s-1和0.18 m·s-1范围内,稚鱼的生长效率(GE)与流速(V)之间存在着显著的正相关关系,其关系式为 GE=46.106+142.04V (r=0.5216).特定生长率(SGR)与养殖密度(SD)之间存在着显著的负相关,其关系式为SGR=4.9728-0.4914SD (r=-0.6553).3种环境因子对稚鱼的食欲未有明显影响,但饵料转化率会随养殖密度的增大和流速的降低而显著性增大.史氏鲟稚鱼在照度100～1100 lx之间的趋光率为49.55%,无显著的趋光性;当亮区照度在13 000 lx以上,稚鱼100%避光.处于全黑条件下的稚鱼的体色却普遍变浅,呈灰白色;而另两种光周期条件下的稚鱼体色深黑,全光照条件下的稚鱼体色与自然光周期下的一样.在试验流速范围内,水流刺激还将影响稚鱼的某些行为,在流水环境中稚鱼喜聚集和逆水游动.     

七彩神仙稚鱼对生物饵料的选择性及饥饿试验

本试验主要研究了七彩神仙鱼稚鱼对两种不同生物饵料（卤虫无节幼体和多刺裸腹潘）的选择性，并进行了饥饿处理后再投饵试验。结果表明：当同时投喂两种生物饵料时，多刺裸腹潘为稚鱼的喜好食物，而且稚鱼摄食多刺裸腹潘25min左右可达到饱食状态；饥饿1d不仅对七彩神仙稚鱼存活率没有任何影响，而且它的摄食量提高很快并产生了补偿生长，但饥饿处理2d后七彩神仙稚鱼的生长就受到影响。     

不同光照强度对花鲈幼鱼摄食的影响

研究结果表明，花鲈幼鱼为白昼中照度型鱼类，在10^3-10^0lx范围内，以10^2lx时摄食较好；为准确了解其最适摄食光照强度，进行10^3-10^2lx摄食强度实验，结果为在400lx照度下对蒙古裸腹Sou的摄食强度达最大值。     

高白鲑仔鱼、稚鱼在不同温度条件下的摄食强度试验

通过对高白鲑仔鱼、稚鱼在不同温度条件下的摄食强度试验,探索胚后期发育、温度与摄食活动的关系。仔鱼在10℃,稚鱼在15℃时摄食强度最大,摄食活幼20分钟时为摄食高峰。该项试验为高白鲑苗种培育中确定最适摄食温度及摄食时间提供重要的技术参数。     

达氏鳇稚鱼感觉器官在摄食行为中的作用

通过选择性封闭达氏鳇(Huso dauricus)稚鱼不同感觉器官(包括视觉、嗅觉、触觉、侧线感觉、电感觉、嗅觉+触觉、嗅觉+触觉+电感觉),研究其在达氏鳇稚鱼摄食行为中的作用,旨在为达氏鳇的资源保护和人工培育提供科学依据。实验鱼受精卵采自黑龙江抚远江段,经过开口饲养56 d,随机选择120尾体质健壮的稚鱼用于实验。实验鱼体长为(13.98±1.27)cm,体重为(17.32±4.31)g,在实验开始前暂养适应15 d,实验设计7个实验组和1个对照组。实验持续12 d,期间水温维持在25.2~27.5℃;1 h摄食实验显示,封闭视觉、侧线感觉或触须后稚鱼的摄食量与正常稚鱼(对照组)无显著性差异(P0.05)。结果表明,封闭嗅觉、嗅觉+触须、电感觉、电感觉+嗅觉+触觉时,平均每尾达氏鳇稚鱼摄食量分别为正常水平的69.1%、63.0%、54.3%与43.9%,且差异显著(P0.05),说明电感觉和嗅觉在达氏鳇稚鱼期的摄食中起重要作用;延长摄食实验时间时,达氏鳇稚鱼可能产生了摄食定势与习惯,电感觉和嗅觉的摄食作用并不明显。     

