高山森林林窗对凋落物分解过程中水溶性氮和磷的影响

采用凋落物分解袋法,以川西高山森林典型乔木(四川红杉Larix mastersiana、岷江冷杉Abies faxoniana、红桦Betula albo-sinensis和方枝柏Sabina saltuaria)和灌木(高山杜鹃Rhododendron lapponicum和康定柳Salix paraplesia)凋落物为研究对象,研究林窗中心-林下不同生境(林窗中心、林冠林缘、扩展林缘和林下)在第1年分解的不同关键时期(雪被形成期、雪被覆盖期、雪被融化期和生长季节)凋落物水溶性氮和磷的动态特征。结果表明:经过1年的分解,6树种凋落物水溶性氮含量表现为在冬季降低,但是在生长季节显著增加的变化趋势,而水溶性磷含量总体上呈现降低的变化趋势。相对于林窗中心,雪被形成期凋落物水溶性氮含量在扩展林缘和林下显著增加,但雪被覆盖期水溶性氮和磷含量均在林窗中心达到最大值。尽管凋落物水溶性氮含量在雪被融化期达到整个时期同一林窗生境下的最低值,但凋落物水溶性磷含量从林窗中心到林下逐渐降低。生长季节6树种凋落物水溶性氮含量显著增加,甚至高于初始含量,但水溶性磷含量持续降低,且水溶性氮和磷在林窗中心和林冠林缘含量较大。相关分析表明,高山森林凋落物分解第1年水溶性氮含量与正积温和冻融循环次数均呈显著负相关,而水溶性磷含量与日均温、正积温和负积温均呈显著负相关,与冻融循环次数均呈显著正相关,同时物种显著影响凋落物分解过程中水溶性氮和磷含量。这些结果表明,气候变暖情景下高山森林冬季林内雪被厚度降低,将显著影响雪被形成期和覆盖期凋落物水溶性氮和磷分解,进而影响生长季节凋落物分解。     

广西喀斯特次生林地表碳库和养分库特征及季节动态

以自然保护区原生林为对照,调查了广西喀斯特区处于同一次生演替序列中的灌丛、藤刺灌丛、乔灌丛3个群落的地表凋落物存量,同时对凋落物层和土壤表层(0-5 cm)的有机碳,全氮、磷、钾等养分元素的含量、贮量状态及其雨季前后的变化进行了研究.结果表明:地表凋落物存量及有机碳、全氮贮量随演替阶段上升均呈增高趋势;除全磷外,土壤的有机碳和养分元素含量与凋落物层贮量相关性显著(p<0.05);雨季期间,凋落物迅速分解,地表凋落物的分解量要大于当季凋落量,并且次生林的凋落物分解与养分释放量显著高于原生林;雨季后,各群落有机碳和养分的凋落物层贮量以及土壤含量均有所降低.其中凋落物层贮量下降显著的是藤刺灌丛与乔灌丛.土壤养分含量则在灌丛与原生林阶段下降更为明显.在从灌丛向顶级群落演替的进程中,森林的自养能力可能存在一个先增高再降低的过程.     

长期氮沉降和地上凋落物处理对半干旱区沙质草地表层土壤碳氮组分的影响

为揭示半干旱区沙质草地生态系统中表层土壤C、N组分对长期氮添加和地上凋落物处理的响应特征,以科尔沁沙地西南部国家野外科学观测研究站建立的长期(9年)氮添加和凋落物处理样地为平台,测定并分析该样地表层土壤环境因子、铵态氮、硝态氮、总有机碳、不同碳氮组分。结果表明:(1)持续9年的氮添加和地上凋落物处理对表层土壤环境因子和不同碳氮组分无交互作用;(2)氮添加处理显著降低土壤pH(p<0.01),增加土壤中硝态氮的含量(p<0.05),其增长幅度为37.57%,并显著增加溶解性有机氮(DON)和易变活性氮(LON)的含量(p<0.01,p<0.05);(3)地上凋落物去除显著降低土壤总有机碳(TOC)、易变缓性碳(IOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)和微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量(p<0.05);(4)经过9年氮添加和地上凋落物处理,半干旱区沙质草地表层土壤中不同碳氮组分与土壤环境因子间相关性并不密切。即长期氮添加和地上凋落物处理会改变表层土壤不同碳、氮组分的含量,但并未显著改变各碳、氮组分的比值。研究结果为揭示长期氮添加和地上凋落物处理对半干旱区沙质草地土壤C、N贮存和预测未来土壤生物地球化学元素动态研究提供参考资料。     

