三种常用杀虫剂对广西蒙山地区柑橘木虱的田间防效试验

试验在广西梧州市蒙山县蒙山镇甘棠村金秋砂糖橘种植园开展,通过利用三种常用杀虫剂防治柑橘木虱的田间防效试验可知,22.4% 螺虫乙酯SC 、21%噻虫嗪EC、1.8%阿维菌素EC对柑橘木虱均有较好的防效,其中1.8%阿维菌素EC1440倍的防效最优,其次是21%噻虫嗪EC 3360倍,但两者防效差异不显著。三种药剂的持效期均可达15天以上,可在柑橘木虱防治上交替使用。     

添加助剂对4.5%联苯菊酯水乳剂防治柑橘木虱的增效作用

柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是黄龙病传播的重要媒介,目前其防治主要依赖于化学防治,为评价添加助剂对4.5 %联苯菊酯水乳剂防治柑橘木虱的增效作用,本文在室内测定了有机硅Silwet 408、矿物油、渗透剂JFC-2 3种助剂对4.5 %联苯菊酯水乳剂表面张力、接触角、持留量的影响,同时进行了田间防效对比。结果表明,3种助剂均能显著降低药液的表面张力和接触角,提高药液的持留量,对田间防效具有一定的增效作用。添加助剂后,4.5 %联苯菊酯水乳剂各浓度表面张力降低17.12 %～30.66 %,接触角降低9.22 %～21.63 %,药液持留量增加15.22 %～41.96 %,田间防效增加5.26 %～30.03 %。3种助剂通过降低药液的表面张力和接触角,增加药液在柑橘叶片上的持留量,对4.5 %联苯菊酯水乳剂防治柑橘木虱具有较好的增效作用。     

丁硫克百威20%乳油防治柑橘锈壁虱效果评价

摘要：柑橘锈壁虱(Eriophyes oleivorus),是湖南安化县柑橘主要害螨之一,为了筛选出安全、高效和低毒药剂防治该螨,在2011和2012年,进行了20%丁硫克百威乳油与24%螺螨脂悬浮剂等5种杀螨剂田间药效对比试验,并通过测定药后柑橘的铜果率对其商品性进行了评价。结果表明20%丁硫克百威乳油对柑橘锈壁虱成螨、若螨速效性最好,持效期最长,防治效果最显著。此外,螺螨脂24%悬浮剂也有较好的防效,二者可在生产中交替轮换使用,以避免害螨对单一药剂抗生抗药性。     

25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂防治柑橘蚜虫药效试验

噻虫嗪水分散粒剂是一种高效内吸性广谱杀虫剂,为评价其对柑橘蚜虫的防治效果,2011年及2012年分别进行了25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂防治柑橘蚜虫的药效试验。2年试验结果表明,25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂防治柑橘蚜虫速效性好,8000、10000、12000倍液药后1天、3天、7天防治效果均一直保持在100%。试验剂量范围内未发现药剂对柑橘产生药害,对天敌比较安全,可以在生产上推广应用。     

矿物油防治柑橘刺吸式害虫药效试验初报

药效试验表明,不同矿物油乳油对柑橘红蜡蚧和柑橘全爪螨有理想防效,97%矿物油乳油50倍液药后5天对红蜡蚧防效达85.30%,95%矿物油乳油50倍液药后5天对红蜡蚧防效达93.35%%,99%矿物油乳油150倍液对柑橘全爪螨药后3天、10天的防效分别达97.32%、94.44%;安全性高,对柑桔和天敌生物无不良影响;长期使用不会产生抗性。     

腈吡螨酯对柑橘红蜘蛛的毒力测定及田间防效

室内测定了腈吡螨酯对柑橘红蜘蛛的毒力,结果表明,腈吡螨酯对柑橘红蜘蛛具有较高活性,其LC50为12.566mg/L,其毒力是哒螨灵的2.23倍,是螺螨酯的4.65倍;田间药效试验结果表明,腈吡螨酯对柑橘红蜘蛛具有很好的控制作用,且持效期长,药后30 d,供试中（100mg/L）、高（150mg/L）浓度的腈吡螨酯对柑橘红蜘蛛的防效仍达92%以上,是目前防治柑橘红蜘蛛理想的替换药剂之一。     

