氨基酸有机肥对棉花根际和非根际土壤酶活性和养分有效性的影响

在新疆石河子进行了2年不同氨基酸有机肥施用量的大田试验,测定棉花根际和非根际土壤酶活性和有效养分含量。结果表明,棉花根际土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、纤维素酶活性高于非根际,且脲酶、纤维素酶活性达到显著差异。新陆早8号根际过氧化氢酶活性高于新陆早12号,但蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、纤维素酶活性低于新陆早12号。根际碱解N呈显著降低,速效P呈增加趋势。膜下滴灌根际和非根际土壤过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、土壤pH及非根际的碱解N、速效P、根际的速效K较淹灌高,而土壤蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、根际碱解N、速效P、非根际的速效K较淹灌低。氨基酸有机肥对棉花根际和非根际土壤酶活性都有增加作用。土壤pH随着有机肥施用量的增加呈下降趋势,根际低于非根际。氨基酸有机肥增加了土壤碱解N、速效P、速效K含量。     

超积累植物东南景天根际土壤酶活性研究

通过野外调查和盆栽试验研究了超积累植物东南景天根际土壤酶活性变化及其与重金属有效态的关系。研究结果表明,在矿山土壤、重度污染土壤和轻度污染土壤上,种植超积累生态型东南景天后,根际土壤有效态Zn分别比非根际减少了14.3%,7.9%和47.4%,有效态Cd分别比非根际减少25.1%,21.9%和20%。在铅锌矿区,东南景天生长地段土壤蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶活性高于其它植物生长地段。在矿山土壤和重度污染土壤中,超积累生态型东南景天根际土壤酶活性明显高于非根际土壤,同时也高于非超积累生态型根际土壤。Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu4种重金属对东南景天根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶活性均有抑制作用,而Pb对磷酸酶有一定的刺激作用。东南景天根际土壤脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活性与重金属有效态含量呈极显著相关。     

吊兰生长对锌污染土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响

选用观赏植物吊兰进行盆栽试验,通过测定吊兰根际、非根际以及未栽培吊兰的空白组土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性及化学性质,研究吊兰对重金属锌污染土壤的修复作用.结果表明:土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性、有机质含量及土壤呼吸作用强度均表现为吊兰根际组＞吊兰非根际组＞未栽培吊兰的空白组.而土壤锌总量、pH、电导率及氧化还原电位均表现为未栽培吊兰的空白组＞吊兰非根际组＞吊兰根际组.土壤锌浓度为200mg/kg时,细菌、真菌的数量最多,土壤呼吸作用强度、脲酶及磷酸酶的活性也达到最高值;土壤锌浓度为500 mg/kg时,放线菌数量最多,且蔗糖酶活性达到顶峰.三类微生物对锌的敏感性顺序为真菌＞放线菌＞细菌.土壤酶对重金属锌的敏感性顺序为蔗糖酶＞脲酶＞磷酸酶＞过氧化氢酶.通过微生物数量与土壤酶活性的双变量相关性分析可知,放线菌的变化对土壤酶的影响最大,其次是真菌,细菌影响最小.吊兰生长能够有效改善土壤环境,在重金属锌污染修复方面有广阔的应用前景.     

海南岛黎母山国家自然保护区热带云雾林土壤酶活性的根际效应

[目的] 探讨热带云雾林土壤酶活性的季节动态规律及根际效应,为从土壤酶学角度出发研究热带云雾林水土保持生态功能提升提供科学依据。[方法] 采用抖落法采集3种优势树种岭南青冈、罗浮锥、细枝柃根际和非根际土壤样品,对土壤酶活性季节动态变化进行研究,并分析不同树种根际土壤酶的根际效应及其与土壤养分的关系。[结果] ①热带云雾林不同树种根际与非根际土壤酶活性季节动态变化明显,呈单峰型变化趋势,峰值出现在雨季8月;岭南青冈、罗浮锥土壤酶活性差异不显著,但显著大于细枝柃。②根际土壤酶活性均高于非根际土壤,表现为正根际效应。土壤酶根际效应表现为：酸性磷酸酶 > 脲酶 > 过氧化氢酶 > 蔗糖酶;不同树种酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶根际效应差异不显著,而过氧化氢酶根际效应表现为岭南青冈、罗浮锥显著大于细枝柃。③土壤酶活性与土壤N,P,K养分含量呈显著正相关,与土壤含水量、pH值相关性不显著。[结论] 热带云雾林主要优势树种土壤酶活性呈现明显的季节动态变化,根际效应显著,N,P,K养分限制可能是土壤酶活性及其季节变化的主导控制因子。     

