设施栽培对油桃营养生长及果实生长发育的影响

设施内油桃的树体生物量(未含果实)较露地增加66.2%。单株全年新梢总长度增加1.0倍,总叶面积增加87.1%,比叶重(SLW)减小,根冠比下降。设施栽培加剧了新梢生长和果实生长对光合产物的竞争。果实生长对设施栽培的反应主要表现在Ⅰ期、Ⅲ期延长,Ⅱ期缩短,果实整个发育期延长10～15d,各期平均长度(天数)与夜间温度呈显著负相关(r=-0.9150)。设施栽培使果实普遍增大,主要原因是果实生长Ⅰ期设施内夜温较低,促进果肉细胞分裂。     

高效有机肥对设施栽培土壤温度及桃生长发育的影响

研究了高效有机肥对设施栽培土壤温度及春捷毛桃生长发育的影响.结果表明:使用有机肥提高前期地温2℃～3℃,使气温与地温协调一致,有效的避免了"先芽后花"现象.同时有机肥促进土壤表层(0～20 cm(厘米))根系的发生与生长,尤其是土壤表层的细根数量是对照的2.47倍;显著提高坐果率45.6%,并使新梢生长健壮,延长第一次果实膨大期,缩短果实硬核期,使果实成熟期提前10 d～12 d(天),提高了果实整齐度和平均单果重,改善果实品质.     

日光温室杏树物候期与温度变化观察研究

采用实地观察和分析的方法,研究日光温室栽培杏树的物候期对温度变化的影响。结果表明:日光温室内杏树物候期与露地相比发生了明显变化,生长前期同一物候期比露地延长,到果实硬核期后,同一物候期则明显缩短。1月份日光温室内气温可达到10.2～11.4℃,温室内杏树萌芽、开花、新梢生长几乎同时进行,而此时地温(20cm)为5.8～10.2℃,根系未进入快速生长期,落花现象较重。日光温室内杏树在果实着色期及成熟期时温差较室外小,分别为10.5～12.0℃,不利优质果品生产。     

分期施肥对富士苹果钙素吸收的影响

为了确定苹果钙的吸收利用与施肥时期的关系,以盛果期的富士苹果(Malus domestica cv.Fuji)为试材,比较了相同钙素含量分期施肥的效果,结果表明,春季一次性施肥能够大幅度提高当季土壤总钙和交换性钙、根系及幼果的钙浓度,但后期下降显著;春夏2次施肥能极显著提高夏季根系钙浓度,促进膨大期的果实吸收和积累大量的钙;分3次施肥能保持整个生长季节土壤和根系钙素供应水平的稳定,成熟果实钙的浓度和积累量明显高于其它施肥处理。研究结果进一步证实,幼果期能够吸收积累成熟果实46.8%～62.4%的钙,膨大期的果实能够继续吸收积累约总钙的33.85%～45.42%,即使是秋季,如果施肥也能积累较高比例的钙(占总钙量的13%～18.6%)。长期、适量的连续补充钙肥有利于改善果实的钙素营养。     

设施栽培中桃树14C同化物分配特性的研究

 利用放射性同位素¹⁴C - 示踪方法研究了设施桃树果实不同发育时期¹⁴ C同化物的运转分配特性。结果表明: 在果实膨大期和果实成熟期, 分配到果实中的¹⁴C同化物最多, 随着果实生长, 分配到果实中的¹⁴C同化物比例增加。叶片的自留量小于果实获得的¹⁴C同化物量, 且随着果实的生长, 叶片的自留量逐渐减少。在各器官中果实的放射比活性最强, 其次为叶片与根系。说明果实膨大期和果实成熟期是设施桃树对碳素同化物需求和竞争最大的时期。     

几种保果剂在龙眼幼树上的应用效果(简报)

龙眼果实整个生育期为100～110d．果实生长过程有3个落果期：第一次在谢花后1～2周内，幼果处于“并粒期”并开始分大小。落果量占总落果数的40％～60％，主要原因是授粉受精不良；第二次在谢花后5～6周，此时果实开始进入迅速生长期。果肉增厚、种子发育需要消耗大量养分，若树势弱，结果过多，果实发育得不到充足的肥水供应，会引起大量落果，落果量占总落果数的30％以上；     