阿维菌素和螺螨酯对柑橘红蜘蛛的联合毒力

摘要 选阿维菌素和螺螨酯两种原药配制成不同比例的混剂,采用Potter喷雾法测定各自对柑橘全爪螨的室内联合毒力。结果表明,阿维菌素和螺螨酯不同配比的混剂对柑橘全爪螨有不同的复配效应,其中配比1:25混剂的共毒系数为117.23,表现为相加作用,配比1:5、1:10、1:15、1:20混剂的共毒系数分别为144.04、188.77、141.61、165.43,表现为增效作用,其中配比1:10混剂的共毒系数最大,具有最好的增效作用。     

植物源甘油酯及其减药组合对3种柑橘害虫的药效评价

为探索植物源甘油酯及其减药组合对3种柑橘害虫的防效和减药增效作用,以柑橘红蜘蛛、柑橘粉虱和康氏粉蚧为防治对象,测试了植物源甘油酯及其与联苯肼酯的减药组合对柑橘红蜘蛛的防控效果,植物源甘油酯及其与啶虫脒的减药组合对柑橘粉虱、康氏粉蚧的防控效果。结果表明,将植物源甘油酯作助剂,与减少50%用量的联苯肼酯、啶虫脒混用,均可达到与常规剂量的防效,甚至部分处理防效略高于常规剂量;单独喷施2次植物源甘油酯100倍液和200倍液对柑橘粉虱的防效与常规剂量的啶虫脒防效均无显著差异,但喷施1次植物源甘油酯200倍液对柑橘红蜘蛛和柑橘粉虱的防效较差;植物源甘油酯对康氏粉蚧无效。因此,单独使用植物源甘油酯防控柑橘红蜘蛛和柑橘粉虱时,建议采用200倍液喷施2次,推荐将植物源甘油酯与减少50%用量的联苯肼酯或啶虫脒混配使用。     

桂林地区柑橘全爪螨对几种杀螨剂抗药性分析

为了解近期桂林地区柑橘全爪螨抗药性发展情况,本文采用浸叶法调查了柑橘全爪螨对几种杀螨剂的抗药性,结果表明,对尼索朗,柑橘全爪螨卵抗性倍数为中抗水平,若螨抗性为低抗水平,雌成螨敏感性降低水平;对四螨嗪,柑橘全爪螨卵、若螨、雌成螨均处于低抗水平;对阿维菌素,柑橘全爪螨卵为低抗水平阶段,若螨和雌成螨处于敏感性降低水平;对克螨特和乙螨唑,柑橘全爪螨卵、若螨、雌成螨均没有产生抗性。由于尼索朗、四螨嗪、乙螨唑同属螨虫生长抑制剂,而尼索朗和四螨嗪已出现抗性,可以考虑乙螨唑-阿维菌素-克螨特轮换使用。     

乙螨唑及其复配剂对柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验

田间药效试验结果表明,20%乙螨唑悬浮剂6000～8000倍液和25%阿维菌素o乙螨唑悬浮剂10000～6000倍液对柑橘全爪螨速效性好,持效期长达30天,20%乙螨唑悬浮剂6000～8000倍液药后1-30天,6000、8000倍液防效保持在90.84-100%之间;25%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂10000～6000倍液药后1-30天,防效保持在90.92-100%。试验剂量范围内未发现药剂对柑橘产生药害,对天敌比较安全。     

