贵州中部避雨栽培下7个甜樱桃品种果实性状比较

为筛选贵州中部避雨栽培甜樱桃品种,引进‘郑5-5’、‘江南红’、‘朝阳’、‘萨米脱’、‘布鲁克斯’、‘黑珍珠’、‘美早’等7个甜樱桃品种,调查各品种的花果物候期并测定其果皮色泽、果实纵横侧径、果柄长度和粗度、单果重、可食用率、果实含水量、可溶性固形物含量等果实性状指标,统计分析比较不同品种之间的差异。结果表明,不同甜樱桃品种的花果物候期稍有差异,果实成熟期在5月中下旬。‘郑5-5’、‘布鲁克斯’、‘美早’等果皮色泽紫红色至紫黑色且色饱和度较高,颜色较纯;‘朝阳’为黄红色。‘美早’果形指数最高,‘布鲁克斯’最低;‘朝阳’果柄长度最大,‘江南红’最小;‘江南红’果柄粗度最大,‘朝阳’最小。‘布鲁克斯’平均单果重最高,‘黑珍珠’最低;‘布鲁克斯’果实可食用率最高,‘朝阳’最低;‘郑5-5’果肉含水量最高,‘江南红’最低;‘江南红’可溶性固形物含量最高,‘郑5-5’最低。综合考虑,‘布鲁克斯’和‘萨米脱’表现较好。     

南方地区甜樱桃促早栽培关键技术研究

通过覆膜、加温等措施对7个甜樱桃品种物候期和品质特征等方面进行调查研究，为浙江等南方地区甜樱桃促早栽培提供依据。以‘红蜜’‘瑞德’‘早罗宾’‘拉宾斯’‘燕子’‘布鲁克斯’‘早大果’为试验材料，研究不同促早方式对甜樱桃物候期的影响，并对其进行单果重、可溶性固形物含量、风味、品质等方面的鉴定。研究发现简易覆膜促早栽培比普通避雨遮荫栽培果实成熟提早7-12天，在4月中下旬果实成熟；加温覆膜促早栽培比普通避雨遮荫栽培果实成熟提早36-41天，在3月中下旬果实成熟，其经济效益更加显著。通过综合评价发现‘早大果’‘布鲁克斯’‘瑞德’‘红蜜’等品种在综合表现较好，适宜在浙江等南方地区进行相关促早栽培推广种植，其他品种可以有选择性的发展避雨遮荫栽培，以满足市场需求。     

短期高温下6个品种甜樱桃幼苗耐热性比较

为对不同品种甜樱桃耐热性进行比较,以6个品种甜樱桃幼苗为试材,通过模拟高温,探究高温胁迫下其叶片生理、叶绿素荧光指标变化,结合相关性分析、主成分分析等对其耐热性综合评价,并通过逐步回归模型的建立筛选出甜樱桃耐热生理评价指标。结果表明,6个品种甜樱桃幼苗在高温胁迫后抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质等生理指标变化有所不同,叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ 最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)3个参数值均显著下降,除4号甜樱桃品种NPQ值显著升高外,其余品种NPQ 值均呈下降趋势。6个品种甜樱桃幼苗的耐热综合性排名为 ‘红蜜’＞‘桑提娜’＞‘早大果’＞‘雷尼’＞‘拉宾斯’＞‘布鲁克斯’,基于多元回归模型建立筛选出过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、脯氨酸含量、Fv/Fo 4个指标可高效、准确地对甜樱桃耐热性进行评价。本研究为甜樱桃耐热性评价体系建立及耐热性品种选育提供参考,为今后南方地区甜樱桃耐高温品种（系）进一步育种工作奠定理论基础。     

30份甜樱桃种质资源果实性状的调查研究

通过对台州地区引种栽培的30份优良甜樱桃种质资源进行了物候期、品质特征等方面进行调查研究，掌握种质资源果实性状表现现状，为浙江等南方地区甜樱桃栽培种质资源选择提供依据。结果表明，甜樱桃果实遗传多样性丰富，单果重介于5 g - 12 g，可溶性固形物含量12% - 22%，其中‘布鲁克斯’‘瑞德’‘齐早’‘早罗宾’‘红蜜-T’等种质资源综合表现较好，适宜在浙江等南方地区栽培推广种植。     