氮添加对滇中高原森林凋落物养分残留及其持水性的影响

为揭示森林生态系统养分循环和水分循环对氮沉降的响应机制,以滇中高原华山松(Pinus armandii)和云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)为研究对象,开展野外氮添加下凋落叶、枝原位分解研究试验,设置对照、低氮、中氮和高氮共4个处理,利用尼龙网袋法和室内浸泡法,探究凋落叶、枝养分元素残留率、持水量和持水率及吸水速率对氮添加的响应。结果表明:(1)随着分解时间的持续,2种林分凋落叶、枝碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)分别呈释放、富集—释放、富集过程,凋落叶C、N、P残留率显著小于凋落枝(p＜0.05);(2)凋落叶最大持水量和最大吸水速率显著大于凋落枝(p＜0.05),分解24个月时,与CK相比,LN处理下2种林分凋落叶、枝C,华山松凋落叶N残留率降低1.98%~7.27%,10.79%,HN处理下2种林分凋落叶、枝C,华山松凋落叶、枝和云南松凋落枝N,华山松凋落枝P残留率则增加4.26%~9.08%,11.94%~44.51%,42.42%;(3)分解24个月时,与CK相比,LN、MN和HN处理华山松凋落叶、枝和云南松凋落叶最大持水量和最大吸水速率分别降低11.44%~25.24%,5.81%~32.23%,云南松凋落枝则增加15.48%~24.26%,17.97%~23.74%。 (4)2种林分凋落叶、枝持水量随浸泡时间延长而增加,而吸水速率则为降低,持水量与浸泡时间的关系均呈对数函数关系(m=a+bln t),吸水速率与浸泡时间的关系呈幂函数关系(v=at^-b)。(5)C与云南松凋落枝持水性呈正相关关系(p＜0.05),N与华山松凋落枝、P与华山松和云南松凋落叶持水性呈负相关关系(p＜0.05)。综上,氮添加通过改变凋落物分解过程中C、N、P养分元素残留特征进而影响其持水性。     

凋落叶和磷添加对马尾松林土壤碳激发效应的影响*

探究土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化的激发效应(Priming effect, PE)对了解森林土壤碳吸存具有重要意义。凋落叶输入是调节激发效应的重要因素,其对激发效应的影响可能受到关键养分(如磷)的制约。在亚热带低磷土壤中,凋落叶和磷添加如何影响森林土壤碳矿化和激发效应目前仍不清楚。以马尾松林土壤为研究对象,探究三种凋落叶(马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、火力楠(Michelia macclurei)和枫香(Liquidambar formosana))和磷(KH2PO4)添加对土壤激发效应,土壤养分及微生物特性的影响。结果表明,三种凋落叶添加均显著增加了SOC矿化,产生了正激发效应,且马尾松凋落叶诱导的激发效应强度最大,火力楠凋落叶次之,枫香凋落叶诱导的激发最弱。此外,凋落叶添加整体上降低了速效氮 (AN)的含量,却增加了微生物生物量氮(MBN)和微生物生物量磷(MBP)的含量,提高了β-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性。单独添加磷显著增加了SOC矿化,且提高了土壤有效磷(AP)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和微生物生物量碳(MBC)、MBN和MBP的含量。而与单独添加凋落叶相比,火力楠和枫香凋落叶与磷共同添加显著降低了土壤激发效应的强度和ACP的活性。回归分析结果表明,累积激发效应与AP、MBN和MBP含量显著负相关,与ACP活性呈显著正相关。综上,凋落叶添加刺激了微生物生长,产生了正激发效应,且激发强度与凋落叶质量有关;而磷添加可能会降低低质量凋落叶产生的土壤激发效应。     