茉莉酸甲酯对匍枝筋骨草细胞生长和β-蜕皮甾酮积累的影响

匍枝筋骨草悬浮细胞中含有较高β-蜕皮甾酮,为了进一步提高其β-蜕皮甾酮含量,通过添加茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)进行一系列试验研究。以4~10代筋骨草悬浮细胞为试验材料,测定不同处理浓度和处理时间的MeJA对细胞生长、β-蜕皮甾酮积累的影响,细胞生长量采用称量计数,β-蜕皮甾酮含量则使用高效液相进行检测。结果表明:匍枝筋骨草悬浮细胞生长曲线及β-蜕皮甾酮积累曲线符合Logistics模型。在细胞快速生长的初始期(第4天)或中期(第7天)添加不同浓度的MeJA,对细胞生长影响相对较小,生长曲线均有小高峰,分别出现在处理后第5天和第3天,干物质积累量分别达到0.60和0.62 g。而在细胞快速生长的高峰期添加MeJA,细胞生长曲线呈下降趋势,细胞鲜重和干重显著低于CK(P<0.05)。在细胞快速生长的初始期或中期添加MeJA后细胞鲜重与β-蜕皮甾酮积累量呈显著相关。在细胞快速生长的初始期或中期添加10~50 μmol·L^-1 MeJA后,细胞鲜重与CK对比表现为显著增加,其中添加50 μmol·L^-1 MeJA后细胞鲜重最佳,最高可达到35.90 g,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。而同样条件下β-蜕皮甾酮表现为积累量小幅增加,最高量为0.5095 mg·g^-1。添加100~200 μmol·L^-1 MeJA均会抑制细胞的生长,其中添加200 μmol·L^-1 MeJA细胞鲜重与CK相比显著下降,抑制率最高可达到38.88%。而添加100~200 μmol·L^-1 MeJA后β-蜕皮甾酮积累量表现为大幅提升,最高可达3.5315 mg·g^-1,为同期CK的14.44倍(P<0.01)。在细胞快速生长的高峰期添加10~200 μmol·L^-1 MeJA后,细胞鲜重与CK相比都表现为下降,说明在此时添加这些浓度MeJA可抑制细胞的生长,最高抑制率可达31.01%。而在细胞快速生长的高峰期添加10~50 μmol·L^-1 MeJA后,β-蜕皮甾酮积累量可在短时间内大量激增,β-蜕皮甾酮积累量最高达到1.4136 mg·g^-1,是CK的5.06倍(P<0.01)。添加100~200 μmol·L^-1 MeJA则积累量较少。在细胞快速生长的中期添加100 μmol·L^-1 MeJA条件下对细胞的刺激较小,β-蜕皮甾酮积累量最高,达到3.5315 mg·g^-1。     

黄芪多糖佐剂对Ⅰ型鸭疫里氏杆菌灭活疫苗的作用研究

本研究以Ⅰ型鸭疫里氏杆菌武汉分离株为菌种,经复苏、增菌、浓缩、灭活后与黄芪多糖佐剂混合制成灭活疫苗。试验鸭在5日龄时按最佳免疫剂量（0.3 mL/只）注射疫苗,免疫后第3、7、10、14、21天的攻毒保护率分别为100%、90%、100%、100%、90%,免疫后第3天即能用琼脂扩散法在血清中检测出Ⅰ型鸭疫里氏杆菌特异性抗体,效价逐渐升高,至免疫后第10天达高峰（P<0.01）。试验结果表明,该灭活疫苗能有效预防鸭传染性浆膜炎。     

40%乐桑乳油防治桑尺蠖效果的游程检测

为了筛选替代甲胺磷且适合于桑园害虫化学防治的新农药,测定了40%乐桑乳油对桑尺蠖的室内毒力,用非参数统计方法中的游程检测法,分析了2003-2004年江西、山东、江苏和浙江4省地的防治效果数据,构建了不同年份地域田间防治药效的综合评价方法。结果表明:40%乐桑乳油对桑尺蠖的LC50为175.40mg/L,高于50%甲胺磷乳油的LC50值(315.69mg/L),以267mg/L剂量喷药后的第1、7天,400mg/L喷药后第1、3、7天的防治效果依次为78.54%、81.78%和87.62%、90.96%、91.01%;50%甲胺磷乳油以500mg/L剂量喷药后的第1、3、7天,防治效果分别为79.85%、85.52%和80.63%。结果显示40%乐桑乳油可以替代甲胺磷用于防治桑园害虫。     