基于物联网技术的甜樱桃裂果及其品质研究

通过物联网技术实时监测环境因子,研究土壤水分等因素对甜樱桃裂果及其品质的影响。结果表明,在避雨栽培下,‘萨米脱’和‘布鲁克斯’从落花期发育至成熟需要约40d。在果实发育期间,平均光照强度为15840Lx,平均气温为22.1℃,日间空气湿度变化幅度大,阴雨天气相对湿度持续在50%以上,土壤平均温度为19℃。果实发育期间土壤含水量维持在相对稳定的水平可以有效降低裂果率,将土壤含水量控制在40%左右,‘萨米脱’裂果率降低20%,‘布鲁克斯’裂果率降低49%。随着土壤相对含水量的增加,果实单果重和叶面积增加,可溶性固形物含量降低,对叶绿素水平影响较小。     

南方地区甜樱桃不同品种及树形组合筛选

以甜樱桃主栽品种“布鲁克斯”、“红蜜”、“拉宾斯”、“萨米脱”、“黑珍珠”、“秦林”、“06-7”为试材,研究在南方山地条件下不同栽培模式对生长量、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明：在高海拔条件下甜樱桃物候期相应推迟7-14天；不同树形树势存在显著差异,UFO树形树势良好,且对于果实品质提高有一定作用；UFO树形可显著提高“布鲁克斯”、“06-7”、“萨米脱”等品种产量。该研究为甜樱桃在浙江等南方地区推广合理树形提供参考依据     

茂县甜樱桃的采后管理措施

正甜樱桃是四川省茂县最具地域优势的特色水果之一,是当地经济发展的支柱产业,有"春果第一枝,羌乡第一果"之称。栽培品种有红灯、佳红、巨红、萨米脱、先锋、艳阳、早大果、龙冠、雷尼尔、砂蜜豆、美早、莫利、大紫、拉宾斯等。调查发现,很多种植户只重视甜樱桃采前管理,轻视采后管理,导致甜樱桃树体营养积累不充足,果园经济效益不稳。为此,笔者提出以下措施。     

贵州中部避雨栽培对4个大樱桃品种光合特性影响研究

【目的】研究贵州中部4个甜樱桃品种在避雨栽培条件下光合特性,为解析其成花结实障碍和制定相应的栽培管理措施提供依据。【方法】采用Li-6400XT便携式光合测定仪,测定了3年生‘萨米脱’、‘布鲁克斯’、%20‘美早’和‘黑珍珠’叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)及光合有效辐射(PAR)、叶温(T_i)、空气相对湿度(RH)、水分利用效率(WUE)和空气CO₂浓度(C_a)等生理生态因子的日变化。【结果】结果表明,避雨栽培环境中PAR、T_a、RH、C_a和T_i日变化幅度变小,而且PAR、T_a和T_i在中午明显低于露地,C_a中午高于露地,RH在早晚高于露地。避雨栽培下4个大樱桃品种中午期间的Pn均较露地栽培条件下出现不同幅度的下降。大樱桃光合特征对避雨栽培因品种差异而响应不同,在露地栽培条件下,4个大樱桃品种P_n均呈现“单峰”曲线,而避雨栽培下‘萨米脱’、‘美早’和‘黑珍珠’P_n日变化呈“双峰”曲线,‘布鲁克斯’仍然是“单峰”曲线但峰值出现较露地提前。气孔限制因素是导致光合“午休”发生的主要原因。【结论】避雨对贵州中部大樱桃光合特性有明显影响,尽管光照不足是影响贵州中部大樱桃成花结实的重要限制因子,但与光照相比,水分对于大樱桃成花结实影响更大,避雨是解决贵州中部大樱桃成花结实的一项有效措施。     

5个甜樱桃品种在浙江余姚地区的引种试验研究

对引入浙江余姚的‘朝阳1号’等5个甜樱桃品种进行避雨设施栽培试验，对其性状表现进行了观察研究。通过对各品种物候期、结果习性、丰产性、抗逆性和果实品质等观察和测定，以期为浙江余姚市甜樱桃产业发展筛选适生品种。结果表明，‘朝阳1号’、‘长丰1号’2个品种表现较好、适应性强、丰产性优、商品性好，可作为浙东沿海地区栽培发展品种。     

7个菠萝品种在云南省的引种表现

‘卡因’和‘巴厘’为云南菠萝的主栽品种。长期的种植过程中出现了种性退化、高劣果率等问题。本研究采用橡胶/菠萝间作模式,利用单因素随机区组设计,对‘苹果’、‘金钻’、‘金菠萝’、‘甜蜜蜜’、‘8号’、‘冬蜜’、‘蜜宝’等7个品种进行引种试种试验,比较生育性状、果实内在品质以及外观品质。结果表明：在云南幼龄橡胶林下,7个间作菠萝新品种均表现出良好的生长适应性和生长结果习性。‘甜蜜蜜’其营养生长状况最佳、自然抽蕾率高、单果重大小适宜、果形为长圆筒形,果心宽度小,果实内在品质佳,可作为鲜食品种在云南区域进行推广种植。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.