磺胺间甲氧嘧啶在玉米根-土界面毒性研究

通过根际袋土培试验,研究了磺胺间甲氧嘧啶（SMM）对玉米根际与非根际土壤酶活性和土壤呼吸强度的影响。结果表明,无论是否有根系作用,过氧化氢酶对磺胺间甲氧嘧啶胁迫的反应均不敏感。但在高浓度磺胺间甲氧嘧啶（50 mg.kg-1）作用下,试验初期对脲酶有明显的抑制作用,而在试验后期则表现出一定的促进作用,且在SMM胁迫下根际效应表现得更为明显。SMM胁迫下对根际与非根际土壤呼吸均有抑制作用,随浓度的增大,抑制作用越明显。且由于玉米根际作用,一定程度上缓解了SMM污染对根际微生物的毒害。一般情况下,根际土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性及土壤呼吸强度均要大于非根际土壤,根际效应明显。     

不同树龄茶树根际土壤酶活性的变化分析

以不同种植年限黄金桂茶树根际土壤为研究对象,分析茶树树龄对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,茶树根际土壤中与养分循环相关的酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性随着茶树树龄的增加而上升,且与茶树树龄呈显著正相关,中性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶则相反;茶树根际土壤中与抗性相关的多酚氧化酶活性随着茶树树龄的增加而上升且与茶树树龄呈显著正相关,而过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶活性则呈下降趋势,与茶树树龄呈显著负相关。土壤酶对茶树树龄的敏感性分析结果表明,不同土壤酶响应茶树树龄变化的趋势为过氧化氢酶脲酶脱氢酶蔗糖酶过氧化物酶多酚氧化酶酸性磷酸酶中性磷酸酶碱性磷酸酶。可见,在茶树生产管理过程中应适当提高磷肥的施用量,老茶树应当加强土壤松耕,以提高土壤中抗性酶活性。     

铜胁迫对水花生生长和土壤酶活性的影响

通过盆栽实验,研究了不同浓度铜胁迫对外来杂草水花生(Alternanthera philoxeroides)植株生长、叶绿素含量、生物量及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,铜胁迫条件下,水花生植株地上部分高度、生物量、最长根长、平均根长、平均根数、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均表现出在低铜浓度下升高,而在高浓度下降低的现象;土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性均随着铜浓度增加均逐渐减小,与铜浓度有高度相关性。4种土壤酶对铜污染的敏感性表现为:蔗糖酶>过氧化氢酶>脲酶>磷酸酶。水花生生长及土壤酶活性可作为检测土壤中重金属铜污染程度的参考指标之一。     

高寒草地2种固沙灌木根际土壤碳氮特征

为研究不同固沙植物对高寒草地土壤碳氮的影响,通过野外调查选取川西北高寒沙化草地人工种植的2种固沙灌木(红柳,沙棘)根际与非根际土壤为研究对象,研究根际与非根际土壤总有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)及纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶的差异特征。结果表明,2种固沙植物根际土壤SOC、MBC、TN、AN、MBN含量及酶活性均显著高于非根际土壤(P0.05)。其中红柳根际土壤SOC、MBC、TN、AN、MBN含量分别增加了124.24%,6.20%,116.67%,111.60%,264.21%;沙棘根际土壤SOC、MBC、TN、AN、MBN含量比非根际土壤分别增加71.23%,33.01%,152.63%,172.79%,83.42%。红柳根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素含量比非根际土壤分别增加61.62%,97.73%,56.52%;沙棘根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶含量比非根际土壤分别增加150.23%,177.17%,80.00%。土壤碳氮养分和酶活性间关系紧密,其中土壤SOC,TN与土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶活性均呈极显著正相关(P0.01);AN与纤维素酶呈显著正相关(P0.05),与蔗糖酶、脲酶呈极显著正相关(P0.01);MBC、MBN与纤维素酶、脲酶呈显著正相关(P0.05),与蔗糖酶呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。研究发现,川西北常见的2种固沙灌木中沙棘对土壤养分、微生物生物量及酶活性具有较大的积累和转化作用,但沙棘对沙化土壤养分积累效果更显著。因此,在沙化草地修复过程中应以种植沙棘为主。     