薄膜棚架避雨对杨梅营养生长及果实品质的影响

在杨梅硬核期开始薄膜棚架避雨栽培,比较避雨栽培与露地栽培温湿度,杨梅生长与果实品质的差异。结果表明,薄膜棚架避雨栽培的平均温度比露地处理高0.17℃,平均相对湿度比露地处理高0.87%;杨梅的叶长、叶宽比露地处理显著低9.08%和9.6%,叶厚比露地处理显著低5.94%。果实烂果率和落果率分别比露地处理显著低51.59%和55.13%,果实转色期和成熟期比露地处理提早2~5d;单果质量比露地处理显著高5.76%;果实横径、纵径分别比露地处理高4.7%和1.65%;色差L、色差b分别比露地处理高5.4%和37.75%;总糖、可溶性固形物和维生素C分别显著比露地处理高2.28%、2.11%和3.05%;硬度和可滴定酸分别比露地处理低2.30%和3.36%。薄膜棚架避雨可明显提高杨梅栽培的经济效益。     

柑桔果实膨大期喷布三十烷醇的效应

为观察三十烷醇在果实膨大期,对柑桔果实膨大、果重和可溶性固形物含量的效应,我们于1984年9月13日(果实膨大后期)和1985年7月12日(果实膨大前期)在我县胜利桔园,分别选树势相当的5年生和6年生枳砧尾张温州蜜柑12株,随机排列,单株小     

设施油桃根系生长及与地上部生长的相关性

利用根窖法研究了设施栽培条件下曙光油桃根系与地上部生长之间的相关性。升温后30d,地温稳定通过10℃时,开始出现新根,升温后40～50d出现一次小的发根高峰,此后出现一个明显的停滞期。新根大量发生是在升温后70～100d,地温在13～15℃之间,此期的发根量约占整个扣棚期间发根总量的2/3。根系集中分布于20～60cm的深度区域内,各个土层的新根生长呈交替现象。根系生长与地上部新梢和果实生长都存在激烈的竞争关系,前期主要争夺贮藏营养,而后期则主要争夺光合产物。     

酿酒葡萄雷司令裂果怎么办

雷司令是一个极好的酿酒葡萄品种,在新疆发展面积很大。该品种果实即将收获时(8月15日左右),因果粒膨大互相挤压造成的裂果现象非常普遍,导致果汁外流、果肉外露,易招尘土污染和霉菌感染,影响果穗外观品质和果实内在品质,最终影响酿酒品质。针对致病原因,雷司令裂果病的防治措施主要有:1)合理修剪,调节结果量。冬剪依产定枝,夏剪及时抹芽疏梢,依树势依土肥定果穗。2)增施有机肥,加大土壤保水量。有条件的应实施果园种草技术,防止果实着色期水分亏缺,避免大水灌溉,以减少裂果。3)喷施植物生长调节剂。在花期和果实膨大期前(花后4周)喷施果实…     

小果型西瓜新品种‘农科大16号’

‘农科大16号’是用LM05作母本,LF17作父本杂交育成的小果型早熟西瓜新品种。植株生长势中等,平均单瓜质量1.8 kg,产量46.875 t·hm~(-2)。果实高圆形,果形指数1.2。果皮深绿色,上覆墨绿色中细条带,条带较清晰,皮厚0.5 cm,韧性好,耐贮运。果肉红色,肉质沙细,汁多、纤维少,口感佳,中心折光糖含量12.6%,中边糖梯度小。全生育期96 d左右,果实发育期28 d左右。抗病性、抗逆性强。适宜春季设施栽培。     

