5个抗黄萎病棉花品种的抗性配合力分析

以陆地棉的5个抗黄萎病品种为父本,4个感病品种为母本,采用不完全双列杂交配制20个组合,进行黄萎病抗性配合力研究。结果表明,冀122、中植棉2号在发病率、病情指数、相对病情指数3个性状上均具有较高的一般配合力（GCA）效应,而冀棉616、豫棉112、徐棉18号则为负向效应。通过特殊配合力（SCA）效应分析,有9个组合具有正效应,而11个组合为负效应。通过估算3个性状的GCA方差和SCA方差,表明这些性状主要受加性基因效应控制。通过遗传力分析,3个性状广义遗传力较大,可在早代选择。     

陆地棉黄萎病抗性遗传分析

以抗落叶型黄萎病棉花品系常抗棉,耐黄萎病品系中5173、河北抗黄、山东抗黄及感病品种TM 1、军棉1号、新陆早1号、感病1号8个材料进行8×8半双列杂交,对亲本及F1的黄萎病株率及病情指数等主要性状进行了研究,采用MINQUE(1)法估算方差分量,采用AUP法预测遗传效应值。遗传估算方差结果表明,在病圃人工接菌条件下,品种平均病指及收获期剖秆病指均以加性遗传效应为主。遗传力分析表明,黄萎病的广义和狭义遗传率均达极显著。基因效应预测值表明,抗及耐黄萎病品种与感病品种之间存在极显著差异。协方差分析表明,表示黄萎病抗性两个性状(成株期平均病指及收获期剖秆病指)之间存在极显著的正相关,而黄萎病与产量性状之间存在极显著负相关。     

8个陆地棉染色体片段置换系黄萎病抗性的初步鉴定

以黄萎病高抗品种新陆早33和易感品种新陆中36为对照,采用无底营养钵浇根和田间自然病圃相结合的鉴定方法,用发病率、病情指数、抗指、抗效4个鉴定指标为依据,在新疆植棉模式下对来源于同一背景的8个陆地棉染色体片段置换系的抗黄萎病性进行了初步检测和鉴定。结果表明,抗指所鉴定的反应型与病情指数鉴定的反应型一致,抗效的鉴定反应型的标准要低于抗指的鉴定反应型标准,花铃期的鉴定标准要低于苗期的鉴定标准;代号为CSSL155的置换系的反应型为抗病类型,可以作为抗病品种资源进行利用;对苗期的鉴定指标和花铃期的鉴定指标进行差异显著性分析,发现可以用苗期的鉴定预测成株期的发病情况,为常规抗病育种提供理论依据。     

陆地棉和海岛棉的黄萎病抗性遗传研究

以3个海岛棉品种和5个陆地棉品种配制的23个正反交组合的四个分离群体(F1、F2、BC1和BC2)为材料,以中等致病力的安阳菌系接种,研究陆地棉和海岛棉黄萎病抗性的遗传规律。结果表明,海岛棉品种间杂交,F2和BC2抗病和感病单株的分离比例均符合3∶1和1∶1,其黄萎病抗性是由一个显性基因控制;陆地棉品种间F2和BC2的抗病和感病单株的分离比例也均符合3∶1和1∶1,其黄萎病抗性也是由一个显性基因控制。用海岛棉抗病品种与陆地棉抗病品种进行种间杂交,其F2和BC2的抗病株均在95%以上,而用海岛棉抗病品种与陆地棉感病品种进行杂交,其F2和BC2抗病株和感病株的分离比例符合3∶1和1∶1,表明海岛棉和陆地棉的黄萎病抗病基因可能位于同一基因位点。     

不同来源海岛棉品种黄萎病抗性遗传研究

以国内外4个来源不同的海岛棉品种与我国育成的8个陆地棉品种组配的32个不同类型的杂交组合为材料, 在人工生长室条件下, 用4个不同致病力类型黄萎病菌系于棉花苗期接种, 进行了海岛棉黄萎病抗性的鉴定和遗传研究。 结果表明, 海岛棉品种Pima90-53(美洲型)、 Giza70(埃及型)、 5010F和吐海2号(中亚埃及型)具有对强致病力     