不同浓度牛磺酸对猪精液负压条件常温保存效果的影响

【目的】 探讨负压条件下向Modena稀释剂中添加不同浓度牛磺酸对长白公猪精子常温保存质量及抗氧化能力的影响,以期为猪精液保存体系的完善提供参考。【方法】 向Modena稀释剂中分别添加浓度为0（对照组）、1、5及10 mmol/L牛磺酸,各组精液在―0.04 Mpa条件下保存11 d。于第1、3、5、7、9及11天利用计算机辅助精子分析系统（CASA）检测精子活力、活率、畸形率、平均路径速度（VAP）、曲线速度（VCL）及鞭打频率（BCF）;利用试剂盒测定精液的总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）及H₂O₂含量。【结果】 在保存1~11 d期间,3个牛磺酸组猪精子的活力及活率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;第11天时5 mmol/L牛磺酸组猪精子畸形率显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）;自第3天开始,1、5及10 mmol/L牛磺酸组猪精子的VAP均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,其中以5 mmol/L牛磺酸组效果最佳;第11天时,5 mmol/L牛磺酸组猪精子的VCL、BCF均显著优于其他各组（P<0.05）;牛磺酸可显著提升猪精子的T-AOC （P<0.05）,但第11天时T-AOC较弱;第1~3天时,所有试验组间猪精子H₂O₂含量无显著差异,第5~11天时,3个牛磺酸组的H₂O₂含量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。【结论】 在―0.04 Mpa条件下,向Modena稀释剂中添加牛磺酸可以显著改善常温保存猪精液的质量参数与抗氧化性能,其中以5 mmol/L添加量最好,保存时间在9 d以内为宜。     

脂质体-禽巴氏杆菌荚膜抗原的免疫研究

将禽巴氏杆菌荚膜粗提物经SephadexG—200分子筛凝胶过滤层析,获得纯化荚膜抗原;然后用反相蒸发法制备脂质体-荚膜抗原(A组),并以单纯荚膜抗原(B组)、禽霍乱“731”菌苗(C组)作对照,进行免疫试验,以酶标单克隆抗体间接ELISA,分别检测IgM和IgG的效价.结果,免疫后3个组的IgM效价相差都不显著(P>0.05),A组的IgG效价明显增高,与其他两组差异非常显著(P<0.01).3个组的IgM、IgG消长规律一致,IgM于免疫后7d开始上升,峰值在14d,其后下降迅速,第8周后降至免疫前水平,IgG于免疫后14d开始明显上升,峰值在28d,其后缓慢下降.保护率,A、B、C组分别为67％、33％、33％.结果表明,脂质体对禽巴氏杆菌荚膜抗原具有明显的佐剂作用.     

The influence of transport stress on the humoral immunological response of calves induced by Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin

In the contemporary systems of cattle production, transport stress is the most essential poly-etiological factor responsible for inducing unfavourable reactions in the animals. The main reason for this phenomenon is the immunosuppressive effect of steroid hormones on cellular and humoral protective mechanisms. The purpose of the present study was to establish the relationship between the cortisol concentration as an indicator of the stress reaction occuring directly after the transportation of calves and the specific humoral immune response to the leukotoxin (Lkt) antigen produced by the M. haemolytica strain. The experiment was carried out on 19 clinically healthy calves, weighing about 100 kg and transported by track for about 2 hours. After the delivery of the animals for feeding to the traditional cattle-house, the calves were immunized s.c.: group I with 1 ml Lkt (in conc.--10 microg/ml) with 1 ml of adjuvant on the 1st and 14th day after the transportation, group II with the same Lkt doses on the 3rd and 16th day after the transportation. The animals of the control group were vaccinated on the 1st and 14th day after the transportation with the twice diluted adjuvant. In examined sera the cortisol concentrations and the level of Lkt antibodies were measured by ELISA test. The cytotoxin neutralizing (CN) antibody level (cytotoxity assay) was determined with a simple visual assay. The study revealed, significant differences (P < or = 0.01) in serum cortisol levels between the control and experimental animals. The analysis of the absorbance of the sera in both groups immunized with Lkt showed substantial differences (P < or = 0.05) from the 6th through to 22nd day of the experiment compared with the control group. The analysis of the results of CN antibody titers showed no differences between the sera from group I and II. Based on the results obtained in this experiment it can be assumed, that a short transportation stress has no important influence on the level of specific humoral anti-Lkt response.     