西藏原始暗针叶林凋落物有机碳释放特征与土壤有机碳库关系研究

结合野外凋落物分解袋法和室内分析试验,对藏东南2种典型暗针叶林—急尖长苞冷杉(Abies georgei var.Smithii)和林芝云杉(Picea likiangensis var.linzhiensis)凋落物的分解和有机碳释放特征进行研究,分析了2种亚高山暗针叶林凋落物有机碳释放速率与土壤有机碳及其组分之间的关系。结果表明:藏东南2种原始暗针叶林凋落物分解均呈现出雨季分解快(4—9月)、旱季分解慢(10—翌年3月),前期分解快(3—9月)、后期分解慢(10—翌年2月)的特征,且冷杉(PLLF)分解速率大于云杉(AGSF),Olson指数衰减模型能够较好地模拟2种暗针叶林凋落物的分解,冷杉(PLLF)和云杉(AGSF)凋落物半分解时间为2.11,2.52年;分解95%时间为8.96,10.84年;2种暗针叶林凋落物中有机碳含量表现出先上升后下降,再平稳降低的趋势,而2种暗针叶林凋落物中有机碳释放速率表现出先短暂富集再释放的模式;2种暗针叶林土壤总有机碳(TOC)及其活性组分(MBC、POC、LOC)含量都具有明显的表聚性(p<0.01),且同一土壤层次内TOC、MBC、POC、LOC互相之间均呈极显著正相关关系(p<0.01);2种暗针叶林凋落物分解进程中有机碳的释放速率与表层土(0—10 cm)中TOC、MBC、POC、LOC含量、10—20 cm土层中的TOC、MBC含量以及20—40 cm土层中MBC含量之间呈现显著的正相关(p<0.05)。     

甘肃省兴隆山森林主要树种凋落叶分解速率与初始质量的关系

[目的]开展凋落叶分解速率研究,探讨凋落叶分解速率与初始质量的关系,为甘肃省兴隆山森林生态系统物质循环研究提供依据。[方法]采用凋落物分解袋法,以兴隆山青杄、山杨和白桦3种主要树种的凋落叶为研究对象,进行凋落叶分解速率及凋落叶初始质量的研究,明确凋落叶分解速率与初始质量的关系。[结果]青杄中龄林针叶分解速率为0.16,95%分解期为19.08a;青杄近熟林针叶分解速率为0.13,95%分解期为23.70a;山杨和白桦凋落叶分解速率均为0.11,95%分解期分别为28.57a和27.27a;山杨和白桦凋落叶分解速率明显要小于青杄针叶,这很可能是凋落叶分解主场效应和分解袋孔径较小所致。凋落叶分解速率与氮含量呈显著线性正相关,与木质素含量、碳/氮值、木质素/氮值和钾含量呈显著线性负相关,特别是与木质素含量、氮含量和木质素/氮值,相关系数均达0.700 0以上;钾含量、木质素含量、木质素/氮、碳/磷和纤维素含量是影响兴隆山森林凋落叶分解速率的重要指标。[结论]木质素/氮值是影响凋落叶分解速率的关键质量指标,凋落叶初始木质素/氮值越高,分解速率越低。     

沙漠化过程对植物凋落物分解的影响

应用分解袋法测定分析了沙漠化过程对凋落物分解及碳氮释放的影响。结果表明,潜在、轻度、中度、重度和严重沙漠化沙地土壤中的凋落物经过110d的分解后,干物质残留率分别为38.5%,40.8%,45.2%,55.6%和58.8%,C残留率分别为37.1%,36.6%,41.4%,53.6%和51.1%,N残留率分别为43.8%,47.6%,54.2%,59.4%和58.9%。说明随着沙漠化程度的增加,凋落物的干物质失重率降低,分解速率减小,C、N释放速率减缓。分解过程中,凋落物在各生境土壤中C的释放速率明显快于N;C含量变化趋势为先下降后略有上升,但总体低于初始C含量;N含量总体表现为上升的趋势。     

不同生境条件下西藏原始冷杉林凋落物分解特征与土壤养分的关系

[目的]研究不同生境条件下(林内、林外、林缘)藏东南急尖长苞冷杉林(Abies georgei var.smithii)凋落物分解特征与土壤养分特征之间的关系,为深入了解高寒高山森林生态系统物质循环过程提供依据。[方法]采用野外分解袋法和室内分析相结合,在林内、林外、林缘3种不同生境条件下对藏东南急尖长苞冷杉林凋落物进行了原位分解试验。[结果]分解速率总体上呈现出:林内林缘林外的特点,逐月分解率的变异系数表现为:林内(34.83%)林缘(57.35%)林外(72.09%);Olson指数衰减模型的模拟结果显示不同生境条件下(林内、林缘、林外)凋落物分解50%需要的时间为2.11,2.52,2.34 a,分解95%需要的时间为8.96,10.01,10.84 a;3种不同生境土壤养分在空间上差异显著,林内生境中与凋落物分解速率呈现极显著相关的土壤养分因子有土壤总有机碳(TOC)含量、N含量、土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)含量、土壤微生物量氮(SMBN)含量以及W_C∶W_N值;林外、林缘生境中与凋落物分解速率相关性最大的为土壤TOC含量,其次为W_C∶W_N值。[结论]生境条件的差异对凋落物分解速率有显著影响,在不同的生境条件下对凋落物分解影响起主导作用的土壤养分因素不同,凋落物—土壤生物地化循环紧密联系,相互作用关系复杂,生境作用效应突出。     