棉花远缘杂交创制抗黄萎病新种质

本研究通过陆地棉与异常棉、辣根棉、旱地棉、雷蒙德氏棉、黄褐棉等野生棉的远缘杂交和回交等,育成65份陆地棉背景的远缘种质系。农艺性状鉴定结果 ,这些种质系的株高平均值与陆地棉品种处于相同水平,单株果枝数、单株果节数、单株结铃数、铃重、衣分平均值均低于陆地棉品种,纤维长度、断裂比强度均高于陆地棉品种,马克隆值均低于陆地棉品种。落叶型黄萎病菌系V991人工病圃抗性鉴定结果,从65份陆地棉背景的远缘种质系中获得5份抗黄萎病的棉花新种质系,其中苏远040、苏远045、苏远061病情指数分别为8.33、4.35、7.79,高抗黄萎病;苏远030、苏远034病情指数分别为12.35、13.70,抗黄萎病。追踪陆地棉抗黄萎病新种质系的亲缘关系发现,苏远040和苏远045为陆地棉与雷蒙德氏棉杂交后代,苏远061为陆地棉与黄褐棉杂交后代,苏远030和苏远034为陆地棉与旱地棉杂交后代。这些优质、抗黄萎病新种质的育成,拓宽了陆地棉的遗传基础,为我国棉花抗病新品种选育提供种质材料。     

接种不同致病力黄萎病菌的F1代棉花的基因型抗性研究

 在乌兹别克斯坦,棉黄萎病对棉花造成严重损失。为了选育能抗强致病力菌系的棉花品种,需确定棉花对不同地域的强致病力菌系的基因型抗性和F₁代的抗性遗传度。研究发现,品种Omad和品系L-44,L-408,L-155,L-1708对所选菌系的抗性最好。当受到侵染时,它们表现出超敏感性,但不表现黄萎病症状。F₁代的黄萎病抗性为超显性和显性遗传,且与鉴定方法无关。同时,存在中间性遗传。遗传优势度取决于其亲本的配合力、F₁代受侵染时的基因反应型和不同地域菌系的致病力。其中,Omad,С-5621,L-44,L-1708的表型抗性高;在F₁代中,组合L-155×С-5621和L1708×С-5621的表型抗性较高,在50％～80％。黄萎病抗性遗传控制的特点是趋向于最好或最差亲本的负或正的超显性、显性遗传以及中间型遗传。对所选菌系,杂交组合L-155×С-5621 和 L-155×L-44的综合抗性最好。     

中棉所12的黄萎病抗性遗传与育种应用研究

 以2个海岛棉品种和5个陆地棉品种为材料与中棉所12进行正反交,配制14个杂交组合的F₁和F₂ 。采用纸钵育苗,撕底伤根接种方法对14个组合的F₁和F₂群体进行黄萎病抗性鉴定。结果表明,以中棉所12作父本与海岛棉抗黄萎病品种或陆地棉抗黄萎病品种进行杂交,F₂抗（耐）病株与感病株的分离符合3：1的分离规律,说明海岛棉的抗黄萎病性对于中棉所12的耐黄萎病性为显性,中棉所12的耐黄萎病性对于陆地棉的感黄萎病性为显性,控制黄萎病抗性的基因为一个显性主基因。然而,以中棉所12为母本与海岛棉品种、抗病陆地棉品种和感病陆地棉品种进行杂交,F₂群体中90%以上的个体为抗病类型,说明中棉所12的细胞质中存在着抗黄萎病的遗传成分,具有细胞质母体遗传的特点,在棉花抗黄萎病育种中具有重要的利用价值。     

棉花黄萎病菌与抗黄萎病遗传育种研究进展

简要综述了棉花黄萎病菌及抗黄萎病遗传育种的研究进展。研究表明 ,各地的棉花黄萎病菌均存在致病力的分化 ,其致病机理是病菌侵入棉花后菌丝及孢子在导管内大量繁殖 ,同时刺激邻近的薄壁细胞产生胶状物质及侵填体而堵塞导管 ,使水分和养分运输发生困难 ,更重要的是病菌在棉株体内产生的糖蛋白毒素作用的结果。棉花抗黄萎病的遗传方式争论较大 ,但一般在温室由单一菌系接种鉴定时棉花黄萎病抗性表现为单基因遗传 ,而在田间病圃或用多菌系混合鉴定时 ,棉花黄萎病抗性表现为多基因遗传。由于陆地棉内缺乏高抗黄萎病资源 ,给棉花抗黄萎病育种带来一定困难 ,但 90年代以来 ,已育成 86 - 6、川 73 7、川 2 80 2、豫棉 1 9号、豫棉 2 1号等一些抗黄萎病的新品种。上述抗黄萎病品种在棉花黄萎病综合防治中起了重要作用     