秸秆、猪粪混施对麦田根际土壤过氧化氢酶与蔗糖酶活性的影响

本研究于2012—2014年在成都平原稻麦轮作区开展田间试验,分析秸秆、猪粪施用对小麦各生育期内根际及非根际酶活性的动态变化影响,为种养废弃物的合理施用提供科学依据。试验共设置不施肥对照、纯化肥、秸秆全量还田+纯化肥、秸秆全量还田+低量猪粪替代化肥、秸秆全量还田+高量猪粪替代化肥等5个处理。结果表明,同一处理下的根际土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性均显著强于非根际土壤(P0.05);猪粪还田处理能提高土壤的过氧化氢酶活性,秸秆和猪粪还田处理能提高土壤蔗糖酶的活性;从小麦的整个生育期来看,其根际及非根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性均呈减弱趋势;而根际土壤蔗糖酶活性在小麦生育期内存在较大波动,非根际蔗糖酶活性呈"单峰"变化。     

樱桃根际土壤特征及其评价

为探讨樱桃植株生长发育对根际土壤因子的影响,评价其根际生态环境,对土壤的pH值、速效养分、酶及微生物等19种指标的根际分布特征和相互关系进行了分析。结果表明,土壤pH值、氧化还原电位(Eh)、碱解氮、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶、细菌及总菌数表现为根际负效应([R/S)<1],速效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、脲酶、中性磷酸酶、放线菌及真菌表现为根际正效应([R/S)>1],有效锌根际效应不显著。脲酶、中性磷酸酶及蛋白酶3种水解酶活性与pH值及Eh的特征向量和载荷较大,可将其归为同一类综合指标,反映或评价以根际碱解氮为代表的土壤肥力状况。pH值、碱解氮等化学指标,土壤酶、微生物等生物活性指标在一定程度上可反映樱桃根际生态环境状况。     

石灰土地区几种作物根际与非根际土壤养分特征对比研究——以重庆市中梁山为例

以重庆市中梁山石灰土地区为研究区,选择莴笋、红菜苔、白菜、瓢儿菜和桔子5种不同的作物,通过野外采样和室内实验分析的方法,分别测定了5种作物的根际与非根际土壤的全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质的含量以及土壤pH值,并进行了对比分析。结果表明,根际与非根际土壤的全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质和pH值之间均表现出显著的差异性（p<0.05）。这5种作物的养分含量除了桔子树的根际土壤速效磷出现亏缺外,其余4种作物根际土壤的全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮、速效磷以及速效钾都高于非根际土壤,不同作物出现了不同程度的富集现象。另外,根际土壤的pH值均低于非根际土壤;根际土壤有机质含量均高于于非根际土壤。     

间作五指毛桃土壤和根主要中微量元素含量及其相关性

为了解在成龄胶园间作的五指毛桃根际与非根际土壤及其根中主要中、微量元素含量情况，测定了实验区根际与非根际土壤各30个和对应五指毛桃根的钙、镁、铁、锰、铜和锌含量，分析了两者之间的关系，并评价了根际与非根际土壤中、微量元素丰缺状况。结果表明，非根际土壤钙、镁、铁、锰含量的平均值都高于根际土壤的，而铜、锌含量的平均值都低于根际土壤的。土壤钙、镁含量80%以上处于缺水平，而铁、锰含量处于丰或很丰水平，铜和锌含量处于适中水平。五指毛桃根际与非根际土壤中、微量元素存在空间上的广泛变异。五指毛桃根中、微量元素的平均值从大到小的排序是钙>镁>锰>铁>锌>铜。土壤中、微量元素与五指毛桃根中相对应的中、微量元素的相关性不强，且表现复杂。本研究结果揭示，在成龄胶园间作五指毛桃应当适量施用钙肥、镁肥和喷施一些铜元素叶面肥，并实行科学施肥，减少养分淋失。     