黄皮优质小西瓜新品种泉鑫2号、3号的选育

泉鑫2号、3号系湖南博达隆科技发展有限公司最新选育的黄皮优质有籽小西瓜新品种。泉鑫2号为早熟品种,全生育期85d左右,果实发育期27d。单果重2-2.5kg,露地爬地栽培产量2000-2400kg/667m2,立架栽培3500-4600kg/667m2。果实短椭圆形,果形指数1.10左右,果皮浅黄有黄色细条纹,厚0.7cm;瓤色鲜黄有绿色纤维,瓤质沙脆,纤维少,中心可溶性固形物含量12%左右,边部7.5%左右。抗逆性强,易坐果。泉鑫3号为早熟品种,全生育期85d,果实发育期28d左右。单果重2.3kg左右,露地爬地栽培产量2200-2600kg/667m2,立架栽培3500-4600kg/667m2。植株生长势中强,抗性较强,易坐果。果实短椭圆形,果形指数1.16左右;果皮浅黄色覆浅绿线条;瓤色深红,瓤质爽脆,中心可溶性固形物含量11.5%左右,边部8.5%左右;品质和口感极佳。     

Fruit growth and chemical properties of Ribes magellanicum “parrilla”

The aim of this work was to study the time course and pattern of fruit growth and the evolution of some of the chemical attributes such as soluble solids, acidity, and anthocyanin content in Ribes magellanicum plants growing in a natural environment near Ushuaia city, Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Fruit growth and composition presented significant changes along the days from the full bloom phase. Fresh and dry fruit weight exhibited a typical double sigmoid curve. The first period of rapid fresh fruit growth was from full bloom phase until 28 days after, followed by a lag period until 42 days from the full bloom phase, and then by a second period of rapid increase until 56 days from the full bloom phase. Then, fresh fruit weight increased slowly (days 70–98 from the full bloom phase), reaching its maximum. Afterwards, fresh fruit weight decreased significantly until the end of the summer, and the fruiting period approximately ended 112 days from full bloom phase. On a dry weight basis the maximum fruit biomass was reached 98 days from the full bloom phase. Evolution of fruit growth was related with the compositional changes evaluated. By day 98 from the full bloom phase, soluble solids (17.5°Brix) and anthocyanin content (240.1 mg/100 g fruit fresh weight) were at their maximum, while at this time the total titratable acidity was at a minimum (0.4%). The results obtained not only contribute to the knowledge of the quantitative content of anthocyanin, a metabolite with nutraceutical value, but also give some tools for the definition of the optimal harvest time of R. magellanicum fruits, which it is important for fruit destination.     

Pre-harvest growth and development,measured as accumulated degree days,determine the post-harvest green life of banana fruit

Summary

We aimed to define a more robust indicator for banana harvest date that ensures an optimal fruit green life (GL). Our hypothesis was that development rather than growth would account for GL more accurately. To this end, five indicators were compared: one related to fruit size (i.e., growth, expressed as the diameter of fruit); two related to fruit age [i.e., development, expressed as the age of fruit measured in the number of days or in degree days (°Cd) from inflorescence emergence]; and two related to metabolism during maturation (i.e., the concentrations of malate and citrate in the pulp). Different treatments (e.g., fruit removal, leaf shading, bunch bagging, defoliation, water deficit, and flooding) were applied to modify the fruit growth rate. On different dates between the emergence of the inflorescence and harvest, fruit GL and the five indicators were measured. The results showed that there was a decreasing exponential relationship between GL and accumulated °Cd from inflorescence emergence (r² = 0.77). This was more reliable than the relationships between GL and fruit diameter (r² = 0.39), or between GL and fruit age, expressed in days (r² = 0.39). Relationships were also established between GL and malate or citrate concentrations, but they were not sufficiently reliable to estimate GL. The results illustrate that GL is related to fruit development, and that °Cd is a more reliable criterion for harvest date than the number of days, or fruit diameter, because it is less sensitive to different fruit growth rates. Banana growers in the French West Indies usually use fruit diameter and age in days to determine harvest date. However, they face problems of fruit ripening during transportation. The use of °Cd as an indicator may help to determine the optimum harvest date more accurately.     

