高产优质转基因杂交棉江农棉2号的选育与栽培技术

江农棉2号是利用杂种优势选育出的高产优质转基因抗虫杂交棉新品种，本文简要介绍了江农棉2号的选育过程、生物学特性、产量、纤维品质、抗病性及栽培技术要点。     

杂交棉江农棉2号在赣北地区高产示范表现及栽培要点

2018年在赣北地区采取营养钵育苗移栽方式,对转基因抗虫杂交棉新品种江农棉2号进行高产示范种植。结果表明,江农棉2号大田综合表现突出,实收籽棉产量为5379 kg/hm~2,皮棉产量为2264.55 kg/hm~2。并结合示范实践总结出该品种在赣北地区高产栽培要点。     

江农早2号A的选育经过及配制组合表现

江农早２号是江农早１号的姐妹系。由ＩＲ６６１×古１５４后代复粒稻自然串粉选育而 成。 １９８５年早季从江农早 １号保持系中选出１１个变异单株， １９８６年定型后与江农早１号Ａ测交， 经４季加代回交，于１９８８年稳定。该不育系与Ｖ２０Ａ熟期期同，单株有效穗８．６个，穗平９６粒，包颈 轻，柱头发达外露，异交率一般达６５％，米质优良。配制的系列组合比珍汕９７Ａ和Ｖ２０Ａ所配组 合优质高严。     

中生棉4号的选育及栽培技术

中生棉4号在河南省植棉区春播生育期109 d，株高111.2 cm，株型松散，茎秆粗壮，长势强，Ⅱ式果枝，高抗枯萎病，耐黄萎病，抗棉铃虫。2年区域试验平均结果显示，中生棉4号666.7 m²籽棉、皮棉和霜前皮棉产量分别为272.7 kg、113.3 kg和106.8 kg。介绍了中生棉4号的选育过程、特征特性及田间栽培技术要点。     

棉花麦后直播品种生产力比较研究

2016年选用5个品种（系）在襄阳进行了大田比较试验。结果表明，棉花品种冈早棉0379实收籽棉、皮棉产量最高，分别为3306.1 kg·hm^－2和1503.5 kg·hm^－2，其单位面积铃数显著高于其他品种，生殖生长量较大；鄂杂棉10号铃重最高，籽棉产量与冈早棉0379相当，但单位面积成铃数和皮棉产量不及前者。在株型上，华惠15、冈早棉0379与鄂杂棉10号主茎叶片数和绿叶数较多，冈早棉0379果枝平均最长，鄂杂棉30最短。鄂杂棉30纤维品质较优。从产量的角度考虑，冈早棉0379是目前鄂北棉区比较理想的麦后直播棉花。     

江苏沿海地区转Bt基因棉及其生态与经济效益

1　Bt棉种植现状与表现1 .1　品种。 1 995年本植棉区引种了中棉所 2 9试验、示范。 1 996～ 1 999年在射阳县棉花原种场开展了转 Bt基因棉的品比试验和常规治虫与少治虫的试验。具体品种有转 Bt基因棉苏抗 6号、转 Bt基因棉泗棉 3号、中棉所 3 0、R— 6 8、省抗 1 0 3、省抗 1 0 1、省抗 3 0 1、盐抗 1 2 0 5、盐抗 1 2 1 1、中棉所 2 9、中抗杂2号、山东 951 3、黄杂 1号、黄杂 2号、惠抗 2号、新棉 3 3 B等 1 0多个品种 ,其中以中棉所 2 9为代表的抗虫杂交棉的应用速度最快、面积最大。1 .2　分布与面积。起初本地区的抗虫杂交棉主要…     

冈杂棉10号丰产性和适应性以及产量构成要素分析

为全面了解冈杂棉10号的选育过程及其在长江流域不同生态区域的高产稳产性、适应性和产量构成因素相关性，依据2018―2019年长江流域国家棉花品种区域试验和生产试验的产量数据汇总资料，采用多重比较（邓肯多重范围检验）、变异系数、高稳系数、环境指数和产量的回归系数及坐标曲线、适应度、相关系数等对试验数据进行分析。结果显示：冈杂棉10号2年区域试验平均666.7 m2皮棉产量为122.3 kg，比对照GK39增产13.3%，差异达极显著水平，表现出高产特性；变异系数分析发现冈杂棉10号属于高产但稳产性一般的品种，但冈杂棉10号的2年区域试验高稳系数分别为83.76%和86.90%，较同组区试品种相对较大，说明冈杂棉10号具有很好的丰产性，且兼顾稳产性；环境系数和产量的回归分析中，2年的回归系数分别为1.10和1.18，但回归线位于群体平均线上方，适应度平均为81.25%，说明其对不同环境的适应性较好；相关分析表明，冈杂棉10号的皮棉产量受总成铃数的影响最大。综上，棉花品种冈杂棉10号具有丰产性，兼具稳产性，能较好地适应不同的环境。因此，该品种在审定区域内具有较高的推广应用价值。     

早熟陆地棉品种新塔棉4号

新塔棉4号于2022年通过新疆维吾尔自治区审定。新塔棉4号全生育期129 d左右，果枝为Ⅱ式，单株结铃6.45个，铃重5.85 g，衣分42.10%，霜前花率96.60%。抗枯萎病，感黄萎病，纤维品质达到国家棉花品种审定Ⅱ型标准；2018―2019年2年区域试验平均每公顷籽棉、皮棉和霜前皮棉产量分别为5 708.3 kg、2 409.7 kg和2 330.4 kg。基于新塔棉4号在新疆维吾尔自治区早中熟陆地棉区域试验和生产试验中的表现，介绍了其选育过程、特征特性及栽培要点。     

泗棉3号品种特性探讨

泗棉３号品种特性探讨陈齐炼（江西都昌县棉办３３２６００）１９９４年我们在北炎乡松林村设立了泅棉３号与泗棉２号品比试验点，对泗棉３号品种待性进行了系统、详细的观察记载。现将结果整理如下：１生育期及生育进程泗棉３号品种和对照品种泗棉２号，均于４月１５日播...     

湖南棉花纤维品质浅析

1品种结构 湖南省棉花产地集中在洞庭湖平原的常德、益阳、岳阳三市,常年面积在13万公顷左右,占全省棉花种植面积的90%～95%.2002年主栽品种以湘杂棉2号和农杂62为主,2003年以湘杂棉2号、湘杂棉3号、湘杂棉4号和农杂62、南农98-4等5个品种为主,2004年以湘杂棉2号、湘杂棉3号、湘杂棉4号、湘杂棉5号和农杂62、中棉所48(原中杂3号)等6个品种为主.品种由杂交高产型逐渐向抗虫杂交型转变,实现了品种质的飞跃.品种多样化使得棉农有选择的余地,也促进了各育种单位的竞争,为品种的不断优化提供了舞台.但是,品种多样化必然带来品种杂乱局面,带来地方保护主义,区域利益化的矛盾将更加突出.     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。     

白砂糖干燥与冷却机理及影响

砂糖的含水量、装包温度和仓储条件对其贮存保质具有重要影响。本文从白砂糖的含水分特性、干燥机理和生产过程环节等对白砂糖干燥与冷却的影响进行深入分析。由于结晶过程的包裹现象,砂糖含水分可分为表面和内部水分,白砂糖干燥过程只能去除前者。生产过程中煮糖、分蜜操作对内部水分含量有影响。贮存过程的内部水分的扩散是砂糖降质的根本原因,而装包温度和贮存条件是影响内部水分扩散的外在条件。