杉木和米槠人工林土壤可溶性碳组分动态及其对凋落叶输入的响应

可溶性碳组分是土壤有机碳库中最活跃的部分,作为土壤碳周转初期变化的敏感指标,其含量受到凋落叶等植物残体输入、森林类型及季节性水热变化的共同调节。采用土壤原位培养法,以亚热带米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)人工林与杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林为对象,分析生长季内土壤可溶性碳(DOC)与热水溶性碳(HWSC)含量动态变化及其对凋落叶输入的响应趋势。结果表明,凋落叶输入、森林类型和培养月份均极显著影响土壤可溶性碳组分含量(p<0.001)。杉木人工林土壤DOC与HWSC含量整体较高,分别高出米槠人工林15.09%和13.06%,但后者的土壤可溶性有机质芳香化程度更高。经过1个生长季的培养,2种人工林土壤DOC与HWSC含量均明显增加。凋落叶增加生长季米槠人工林土壤DOC与HWSC的含量,但对杉木人工林的影响具有季节差异。研究结果表明杉木人工林土壤DOC与HWSC含量更高,但凋落叶输入促进米槠人工林DOC与HWSC含量,更易于随淋溶过程流失。     

Oribatid mite communities and foliar litter decomposition in canopy suspended soils and forest floor habitats of western redcedar forests, Vancouver Island, Canada

Litter decomposition and changes in oribatid mite community composition were studied for 2 years in litterbags collected from arboreal organic matter accumulations (canopy suspended soils) and forest floors associated with western redcedar trees on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. We tested the hypotheses that lower rates of mass loss, higher nutrient levels, and different patterns of oribatid mite richness and abundance in decomposing western redcedar litter would be observed in litterbags associated with canopy suspended soils compared to forest floors. Decomposition, measured by mass loss of cedar litter in litterbags, was not significantly different in canopy and forest floor habitats, although reduced in the canopy. Abundance and richness of oribatid mites inhabiting litterbags were significantly greater on the forest floor compared to the canopy suspended soils. Canopy suspended soils had higher levels of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium than the forest floor, but moisture content was significantly lower in the suspended soils. Higher nutrient levels in the canopy system are attributed to differences in coarse woody debris input (but not foliar litter), combined with reduced nutrient uptake by roots and lower mobilisation rates of nutrients by detritivorous and fungivorous microarthropods. Moisture limitation in the canopy system possibly contributed to lower mass loss in litterbags, and lower abundance and richness of oribatid mites in litterbags placed on canopy suspended soils. Patterns of oribatid mite community composition were related to mite communities associated with the underlying substrate (forest floor or canopy suspended soil) which act as source pools for individuals colonising litterbags. Successional and seasonal trends in oribatid mite communities were confounded by moisture limitation at 24 months, particularly within the canopy habitat.     

川西3种亚高山针叶林的养分和凋落物格局分析

Investigations were conducted to quantify litterfall, and litter and nutrient accumulation in forest floor, and to acquire information on litter decomposition and nitrogen and phosphorus release patterns in three different subalpine coniferous forests, a plantation （P1）, a secondary forest （SF）, and a primitive forest （PF）, in western Sichuan, China. The litter trap method was used to evaluate litterfall with the litterbag method being utilized for litter decomposition. Seasonal patterns of litterfall were similar in the three forests, with two peaks occurring in September-November and March-May. The plantation revealed an annual litterfall of 4.38 x 103 kg ha-1, which was similar to those of SF and PF, but P1 had a lower mass loss rate and a higher C/N ratio. The C/N ratio may be a sound predictor for the decomposition differences. N concentrations of leaf litter in both the secondary forest and primitive forest increased first and then decreased, and the percentages of their final/initial values were 108.9% and 99.9%, respectively. P concentration in the three forests increased by the end of the study. The results of litterfall and decomposition indicated that in the plantation the potential to provide nutrients for soil organic matter was similar to those of SF and PF; however, its slower decomposition rate could result in a somewhat transient accumulation of litter in the forest floor.     