复合污染土壤中水稻根际元素特性及效应研究

【目的】以广东大宝山重金属复合污染农田为生长介质,通过研究水稻不同部位生长量、 金属含量、 对金属的富集系数,及其与根际、 非根际土金属含量、 形态变化的相关关系,探讨根际效应可能对水稻体内金属积累转运以及生物量的影响。【方法】选取了广东大宝山稻田重金属复合污染(As、 Pb、 Fe、 Cu、 Zn)土壤及当地常见的20个水稻品种进行根际袋试验,即将根际袋内的土视为根际土,根际袋外的土视为非根际土,将供试水稻品种种植于根际袋土壤中60天后收获,测定水稻各部位的生长量、 不同金属的含量,根际土和非根际土中各金属有效态的含量。【结果】Fe、 Cu、 Pb、 Zn、 As在根部的富集系数均大于其在茎叶的富集系数,各金属在茎叶和根部的富集能力排序分别为Zn Cu As ≈ Pb ≈ Fe和Fe Zn As Cu Pb。根际土和非根际土中各种金属有效态含量均为Fe Cu Pb Zn As。研究还发现,有效态Fe、 Cu和Zn浓度对整株干重的影响显著,作用强弱顺序为Cu Zn Fe,对水稻生长影响作用显著的三种有效态金属Fe、 Cu和Zn均为植物生长所必需的元素。供试土壤中有效态Cu浓度对水稻的生长所起的作用最强。根际土有效态Fe浓度对根系Fe的积累作用效果显著,有效态As浓度显著抑制了根系Fe的积累,且有效态As浓度的作用强于有效态Fe。【结论】根际土中有效态Fe对株高、 根干重、 茎叶干重和整株干重均起着抑制作用,有效态Cu对水稻生长起到了促进作用。根际土有效态As和非根际土有效态Zn对根部Fe的积累起到了抑制作用,根际土有效态Fe和非根际土有效态Cu则起到了促进作用。非根际土有效态Fe和有效态Zn对水稻根长的增加均起到了促进作用。     

Characterization of copper-resistant bacterial community in rhizosphere of highly copper-contaminated soil

The characteristics of copper (Cu)-resistant bacterial communities in a rhizosphere and a non-rhizosphere of the ditch reed, Phragmites, in a highly Cu-contaminated area near a copper mine were investigated. The total Cu concentration was 720 μg·g^–1 in the rhizosphere soil and 5 680 μg·g^–1 in the non-rhizosphere soil. In the rhizosphere, the multiplication of bacteria, particularly non-resistant bacteria, was promoted as compared with the non-rhizosphere. The properties of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere were quite different from those in the non-rhizosphere in terms of Cu sorption ability, growth rate and exopolymer production. Both the Cu-resistant bacteria and non-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere grew more rapidly in media than those in the non-rhizosphere. For almost all the isolated Cu-resistant bacteria, exopolymer production was prompted by Cu stimuli especially for the isolates from the rhizosphere. The adverse effect of Cu on the growth rate was found to be small for the Cu-resistant bacteria producing exopolymers in a large quantity, suggesting the involvement of exopolymers in the detoxification of Cu. The role of Cu resistance in the bacterial chemotactic migration in the Cu-contaminated soils was not evident.     

Differences between soil solutions obtained from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils by water displacement and soil centrifugation

