秸秆、猪粪混施对麦田根际土壤过氧化氢酶与蔗糖酶活性的影响

本研究于2012—2014年在成都平原稻麦轮作区开展田间试验,分析秸秆、猪粪施用对小麦各生育期内根际及非根际酶活性的动态变化影响,为种养废弃物的合理施用提供科学依据。试验共设置不施肥对照、纯化肥、秸秆全量还田+纯化肥、秸秆全量还田+低量猪粪替代化肥、秸秆全量还田+高量猪粪替代化肥等5个处理。结果表明,同一处理下的根际土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性均显著强于非根际土壤(P0.05);猪粪还田处理能提高土壤的过氧化氢酶活性,秸秆和猪粪还田处理能提高土壤蔗糖酶的活性;从小麦的整个生育期来看,其根际及非根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性均呈减弱趋势;而根际土壤蔗糖酶活性在小麦生育期内存在较大波动,非根际蔗糖酶活性呈"单峰"变化。

Effect of Mixed Application of Rice-Wheat Straws and Pig Manure on Soil Enzyme Activities in Wheat-growth Field

In this study, a field experiment was carried out in the rice-wheat rotation area of Chengdu Plain from 2012 to 2014 to study the dynamic changes of enzyme activities rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soils during the wheat-growth season in order to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable application of agricultural wastes. Five treatments were designed including CK, chemical fertilizer, straw returning + pure chemical fertilizer, straw returning + low amount of pig manure to replace chemical fertilizer, straw returning + high amount of pig manure instead of chemical fertilizers. The results showed that the activities of soil catalase and invertase were significantly higher in rhizosphere than that in non-rhizosphere (P<0.05) under the same treatment; pig manure with straw treatments improved soil catalase activity, returning straw and pig manure treatments improved soil invertase activity; during the whole growth period of wheat, the activities of soil catalase in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere showed a decreasing trend; however, soil invertase activity fluctuated largely in rhizosphere and showed single peak in non-rhizosphere.