不同抗性品种对棉花黄萎病菌致病力的影响

 以1个海岛棉品种和15个陆地棉品种为分离寄主,采取单孢分离,共分离出67个黄萎病菌系。以抗性差异较大的海岛棉品种Pima90-53和陆地棉品种冀棉20、邯208和中棉所8号为鉴别寄主,采用苗期营养钵定量注菌液法对分离菌系进行了致病力鉴定。结果表明,同一地块田间不同品种所分离菌系的致病力类型并非单一类型,而是由致病力连续变化的多种致病力菌系类型组成;由不同品种分离出的菌系致病力存在差异,寄主品种的抗性与分离的黄萎病菌系的致病力无关,但不同基因型品种可能会影响不同致病力菌落的消长。     

Influence of plant age,disease incubation time,and host plant resistance on Verticillium wilt symptom expression in lucerne (Medicago sativa)

Summary The most economical means to control Verticillium wilt in lucerne, caused by Verticillium albo-atrum, is through resistant cultivars. Most Verticillium wilt resistance evaluations use some form of root-cut-soak inoculation procedure. In Trial 1, three lucerne cultivars were inoculated at eight plant ages and plant symptoms were scored at ten successive weekly intervals. Trial 2 consisted of two cultivars inoculated at ten plant ages and symptoms were evaluated at eight weekly intervals. In an experiment to study the genetics of resistance to this pathogen, four plants showing no visual symptoms were selected from each of four germplasms. The selected populations were crossed in diallel fashion. The population crosses plus the parents were evaluated for resistance to V. albo-atrum. Results from Trial 1 and Trial 2 showed disease severity increased with increasing inoculation age and with increasing scoring age. Cultivar symptom expression interacted with inoculation age, but not with scoring age. The diallel analysis supported resistance to Verticillium wilt being conferred by additive gene action, as heterosis was not detected and general combining ability mean square was 3.75 times larger than the specific combining ability mean square.     

Resistance to Coffee Berry Disease in Arabica Coffee Variety 'Ruiru 11'

General and specific combining ability effects for resistance to coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack sensu Hindorf) in Coffea arabica variety ‘Ruiru 11’ and its parents were estimated according to the North Carolina Design II. A set of nine male parents and eleven females were crossed in all possible combinations to generate ninety-nine single cross hybrids constituting the ‘Ruiru 11’ variety. The parents and their hybrid progenies were screened and the mean score data analyzed for possible genetic variation. The contributions of the parents to the total genetic variance were low hence the low narrow sense heritability (h²= 0.04). The male and female parents accounted for 9.36 % and 0.96 %, respectively, while their interaction effect accounted for 89.68 %. In the analysis of combining ability for resistance, ExB3.96 and Cat.90 exhibited significant negative general combining ability (GCA). Specific combining abilities (SCA) were negative and significant for Cat.86 × ExB3.99, Cat.127 × ExB3.116 and Cat.119 × ExB3.879 crosses. The implications of these results in selection for highly resistant ‘Ruiru 11’ progenies are discussed.     

转基因抗虫棉核不育系配合力及杂种优势分析

为了分析转基因抗虫棉不育系的配合力和杂种优势。采用6×6NCⅡ交配设计,分析了6份转基因抗虫核不育系与6份陆地棉亲本杂交后,9个性状杂种F1的超父本优势、竞争优势和配合力。结果表明,籽棉产量超父本优势的平均值为19.44%,22个组合具正向的杂种优势;竞争优势的平均值为-8.36%,16个组合出现正向竞争优势。单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显。父本值与F1平均值的相关关系表明,8个性状F1代平均值与父本值的相关性达到极显著水平。经配合力分析,A1、A4、B1、B5等亲本的GCA较好;SCA效应显著的6个性状中,A1×B6、A3×B3等组合的SCA效应均为正值。     

芝麻杂种优势与配合力效应关系的研究

本文对54个芝麻杂交组合,10个性状的杂种优势与配合力效应关系研究表明:芝麻杂种优势普遍存在,而且超显性优势较强,其优势顺序依次为单株产量>单株蒴数>果轴长>株高,其它性状优势较小.各性状的杂种优势与其特殊配合力效应均呈显著的正相关.杂种优势主要由其特殊配合力效应提供.但某些组合的特殊配合力效应很小,甚至为负值,其杂种优势表现也很明显,这主要是由于亲本一般配合力效应中包括很大部分杂种优势效应.因此,在选配强优组合时,除了考虑组合的特殊配合力效应外,亲本的优势效应也是不可忽视的.     