Soil solution was obtained from potted rhizosphere or non-rhizosphere soils by water displacement or soil centrifugation. The pH of the displaced solutions was lower than that of bulk soils when solutions were obtained from non-rhizosphere soil, although it increased as plants grew. This increase probably reflected true changes in rhizosphere pH, generated by the uptake by plants of N0₃-N. In contrast, the pH of soil centrifugates was usually close to that of the bulk soils, implying that buffering by colloids had occurred during sampling. Concentrations of elements in solutions from non-rhizosphere soil were similar for both methods when soils were incubated at ambient pCO₂. However, when non-rhizosphere soils were incubated at elevated pCO₂, displacement solutions had lower pH values, and much larger concentrations of elements, compared to soil centrifugates. Comparison of mass flow of elements versus actual plant uptake showed that Ca and Mg accumulated, while K, Zn and Cd were depleted from the rhizosphere. Displacement solutions showed this accumulation or depletion of the elements more clearly than soil centrifugates. These differences were attributed to the fact that, at constant soil moisture, the rhizosphere developed mainly in larger pores, which were sampled by displacement. With centrifugation, a mixture of pore sizes was sampled, so that rhizosphere solution was only obtained when all of the soil had become rhizosphere. Soil centrifugates obtained after 22 days of growth also contained higher concentrations of organic carbon than displacement solutions, indicating contamination due to the disruption of roots and/or micro-organisms. We conclude that water displacement is suitable for sampling solution from light to medium textured rhizosphere or non-rhizosphere soils and that soil centrifugation is only of limited suitability.     

Changes in soil biological activities under reduced soil pH during Thlaspi caerulescens phytoextraction

Phytoextraction of soil Cd and Zn may require reduction in soil pH in order to achieve high metal uptake. Reducing the pH of high metal soil, however, could negatively affect soil ecosystem function and health. The objectives of this study were to characterize the quantitative causal relationship between pH and soil biological activities in two Zn and Cd contaminated soils and to investigate the relationship between metals and soil biological activities under low pH. Soils were adjusted to five or six different pH levels by sulfur addition, followed by salt leaching. Thlaspi caerulescens was grown for 6 months, and both the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil biological activities were tested after harvest. Reducing pH significantly lowered soil alkaline phosphatase activity, arylsulphatase activity, nitrification potential, and respiration. However, acid phosphatase activity was increased with decreasing pH. The relationship between soil biological activities and pH was well characterized by linear or quadratic regression models with R² values ranging from 0.57 to 0.99. In general, the three enzyme activities, nitrification potential, and the ratio of alkaline phosphatase to acid phosphatase activity were very sensitive indicators of soil pH status while soil respiration was not sensitive to pH change. The rhizosphere soil had higher biological activities than non-rhizosphere soil. The negative effects observed in the non-rhizosphere soil were alleviated by the rhizosphere influence. However, rhizosphere soil after 6 months phytoextraction showed lower nitrification potential than non-rhizosphere soil, probably due to substrate limitation in our study.     

Phosphorus Speciation and Nutrient Stoichiometry in the Soil-Plant System During Primary Ecological Restoration of Copper Mine Tailings

The effects of plant vegetation on phosphorus(P) speciation, pH, total carbon concentration, total nitrogen concentration, and alkaline phosphatase activities were investigated to explore the P uptake strategy of plants in low-P soil and to determine the nutrient stoichiometric ratio changes in the rhizosphere of plants(Imperata cylindrica, Miscanthus floridulus, Zoysia sinica, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Indigofera pseudotinctoria, and Conyza canadensis) which had grown for approximately 15 years in copper mine tailings, East China. The results showed that the average pH values in the rhizosphere decreased by 0.06–1.37 compared with those in the non-rhizosphere. The alkaline phosphatase activities of the rhizosphere were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizosphere.The mean concentrations of aluminum(Al)-and iron(Fe)-bound P and Ca_2-P(CaHPO_4) in the rhizosphere of all plants were 5.4% to 87.7%, 49.2% to 214.2%, and 86.6% to 147.6% higher than those in the non-rhizosphere, respectively. Except for Ca_8-P(Ca_8H_2(PO_4)_6)and Ca_(10)-P(Ca_(10)(PO_4)_6(OH)_2) in the rhizosphere, all kinds of inorganic P forms were negatively correlated with pH. Significant correlation was also observed among the concentrations of dominant forms of inorganic P, C, and N and alkaline phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere. Among the studied species, I. pseudotinctoria showed the most significant effect on enhancing soil available P concentration. The stoichiometric ratios of C:P and N:P were apparently higher in the rhizosphere than the non-rhizosphere, whereas these ratios were far below the ratios commonly observed in Chinese soils. These results indicated that the plant growth effectively affected P fractions possibly by changing pH, C and N concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase activity, in the rhizosphere in copper mine tailings.     