Decomposition of organic matter and nutrient mineralisation in wood ant (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Formica rufa</Emphasis> group) mounds in boreal coniferous forests of different age

Wood ants (Formica rufa group) are dominating ecosystem elements of the boreal region due to their wide and abundant occurrence. They collect and concentrate organic material from the surrounding forest floor by building large above-ground mounds. These mounds have higher temperature and lower water content than the surrounding forest floor. We studied how these peculiar environmental conditions affected mass loss and carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) mineralisation of organic matter in boreal Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.)-dominated mixed forest stands of four different age classes (5-, 30-, 60-, and 100-year-old) situated in eastern Finland using the litter bag technique. Norway spruce needle litter was incubated in inhabited and abandoned wood ant mounds as well as on the surrounding forest floor. We expected decomposition to be extremely slow due to the dryness of the mounds. Mass losses inside inhabited mounds were lower compared to the surrounding forest floor (on average 30 vs 50% after 2 years) but not as low as we expected, which might be a result of ant and microbial activity in the mounds. Decomposition in the abandoned mounds proceeded similarly as on the forest floor. Nutrient mineralisation proceeded more slowly in the ant mounds than on the surrounding forest floor. Mineralisation occurred for all studied nutrients in the ant mounds, except for N, which net amount remained stable during the years of the experiment. When wood ant mounds are abandoned and their porous and dry structure is no longer maintained by the ants, their decomposition is accelerated, and nutrients may be available for uptake by plants, although the nutrient mineralisation seems still to remain lower compared to the surrounding forest floor. However, eventually the mound material will be decomposed and nutrients mineralised, thus providing a nutrient hot spot increasing the heterogeneity of forest floor nutrient availability.     

Home-field advantage of litter decomposition and nitrogen release in forest ecosystems

Litter decomposition is a major fundamental ecological process that regulates nutrient cycling, thereby affecting net ecosystem carbon (C) storage as well as primary productivity in forest ecosystems. Litter decomposes in its home environment faster than in any other environment. However, evidence for this phenomenon, which is called the home-field advantage (HFA), has not been universal. We provide the first HFA quantification of litter decomposition and nutrient release through meta-analysis of published data in global forest ecosystems. Litter mass loss was 4.2 % faster on average, whereas nitrogen (N) release was 1.7 % lower at the home environment than in another environment. However, no HFA of phosphorus (P) release was observed. Broadleaf litter (4.4 %) had a higher litter mass loss HFA than coniferous litter (1.0 %). The positive HFA of N release was found in the coniferous litter. Mass loss HFA was significantly and negatively correlated with the initial lignin:N litter ratio. The litter decomposition and N release HFAs were obtained when mesh size ranged from 0.15 mm to 2.0 mm. The HFA of litter decomposition increased with decomposition duration during the early decomposition stage. The HFA of N release was well correlated with mass loss, and the greatest HFA was at mass loss less than 20 %. Our results suggest that the litter decomposition and N release HFAs are widespread in forest ecosystems. Furthermore, soil mesofauna is significantly involved in the HFA of litter decomposition.     

Soil carbon and nitrogen budget in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands along an air pollution gradient in eastern Germany

Litterfall, bio- and necromass of the forest floor vegetation, decomposition of recent organic material, soil respiration and humus stocks were examined in 3 Scots pine stands along an air pollution gradient in eastern Germany. High nitrogen loads and increased pH values due to Ca deposition caused shifts in the vegetation structure, and higher biomass production of the forest floor vegetation, whereas needle litter production was not impacted. Simultaneously, decomposition rates of the recently harvested forest floor vegetation decreased with increasing pollutant loads, but needle litter and soil organic matter decomposition rates did not differ between the sites. Consequently, soil carbon and nitrogen stocks increased with increasing pollutant input.     

亚热带不同林龄次生林与杉木林土壤氮淋溶损失特征

为分析不同林龄亚热带常绿阔叶次生林和杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)种植对土壤氮淋溶的影响,采用土柱微宇宙原位培养,分别比较9年生和45年生次生林(以米槠Castanopsis carlesii为建群种)之间、米槠和杉木人工林(均为9年生)之间的土壤总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮浓度及通量。结果表明：(1)4种类型森林土壤总氮和硝态氮浓度均表现为45年生次生林>9年生次生林>杉木人工林>米槠人工林;铵态氮浓度则为45年生次生林>杉木人工林>9年生次生林>米槠人工林。(2)4种类型森林土壤总氮和硝态氮的淋溶通量在整个试验期表现为9年生次生林>45年生次生林>杉木人工林>米槠人工林;5—8月4种类型森林土壤氨态氮淋溶通量差异较大,但大体上表现为杉木人工林>45年生次生林>9年生次生林>米槠人工林。(3)9年生和45年生次生林、米槠人工林、杉木人工林土壤总氮年淋溶量分别为14.24,13.27,7.26,10.97 [g/(m²·a)],硝态氮年淋溶量分别为10.88,9.97,5.35...     