贵州露地草莓栽培品种比较试验

为筛选出适合贵州种植的露地草莓品种,从国内外引进新世纪1号、太空2008、法兰地、美香沙、土特拉、红实美、红太后、甜查理8个草莓品种进行品种比较试验,分析参试品种的产量、品质、物候期等。试验结果表明．新世纪1号、法兰地、甜查理品种植株生长健壮、抗病性强、结果性好、品质优、产量高,667m2产量达1500kg以上,可作贵州地区露地栽培的主推品种。     

红富士苹果果实大小分布的早期预测研究

以盛花后30～50d果实横径的日平均生长量(DFGR)作为预测指标,根据预测指标与采收时对应果实横径之间的线性回归方程y=153.571x+73.492(x为盛花后30～50dDFGRmm/d,y为采收时果实横径mm)来预测采收时果实的平均横径。同时根据红富士苹果采收时果实大小的分布获得以平均果实大小u为对称轴呈正态分布的曲线方程F=1/犤4×0.556×(2π)0.5犦×e-犤(x-u)^2/(2×0.556^2)犦(F为某一等级的果实分布频率,x为相应等级的果实横径),根据所获得的正态分布的曲线方程来预测采收时不同大小级别果实所占比例。连续3个生长季节预测分布状况和实测分布状况的比较结果表明:利用正态分布的曲线方程来预测富士苹果果实采收时不同大小级别分布,优于直接采用盛花后30～50dDFGR来预测采收时单果果实大小获得的不同果实大小的级别分布,且与实测的采收时果园果实大小分布的吻合度较高。     

Berberis buxifolia fruiting: Kinetic growth behavior and evolution of chemical properties during the fruiting period and different growing seasons

This work studied the growth of Berberis buxifolia fruits and some of their chemical attributes during the fruiting period and different growing seasons (2004/2005, 2005/2006, 2006/2007) from November (14 days from full flower phase) till March (126 days from full flower phase) for plants growing in a natural environment near Ushuaia city (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). B. buxifolia fruit growth and composition presented significant changes during the fruiting period and the studied growing seasons. Fresh and dry weight of B. buxifolia fruits exhibited a typical double sigmoid curve. The first period of rapid growth was from full flower phase till 42–56 days after, while the second phase of rapid growth began around the 56–70 days from full flower and ended approximately 4 months later. On a dry weight basis the maximum fruit biomass (119.5 mg) was reached 112 days after full flower while maximum fresh weight fruit biomass (424.3 mg) occurred by day 84. Evolution of fruit growth was related with the compositional changes evaluated. By day 126 from full flower, soluble solids (24.9°Brix) and anthocyanin concentration (761.3 mg/100 g fruit fresh weight) were at their maximum values, while at this time the total titratable acidity was at a minimum value (2.56%). The results obtained not only contributes to the knowledge of the quantitative content of anthocyanin, a metabolite with nutraceutical value but, gives some tools for the definition of the optimal harvest time of B. buxifolia fruits, what it is important for fruit destination.     

西瓜新品种‘农科大13号’

‘农科大13号’西瓜是用‘M08’作母本,‘F10’作父本杂交育成的中熟新品种。全生育期100 d,果实发育期35 d。植株生长势较强,平均单瓜质量6.5 kg,产量49.785 t·hm-2。果实椭圆形,果形指数1.4。果皮深绿色,覆墨绿色中细条带,条带较清晰,皮厚1.2 cm,韧性好,耐贮运。果肉红色,肉质沙细,汁多,纤维少,口感佳,中心折光糖11.5%,中边糖梯度小。抗病性、抗逆性强。适宜在中国北方地区春季露地地膜栽培。     

加温促成栽培‘上野’温州蜜柑物候期与品质变化特性研究

以‘上野’温州蜜柑为试材,研究了加温促成栽培柑橘果实成熟期间着色变化与糖、酸积累特性及加温起始时间对柑橘物候期变化的影响。结果表明,12月13日加温可使柑橘1月开花,6月下旬成熟,比露地栽培成熟期提早4个月以上;加温延迟,物候期相应推迟。加温促成栽培柑橘果实的色差值随果实成熟而上升,但成熟时色差a*和b*值都比露地成熟果实低。促成栽培柑橘果实可溶性固形物和糖分含量随果实成熟而上升,可滴定酸与有机酸含量随果实成熟而下降。促成栽培的柑橘果实以积累果糖为主,其次为葡萄糖,蔗糖含量最低,不到总糖含量的1/3。加温促成栽培柑橘着色不良与糖分构成的改变可能与果实成熟期间所处的高温环境有关。