杂交水稻产量及农艺性状杂种优势分析

为探讨杂种优势与双亲值、双亲一般配合力（GCA）、组合特殊配合力（SCA）、双亲遗传距离的关系,利用10个不育系和10个恢复系,按不完全双列杂交配制100个组合,对杂交水稻产量及农艺性状的杂种优势进行了分析,探索杂种优势的预测方法。结果表明：杂种一代的超亲优势和对照优势主要体现在穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数几个性状上,其具有正向超亲优势组合的比例分别达到61.0%、66.0%和53.0%,具有正向对照优势的比例分别为62.0%、78.0%和79.0%,结实率性状具有正向对照优势的比例也达到58.0%。杂种优势与父母本值、父母本平均值、高亲值、低亲值及父母本差值都有较为密切的关系,超亲优势与高亲值在8个性状上都极显著相关;对照优势与母本值、父母本平均值、高亲值都呈显著或极显著正相关。杂种优势与SCA和亲本的GCA效应值密切相关,特别是对照优势与SCA和双亲的GCA都呈显著或极显著正相关,同时与父母本的GCA之差和之和都有较大的关系。杂种优势与遗传距离的关系比较复杂,当遗传距离在5~5.5范围内,双亲的距离越远,杂种优势越强。     

优质蛋白玉米产量和品质性状配合力、杂种优势及相关分析

以3个优质蛋白玉米自交系（♀）和5个优质蛋白玉米自交系（♂）为试验材料,按照NCⅡ遗传交配设计组配成15个杂交组合,对其主要性状的配合力、杂种优势及其间相关进行分析。结果表明：①同一性状不同材料间,同一材料不同性状间其配合力效应表现复杂,存在不同效应大小和正负作用方向的差异,父本A粒深、容重的一般配合力均较高;母本2赖氨酸含量的一般配合力较高;组合3×C容重的特殊配合力较高。②小区产量与粒深、穗粗呈极显著正相关;赖氨酸含量与粗脂肪含量呈极显著正相关,与粗蛋白含量呈显著正相关。③赖氨酸含量、粗蛋白含量以超低亲杂种优势为主;粗淀粉含量以超中亲优势为主;粗脂肪含量以超高亲优势为主。     

Combining Ability for Grain Yield and other Agronomic Characters in Rice

A diallel analysis to identify parental lines and specific crosses through combining ability estimation was undertaken in a set of seven rice varieties. G riffing's Method I, Model I was employed for this purpose. The seven parents and 42 F₁s (including reciprocals) were grown in a randomized block design with four replications. Data were collected on 16 characters including a few root characters for which requisite number of plants were grown (in RBD design) in pot culture.
GCA and SCA variances were significant for all the characters. Reciprocal effects were also significant except for rachilla/panicle and grain length. An early flowering NC 1281 Mutant and Taichung Native 1: bold grain mutant were good general combiners for majority of characters. The crosses with high specific combining ability generally involved high × low general combiners. The cross Nira × T-N-1: bold grain mutant recorded best SCA effects for grain yield as well as all the important yield attributes and also for major root characters. In fact, in most of the high SCA registering crosses for various characters, Taichung Native 1: bold grain mutant or Nira was one of the parents commonly involved.     

Combining ability between lines of Cucumis sativus L. and Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef

Summary Three Cucumis sativus L. (CS) lines adapted to USA growing conditions were used as female parents in crosses to one line each of seven Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef. (CH) accessions used as male parents to determine the relative combining ability of the CH accessions for six horticultural characters. The 21 F₁ progenies were grown in a randomized complete block design in two locations and evaluated for fruit number, lateral branch number, fruit length, fruit length/diameter ratio, number of female flowering nodes, and days to anthesis. General combining ability (GCA) was significant for all characters in each location. Specific combining ability (SCA) was significant for all characters except days to anthesis in one location and lateral branch number in both locations. Significant location × combining ability interactions were also evident for several characters. Results suggest that CH may be useful for improving fruit yield in commercial cucumber, but that limitations may lie in the attainment of acceptable fruit.Research supported by the College of Agric. and Life Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison; USDA, ARS, and by funds from Pickle Packers Intl., Inc. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee of warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its improval to the exclusion of the other products or vendors that may also be suitable.