茶树根际与非根际土壤磷形态变化特征

以茶树(Camellia sinensis)根际和非根际土壤为研究对象,选取湖南省石门、临澧、桃源、长沙、安化、资兴等6县(市)的茶园为采样点,对其根际和非根际土壤的全磷、有效磷及无机磷的不同化学形态进行了分析。结果表明,茶树根际土壤全磷和有效磷含量均高于非根际土壤,有效磷在根际富集明显;土壤无机磷含量及占全磷的比例差异都很大。不同母质发育土壤的无机磷组成也不同,板页岩母质发育的根际土壤中Al-P含量最高,Fe-P其次,O-P最少。花岗岩和第四纪红色黏土发育的根际土壤Fe-P最高,Al-P其次,O-P最少。3种母质发育的非根际土壤中均为Fe-P含量最高。根际无机磷中的Al-P,Fe-P和Ca-P含量与有效磷呈极显著正相关,非根际Al-P和Fe-P与土壤有效磷显著正相关关系。根际、非根际土壤全磷和有效磷含量与pH值相关性不显著,根际、非根际土壤有效磷和全磷含量相关性极显著。     

NaCl胁迫对葡萄幼苗根际pH值及营养成分的影响

采用多隔层根际培养的方法,研究了NaCl胁迫下赤霞珠葡萄幼苗根际土和非根际土的pH值以及主要营养成分的变化。结果表明,NaCl处理对赤霞珠葡萄幼苗的生长造成了不同程度的抑制。不同NaCl处理下,葡萄幼苗根际土壤pH均低于非根际土,各层土壤的pH随盐胁迫程度加深而增高;水溶性K+在根际含量较低,水溶性Na+ 和Ca2+在根际富集。非盐渍条件下,葡萄幼苗根际碱解氮增高,而在盐胁迫下下降。在4 g/kg NaCl胁迫下,葡萄根际有效磷降低,其它处理下升高;而水溶性Mg2+ 则相反。试验结果还表明,Na+的存在阻碍了根系对多种矿质营养的吸收和利用,影响了葡萄的正常生理活动,不同程度地限制了葡萄根系的生活力和吸收能力。在Na+的作用下,K+、Ca2+、Mg2+的迁移和吸收受到不同程度的影响,与对照相比,各层土壤中的几种离子的含量均有所变化。     

湿地植物铅的富集特征及根际铅移动性的影响因素研究

【目的】 揭示湿地植物铅的富集特征及根际铅移动性影响因素的作用机理,为人工湿地修复重金属污染水体提供理论指导和依据。 【方法】 通过根箱法研究了五种挺水湿地植物 (大叶皇冠草、黑籽荸荠、圆币草、草龙、小婆婆纳) 根际 pH、氧化还原电位 (Eh)、Fe2+ 和 Fe3+ 浓度、铅 (Pb) 的化学形态及移动性的变化。 【结果】 与非根际相比,五种植物根际pH下降,Fe2+ 和 Fe3+ 浓度显著下降,Eh显著升高,Pb的移动性显著降低 (P<0.05)。与非根际相比,根际pH下降幅度为 0.1～0.4个单位,根际Fe2+和 Fe3+浓度下降幅度为0.6～2.7 mmol/kg。土壤中铅的存在形态主要以残渣态为主 (36.39%～47.54%),其次是铁锰氧化物结合态 (30.16%～41.64%)、有机质结合态 (8.85%～15.08%) 和碳酸盐结合态 (6.89%～12.46%)。五种湿地植物根际Pb的移动性降低的主要原因是根际碳酸盐结合态Pb含量显著下降,其中大叶皇冠草受根际pH、Eh、Fe3+和Fe2+的影响导致其根际Pb移动性降低效应最为显著。 【结论】 五种供试植物Pb主要分布在根部;根表富集的铁膜数量显著高于锰膜数量;供试植物根际Fe3+含量与Pb的移动性因子呈极显著正相关,湿地植物根系铁氧化能力对降低其根际重金属的移动性有重要作用。本研究为人工湿地修复重金属污染水体提供了有力的理论依据。