碘醚柳胺对6月龄伊犁马驹驱虫效果的研究

试验旨在研究碘醚柳胺对6月龄伊犁马驹驱虫的效果。选取体重（117.60±15.84）kg、出生日期相近、在同一放牧草场放牧的6月龄伊犁马公马驹10匹,随机分为两组：对照组和试验组,每组5匹。两组马驹饲喂相同营养水平的粗饲料和精料补充料。试验组马匹用碘醚柳胺混悬液驱虫剂驱虫,对照组不进行驱虫。驱虫后,进行为期18 d的饲养试验,统计各组马驹粪便中虫卵排出的种类及数量并计算驱虫效果。结果表明,6月龄马驹粪便中共鉴别出9种虫卵,包括马副蛔虫、毛圆线虫、盅口线虫、细颈三齿线虫、埃及腹盘吸虫、韦氏类圆线虫、安氏网尾线虫、马蛲虫、侏儒副裸头绦虫;碘醚柳胺驱虫后第3天每克粪便的虫卵数（EPG）达到最高（13 500个/g）;驱虫后第6天,马驹寄生虫感染率降为6.37%,虫卵减少率为90.59%,转阴率为93.63%;驱虫后第18天,感染率降为13.33%,虫卵减少率为71.91%,转阴率为86.67%。结果表明,新疆昭苏马场6月龄马驹肠道寄生虫感染的种类较多,碘醚柳胺的驱虫效果在用药后的前6 d内最明显,用药后第18天药效减弱。     

Research on Anthelmintic Effects of Rafoxanide on Six Months Old Yili Horses

This test was aimed to research the role of rafoxanide on anthelmintic effects in six months old Yili horses.Ten Yili male horses with same date of birth,body weight（117.60±15.84)kg and the horses of six months old were randomly divided into 2 groups,each group of 5 horses,control and trial groups,respectively.The horses in two groups were fed with the same nutritional levels of roughage and concentrate supplement.Horses of trial group were expelled passasite by rafoxanide,but control group had not treatment.After expelling passasite,and a 18-day feeding trials,the number of worm eggs output and species in each horses were calculated,and anthelmintic effects were evaluated.The results showed that we identified 9 species worm eggs,included Parascaris SP,Capillaria equouum,Cyathostomes,Triodontophorus tenuicollis,G. acgyptiacus,Strongyloides westeri,Dictyocaulus arnfieldi,Oxyuris equi and Paranoplace phala mamillana;on the 3rd day after expelling passasit, EPG was reached 13 500/g in fresh faeces;on the 6th day,the infection rate was 6.37%, the worm eggs reducing rate was 90.59%,the worm eggs flooding rate was 93.63%;On the 18th day, the infection rate was 13.33%,the worm eggs reducing rate was 71.91%,the worm eggs flooding rate was 86.67%.Therefore,there were more categories intestinal parasitic in six months old Yili horse in Xinjiang,rafoxanide had a good effect,and the effect of rafoxanide reduced after expelling passasite 18th day.     

Vaccination of donkeys against Babesia equi using killed merozoite immunogen

Protective efficacy of a killed Babesia equi immunogen was assessed in donkeys. The immunogen was prepared from B. equi infected blood so as to contain lysate of 2 x 10(10) parasitised erythrocytes per dose. The immunogen was mixed with an adjuvant Quil A (3mg) and inoculated into four susceptible donkeys (group I). A booster inoculation was given after 21 days of first inoculation followed by challenge with fresh infected blood containing 1x10(11) parasitised erythrocytes 14 days later. Two groups of two donkey each were included as adjuvant only control (group II) and uninoculated control (group III), respectively. After challenge, donkeys were observed for a period of 4 weeks. The immunised donkeys (group I) showed significantly high (P<0.05%) enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) antibody titres and significantly high (P<0.05%) stimulation indices (SI) in lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA) than that of groups II and III donkeys from day 14 PI and day 7 PI onwards, respectively. All the immunised donkeys withstood lethal challenge, whereas, control donkeys died within 10 days post-challenge (PC). Parasitaemia rose to mean maximum 8.0+/-6.0% for 5-7 days in group I donkeys after challenge, whereas, it rose to 55.5% in control groups. The percent rise in rectal temperature, total leucocyte count (TLC), fall in haemoglobin (Hb) was less severe in immunised group as compared to the control groups. Two immunised-challenged donkeys were splenectomised recovery. No parasites appeared in the blood during the observation period following splenectomy 4-week. Three times increase in skin-fold thickness at 24h of intradermal inoculation prior to challenge in group I donkeys was observed, thus, indicating a good in vivo cell mediated immunity. It can be concluded that the B. equi immunogen along with adjuvant Quil A, used in the present study, was optimum to elicit a strong immune response against B. equi in experimental donkeys.