共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
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加铬砷酸铜(CCA)作为木材防腐剂在世界范围内已经广泛使用了70余年,目前在我国其仍然是主要的木材防腐剂之一.然而.CCA 中有效成分铬和砷的氧化物所具有的剧毒性,使其在使用过程中流失到外界后会对环境及生物安全造成威胁,而防腐剂中有效成分的流失在很大程度上是由于防腐处理材在使用前防腐剂的有效成分与木材成分之间的固着反应不充分而造成的.对CCA中有效成分在处理材中的固着反应过程、监测方法及反应场所等做了详细介绍,旨在为水基木材防腐剂有效成分在处理材中的固着、流失研究提供借鉴,并为CCA防腐处理材的生产提供理论指导. 相似文献
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水载型木材防腐剂有效成分的加速固着方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以铬化砷酸铜(CCA)为代表的水载型防腐剂,逐渐被其他主要有效成分为铜的水载型防腐剂取代,这类防腐剂中的.针对水载型防腐剂抗流失性差的缺点,介绍4种用于加速防腐剂中有效成分在木材中固着的方法,分析了这些方法对水载型防腐剂中有效成分的固着效果,并就如何加速ACQ中有效成分的固着研究进行了分析和展望. 相似文献
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新型水基防腐剂在木材中的固着机理研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对几种主要的水基木材防腐在木材中的固着机理进行了介绍。其中,在胺/氨铜防腐剂体系中,防腐剂中有效成分与木材实质间的反应主要为木质素及半纤维素中的羧基及羟基发生离子交换反应;在微化铜木材防腐剂体系(MCQ/MCA)中,防腐剂中有效成分通过高分子分散剂与木材纤维间较强的附着力固着在处理材中;而在硼类防腐剂体系中,防腐剂中有效成分的固着机理与铜比较相似,但硼酸盐无法直接固着在羧基及羟基中,因此有效成分的固着研究主要涉及以下两个方面:1)增加硼类防腐处理材的疏水性;2)与有机化学物质复合生成稳定的化合物固着在木材中。 相似文献
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三种铜-季铵盐防腐剂的抗流失性及对木材材色的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了3种季铵盐与铜复配后的防腐剂的抗流失性和对木材材色的影响。结果表明:3种防腐剂均在较低温度下后续固着效果较好。后续固着温度为15℃,处理药液浓度为0.5%的条件下,FFJ-2的固着效果最好。但处理后对材色的影响较大。 相似文献
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国外木材防腐技术和研究现状 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
从木材防腐剂、防腐处理工艺、改性处理及环境特性等几个方面对国外的木材防腐技术及研究现状进行较为系统、全面的介绍,并在此基础上指出木材防腐研究的几个主要方向.木材防腐剂的发展趋势是近期以水载防腐剂为主导,以开发综合性能优良的不含金属的有机防腐剂作为未来的发展方向;木材防腐处理工艺的重点在于增强防腐剂在木材中的渗透性,加速防腐剂与木材之间的固着反应以及开发新型的防腐处理工艺以适应新的防腐剂的需要.改性处理方面主要介绍木材的热处理和化学改性处理在防腐方面的应用现状.木材防腐处理的环境特性则着重介绍LCA技术(生命循环分析技术)以及防腐处理材的废弃处理问题.另外,还简要介绍木材防腐研究机构和协会、木材防腐标准等方面的情况.本文旨在使国内的木材研究者对当前木材防腐技术和研究有一个总体的认识,并在此基础上结合国内的实际情况,发展适于处理中国国内树种及适合市场需求的木材防腐技术,为更科学、更高效地利用国内木材资源提供新途径. 相似文献
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4 防腐剂保持量 在不同防腐剂浓度的处理材中,其化学成分的固着速率也存在着一定的差异.Cooper等[16]对规格为38mm×89mm×610mm的赤松板材分别使用1.7%、3.5%的CCA防腐剂处理后,置于相对湿度为95%、温度分别为21℃及60℃的固着条件下,实验结果表明:防腐剂浓度较高的处理材需要更长的固着时间,以使CCA各成分沉淀到木材中.Osborne等16也赞同上述观点,并且他们指出,在防腐剂成分固着不充分的处理材中,防腐剂中各成分在具有较高防腐剂保持量的试材中流失出去的要更多一些,而在固着比较充分的处理材中情况则正好相反,即:在较高防腐剂保持量的处理材中,防腐剂各成分的流失率反而要低. 相似文献
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文章研究了SGB硼防腐剂处理的马尾松试材经环保型水溶性涂料(WAQ)、天然植物油涂料(TRQ)及木材用户外涂料(KJQ)分别处理后的硼流失性能。结果表明硼防腐处理材经涂料再次处理后试件的抗流失性能均有改善,其中效果最好的是TRQ涂料,它与SGB共同处理的试件比单用SGB防腐剂处理的试件硼的抗流失率平均提高了36.5个百分点。 相似文献
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J. S. Rasmussen C. Felby S. Prasad H. Schmidt G. A. Eiceman 《Wood Science and Technology》2011,45(2):205-214
The durability of wood is improved by wood preservatives. Due to new environmental legislation, commonly used active ingredients
such as chromium and arsenate are being replaced by alternative and more environmentally friendly preservatives. However,
the alternative wood preservatives are more difficult to detect in the wood. Detection of the preservatives is necessary in
order to monitor millwork production for qualitative assessment of the wood preservative uptake. The aim of this study is
to examine the use of solid phase desorption-ion mobility spectrometry (SPD-IMS) can be used for rapid detection of the wood
preservatives propiconazole and tebuconazole in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). The findings proved that SPD-IMS is capable of detecting and distinguishing wood preservatives directly from treated wood
shavings. SPD-IMS requires no additional sample preparation or extraction of the wood sample. The findings show that SPD-IMS
is a fast and easily applied method for direct detection of propiconazole and tebuconazole in small wood samples. 相似文献
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文章采用EDTA络合滴定法对ACQ木材防腐药剂中有效成分铜含量进行测试研究,同时用原子吸收光谱法对样品进行同步检测分析。结果表明,采用EDTA滴定法测定ACQ防腐剂中铜含量,检测结果重复性好,准确度、精密度高,且操作简便,是一种非常适合于ACQ木材防腐剂生产中质量监控的快速检测方法。 相似文献