中亚热带杉木人工林和米槠次生林树干茎流和穿透雨磷的动态特征

磷(P)伴随树干茎流和穿透雨输入到森林,成为补充亚热带森林生态系统P流失的一个重要途径,但其在不同类型生态系统中的动态特征缺乏必要的关注。以中亚热带杉木人工林和米槠次生林为研究对象,通过测定2015年6月至2018年8月间树干茎流和穿透雨中P浓度,探讨了2个林分树干茎流和穿透雨P浓度的差异、季节变化特征及影响因素。结果表明,杉木人工林树干茎流和穿透雨P浓度变化范围分别为0.002～0.026,0.003～0.024 mg/L,米槠次生林树干茎流和穿透雨P浓度变化范围分别为0.003～0.024,0.003～0.031 mg/L,2个林分树干茎流和穿透雨P浓度均在夏季表现出显著差异。2个林分的树干茎流P浓度均为夏季高于冬季,杉木人工林穿透雨P浓度在季节上无显著差异,而米槠次生林夏秋季较高,冬春季偏低,树干茎流P浓度略微高于穿透雨。2个林分的树干茎流量在4个季节均具有显著差异,米槠次生林均高于杉木人工林,而穿透雨量在季节上无差异。杉木人工林P浓度与树干茎流量和穿透雨量均呈负相关关系,而米槠次生林P浓度与树干茎流量和穿透雨量均呈正相关关系。表明不同林分林冠结构和形态学特征的差异能显著影响亚热带森林生态系统降水中P的再分配。研究结果为深入认识森林生态系统P随水文过程的动态特征提供基础数据。     

不同梯度氮沉降对亚热带甜槠林凋落物及养分的影响

[目的]分析不同梯度氮沉降作用下亚热带常绿阔叶甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)林凋落物量及养分变化规律,从而为亚热带地区氮沉降研究提供数据参考与理论依据。[方法]对安徽省仙寓山地区设置不同梯度施氮对照试验,长期实地监测甜槠林凋落物量及其养分的响应状况。[结果]凋落物量大小顺序为:高氮加磷(HN+P)低氮(LN)高氮(HN)对照CK,不同处理间的差异未达到显著水平;但是落叶量LN与CK之间差异显著(p=0.023)。各处理凋落物量的月变化模式均呈双峰型,分别在4和11月达到峰值;凋落物中各组分所占比例从大到小均为:叶果枝碎屑花皮;施肥处理不同程度上改变了落果量的比重:HN+P(27%)HN(25%)CK=LN(23%)。甜槠林C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg这6种大量元素的养分年归还量共计:HN+P 4.62t/(hm2·a)CK 4.44t/(hm2·a)HN 4.17t/(hm2·a)LN 3.96t/(hm2·a);不同处理各养分(K除外)归还量均表现为上述关系,且HN+P与CK之间的N,P的养分归还量差异显著(p=0.047;0.023)。对于各组分而言,落叶的养分归还量占年养分归还量的52%~58%。[结论]模拟不同梯度的氮沉降处理在一定程度上改变了甜槠林凋落物总量的大小及其组成比例,且影响到其他养分的吸收及归还量。     

Mass loss measurements and statistical models to predict decomposition of leaf litter in a boreal aspen forest

Abstract

In a southern boreal aspen forest located in Saskatchewan, Canada, we examined decomposition rates of leaf litter from trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), hazel (Corylus cornuta March.), and a mixture of different species over a six‐month period. Mass loss was measured in the field using the litter bag method. The greatest mass losses occurred during the first month regardless of litter type. On average, mass loss during the first 28 days was 3.2 g#lbkg^‐1#lbd^‐1 for the aspen leaves, 4.4 for hazel leaves and 4.9 for the mixture. The initial rapid loss of weight is attributed to leaching and decomposition of water soluble material. The decomposition rates of the leaf litter were related to water‐soluble organic carbon and nitrogen content, and C:N ratio. Several models were used to describe mass loss of the aspen, hazel, and mixed leaf litter at the early stages of decomposition. A single model was not found to be appropriate to describe decomposition of all leaf‐litter types. A second order model provided the best fit for the aspen litter decomposition, while the logarithmic model best described the decomposition of hazel and mixed leaf litter.