不同盐度条件下饥饿及恢复摄食鲈稚鱼脂肪酸的组成

采用气相色谱法测定和分析了15.00、7.50及淡水3个盐度条件下鲈稚鱼在饥饿时及其恢复摄食后的脂肪酸变化。结果显示,在3个盐度条件下,饥饿的鲈稚鱼均首先消耗饱和脂肪酸,随后才会消耗不饱和脂肪酸;恢复摄食后的鲈稚鱼,其不饱和脂肪酸也优先得到补充。在3个盐度条件下,以淡水组饥饿稚鱼的多不饱和脂肪酸的消耗量最大,但在恢复摄食后,其EPA、DHA的含量又为最高,这可能与不同盐度条件下鲈稚鱼的生物转化能力不同有关。     

投喂卤虫无节幼体条件下黄颡鱼仔稚鱼生长、存活率、摄食力和体成分的变化

试验分析了投喂卤虫无节幼体条件下黄颡鱼(Pseudogrus fulvidraco)仔稚鱼生长、存活率、摄食力和体成分的变化。随着仔稚鱼的生长和发育,摄食率和胃充塞度逐渐加大,体长大于10 mm的仔鱼,摄食率都在93.3%以上,大多数个体胃充塞度都在3～5级。投喂卤虫无节幼体的黄颡鱼仔稚鱼生长较传统育苗方式生长快,存活率高。体内粗养分、氨基酸与脂肪酸含量都发生相应变化。黄颡鱼淀粉酶、蛋白酶与脂肪酶活性均在1日龄时即可检测到,开口期即5日龄时,3种消化酶比活力均达到较高值,15日龄后消化酶比活力又都降低到较低水平。卤虫无节幼体体内营养物质含量丰富,大小适口,是黄颡鱼仔稚鱼开口摄食的优质生物饵料。     

黑点青鳉的生长和摄食行为发育

针对黑点青鳉实验室养殖成活率低的问题,对其摄食行为发育进行研究,了解其早期阶段的摄食行为发育状况,为人工养殖提供理论依据。通过单摄像机结合镜面成像的方法,对黑点青鳉胚后发育阶段90 d摄食行为的观察与分析,研究了投喂卤虫无节幼体条件下黑点青鳉的生长特征和摄食行为发育。结果显示,幼体体长平均生长率为2.579%/d,体长与日龄间关系为y=3.132+0.383x-0.004x^2+0.00003x^3,R^2=0.98。通过各项摄食行为指标将其幼体生长发育分为3期6个阶段:仔鱼期(0~10 d)分为前仔鱼期(0~4 d)和后仔鱼期(5~10 d),稚鱼期(11~30 d)分为前稚鱼期(11~18 d)、中稚鱼期(19~24 d)和后稚鱼期(25~30 d),幼鱼期(31~65 d)。黑点青鳉幼体出膜4 d后开始投喂初孵卤虫,至10 d所有鱼苗均能捕食。黑点青鳉仔鱼期幼体死亡率较高,但摄食能力稳步提升,至该期末,摄食成功率提升至45%~55%,摄食效率达0.5~0.6个/min;稚鱼期幼体的各项摄食指标均有大幅度提升,对饵料的响应时间不断缩短,摄食速率提高,响应距离也逐渐增长,摄食量增大,摄食成功率已提升至90%~95%;幼鱼期各项摄食指标已接近成鱼,摄食效率达9个/min以上,摄食功能已趋于完善。研究表明,黑点青鳉在仔鱼期对卤虫无节幼体的响应距离短、摄食速率低下,摄食成功率与摄食效率均处于较低水平,随着其自身的发育以及摄食能力的稳定提升,摄食成功率和摄食效率逐步提高,成活率趋于稳定。养殖期间,通过密切注意黑点青鳉的摄食行为变化,改变投喂的数量和频次,使更多的仔鱼尽快过渡到稚鱼期,可能是提高养殖成活率的一条有效途径。     

光照强度对人工养殖的山女鳟幼鱼生长性能的影响

在水温12.1～13.9°C下和直径80 cm、高60 cm,水深40 cm的圆形选育缸中研究了不同光照强度(1200lx、600 lx和300 lx)对平均体质量为10.10±0.8g的山女鳟(Oncorhynchus masou masou)幼鱼生长和存活的影响。结果表明,光照强度显著影响山女鳟幼鱼特定生长率(SGR)、肥满度(CF)和变异系数(CV)(P<0.01),高光照强度组SGR和CF值显著高于两个低光照强度组,而CV值则是高光照强度组显著低于两个低光照强度组;高光照强度组摄食率(FI)明显高于两个低光照强度组。实验表明,适度增强光照强度有利于山女鳟幼鱼的生长,这对于优化山女鳟幼鱼培育条件具有指导意义。     