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Leaching characteristics of homologues of benzalkonium chloride from wood treated with ammoniacal copper quaternary wood preservative 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In Japan, ammoniacal copper quaternary wood preservatives type-1 (ACQ-1), which contains copper and benzalkonium chloride
as its active ingredients, is among the most widely used wood preservatives in the pressure treatment of wood. Benzalkonium
chloride (BAC) in commercial ACQ-1 products mainly comprises C12 and C14 homologues. In the present study, the leaching characteristics
of these BAC homologues were investigated using the heartwood and sapwood portions of Japanese cedar, Japanese larch, and
Sakhalin fir treated with ACQ-1 and 1% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution containing equimolar amounts of homologues. Distilled
water (DW) and artificial seawater (SW) were used as leaching media. Consequently, it was observed that the leaching rate
of the C12 homologue tended to be higher than that of the C14 homologue in DW. The leaching of C12 homologues was accelerated
by using SW, resulting in a significantly higher leaching rate than the C14 homologue using SW. It was thought that the difference
in the hydrophobicities based on alkyl chain lengths resulted in these phenomena. However, when the heartwood portion of Japanese
larch was treated with the homologues in MEA, the leaching rate of the C14 homologue was significantly higher than that of
the C12 homologue. 相似文献
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The importance of copper/amine based preservatives is increasing. Leaching of copper from wood preserved with these solutions
is still higher than leaching from wood impregnated with copper chromium ones. In order to decrease leaching, different carboxylic
acids (octanoic, 2-ethylhexanoic, decanoic) were added to copper/amine/boron aqueous solutions. An experiment of leaching
of copper from Norway spruce was performed according to the modified standard procedure (EN 1250). Results confirmed that
carboxylic acids significantly improve copper fixation. The best fixation was determined in specimens impregnated with the
preservative solutions consisting of copper, ethanolamine, boric acid and octanoic acid. From such wood, only 1.6% of copper
was leached. 相似文献
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Sye Hee Ahn Sei Chang Oh In-Gyu Choi Ho-Yong Kim In Yang 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(6):495-501
As a substitute for high-cost copper azole (CuAz) and alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) wood preservatives, alternative wood
preservatives were formulated with okara, which is an organic waste from the production of tofu, and copper chloride and/or
borax. Each preservative was used in treatment of wood blocks in a reduced-pressure method to measure its treatability. The
treated wood blocks were placed in hot water for 3 days to examine the stability of the preservatives against hot-water leaching.
The preservatives successfully penetrated into wood blocks, probably due to the use of ammonium hydroxide as a dissociating
agent. However, the stability of okara-based preservatives dropped as the concentration of acid in the solutions used for
hydrolysis of okara increased. The treatability and leachability of the preservatives were not affected by hydrolysis temperature
but were negatively affected by the addition of borax. Leached wood blocks treated with okara-based preservatives and exposed
to decay fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta over 12 weeks showed good decay resistance. Okara-based wood preservatives can protect wood against fungal attack as effectively
as CuAz, and have potential for use as environmentally friendly wood preservatives. 相似文献