Effects of light intensity on larval development and juvenile growth of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The growth rate, survival rate, development and setting rate of larval sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were measured under four light intensities (0, 50, 500 and 2,000 lx), and the growth rate and metabolism of the juvenile sea cucumbers were investigated under four light intensity treatments (0, 100, 1,000 and 2,500 lx). The light requirements (i.e. intensity) of the sea cucumber changed as they grew. Better growth performance, development and survival rate were observed in embryos and larvae under 500 lx treatment. However, reduced light intensity (50 lx) increased the settlement rate of the larvae. The highest specific growth rate occurred in juvenile sea cucumbers under 1,000 lx. The sea cucumbers in this group also had the lowest oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate, but the highest O:N ratio, indicating that the optimal light intensity for the juvenile sea cucumber culture was 1,000 lx. Therefore, appropriate light intensities were suggested to provide larval and juvenile sea cucumbers with better growth and development conditions.     

The effect of light intensity on growth of juvenile dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel 1843)

South African juvenile dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus are more abundant in turbid estuaries than in clear marine‐dominated estuaries. Turbidity can reduce light penetration into the water and create an environment different from that experienced by fish under culture conditions in mechanically filtered clear water. In order to optimize rearing conditions of this species, the effects of light intensity (23–315 lx) and feeding method (restricted ration vs. feeding to apparent satiation) on growth and food conversion ratio (FCR) of juvenile A. japonicus were assessed in a 56‐day growth trial. Fish weight increased from 7.2±1.6 to 41.9±10.2 g fish^?1 at a growth rate of 3.25% body weight day^?1. Light intensity did not significantly affect growth or FCR. Feeding method did not significantly affect growth rate, but average FCR was significantly better in treatments fed a ration of 3.6% body weight day^?1 than in treatments fed to apparent satiation. Therefore, a light intensity range of 23–315 lx can be used to culture dusky kob juveniles. The better FCR in fish fed a restricted ration suggests that a ration of 3.6% body mass day^?1 allowed good growth of juvenile dusky kob.     

光照对黄盖鲽仔鱼生长_发育及摄食的影响

光照对黄盖鲽仔鱼的生长、发育及摄食有显著影响,各组仔鱼的体长与体高在２０日时均产生极显著的差异;Ｄｕｎｃａｎ多范围检验表明：４０－６０ｌｘ光照度下仔鱼生长最好;在４０－７０００ｌｘ范围内随光照度的增强,生长则变差,存活率下降,畸形个体增加,暗条件下及３－６ｌｘ条件下的仔鱼在１２日龄时全部因饥饰物而死亡。在卵黄囊期的各组仔鱼不受外界环境影响,生长情况近似。４０－７０００ｌｘ光照度之间的５且在４日龄至     

Effects of light intensity on husbandry parameters,digestive enzymes and whole‐body composition of juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial sea water

To provide a specific lighting system to aquaculture, a completely randomized design with five light treatments with three replicates was used to investigate effects of light intensity on juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial sea water. The weight gain rate (WG, %), specific growth rate (SGR % day^?1), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate (S, %) were significantly higher at the 320–1150‐lx treatments (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the other treatments, but the highest food conversion ratio (FCR) was at the 0‐lx treatment and the lowest at 600–1150 lx. Total protease, amylase and lipase activities in liver, stomach and intestine were significantly higher at 320–1150‐lx conditions and significantly lower at 0 lx (P ≤ 0.05) than in the other treatments. The highest contents of crude protein and crude lipid were observed at 600–1150 lx and 320–550 lx respectively. However, both moisture and ash were highest at 0 lx and lowest at 600–1150 lx. The results indicated that light intensity could significantly affect husbandry parameters, digestive enzymes and whole‐body composition of juvenile E. coioides, with optimal light intensity being at 600–1150 lx.     

光照强度对九孔鲍幼虫及幼鲍生长存活的影响

在自然光周期下，分别在高温长光照和低温短光照的两个节季节，采用控制光照强度的方法进行对九孔鲍幼虫及幼鲍50d左右培育的小型试验。结果表明，光照强度对附着基上摄食微藻的幼虫及幼鲍生长和存活等有重要的影响。对幼虫及幼鲍最适宜的光照强度，在高温长光照下为700－1200lx，在低温短光照下为1300－2000lx。选用适宜的光照强度在高温长光照和低温短光照下先后进行了3次经量育苗试验，获得了与小型试验相同的结果。     

Effects of light intensity on daily activity rhythm of juvenile sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

Eight light‐intensity treatments (natural light, continuous darkness, and 15, 30, 60, 125, 250 and 500 lx under LD 12:12 cycle) were used to investigate the effects of light intensity on the daily activity of 30.27±3.08 g sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Cyclic nocturnal activity patterns of behaviour were observed at different light intensities in the range of 15–500 lx under LD 12:12 cycle. And an ongoing nocturnal cycle persisted in DD cycle for up to 8 days, but longer feeding time and less marked rhythm occurred at continuous darkness. Under poor light conditions (I<5.18 lx), the daily activity rhythm of A. japonicus was governed by an innate biological clock and the effect of light intensity was not significant among different treatments. And more individuals tended to retreat to shelters (from 56.04% to 91.83%) with the increase of light intensity within the weak light condition (from 5.18 to 278 lx). However, the daily behaviours of A. japonicus were influenced under strong light conditions (>278 lx). Less than 8.17% individuals kept actively feeding and the proportion was not decreased with the increase of light intensity.     

光照强度对紫海胆浮游幼体生长及消化酶活性的影响

本研究以紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina)为研究对象,通过水槽实验方法,模拟分析了自然光周期条件下光照强度对紫海胆浮游幼体生长、存活以及体内消化酶活性的影响,旨在为紫海胆苗种的规模化繁育提供必要的生物学参数。研究发现,在实验设计的光照强度梯度(0、500、1000、2000、3000 lx)内,光照强度对紫海胆浮游幼体的体长、躯干部骨针长度和口后腕骨针长度的影响趋势一致,影响程度由高到低为500 lx>0 lx>1000 lx>2000 lx>3000 lx。在500 lx条件下,紫海胆浮游幼体的体长、躯干部骨针长度和口后腕骨针长度都达到最高,且显著优于其他实验组(P<0.05),此时脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性最强;在2000 lx条件下,紫海胆的胃蛋白酶活性最强;在3000 lx条件下,紫海胆浮游幼体发育到11 d已全部死亡。研究表明,在500 lx光照强度下,紫海胆浮游幼体可保持最佳的生长速度、消化酶活性以及存活率,500 lx为紫海胆浮游幼体生长发育的最佳光照强度。     

Effects of salinity, aeration and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, growth and survival of early-stage grouper Epinephelus coioides larvae

ABSTRACT: A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effects of salinity, aeration and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, and growth and survival of early-stage Epinephelus coioides larvae. Newly hatched larvae were transferred to 40-L aquaria at a density of 1500 individuals/aquarium. Larvae were exposed to different levels of aeration (0 mL/min per L, 0.62 mL/min per L, 1.25 mL/min per L, 2.50 mL/min per L, or 3.75 mL/min per L); salinity (8 ppt, 16 ppt, 24 ppt, 32 ppt, or 40 ppt); and light intensity (0 lx, 120 lx, 230 lx, 500 lx, or 700 lx) for 4–6 days. Twenty larvae were sampled daily at 11:00 hours to measure for total length (TL), oil globule volume, and feeding incidence. Survival rates were determined by counting the total number of larvae remaining in each aquarium at the end of the experiment. Significantly higher survival rates ( P   <  0.05) were observed at aeration levels of 0.62 mL/min per L and 1.25 mL/min per L, at salinity levels of 16 ppt and 24 ppt, and at light intensities of 500 lx and 700 lx. The influence of aeration level, salinity and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, and growth and survival of early-stage grouper larvae are discussed.