不同含水量对大葱种子活力的影响

本试验通过人工老化的方法,研究不同含水量对大葱种子活力的影响.结果表明:将种子含水量由8.4%降至5.5%～2.5%,不影响大葱种子活力,其发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、脱氢酶、电导率、可溶性糖含量和MDA含量无显著变化;当含水量低于2.0%时,种子活力显著下降.经人工老化处理后,含水量在5.5%～2.5%的种子,其活力保持较高水平,且显著提高种子抗老化的能力.     

铈元素对水稻老化种子发芽影响的研究

本文研究Ce浸种对自然和人工老化的水稻种子发芽的影响。 结果表明经Ce处理 后, 自然和人工老化种子的发芽率、 发芽指数、 活力指数都有明显提高, 呼吸作用增强 。 这是由于处理过的老化种子在发芽过程中SOD、 CAT和POD等保护酶活性增强, O2*－自由 基和MDA膜脂过氧化产物含量降低,种子浸泡液的电导率下降。Ce浸种处理对     

大葱种子人工老化与自然老化的活力变化比较研究

以大葱种子为材料,通过定期测定人工老化(45℃、100%RH)和自然老化(室温贮藏)各项活力和生理生化特性的变化,研究大葱种子衰老过程中的活力变化规律及两种研究方式的差异。结果表明,经人工老化处理的大葱种子,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和CAT活性随老化时间的延长而逐渐下降,POD活性随老化时间先下降后上升,种子活力在老化初期下降较快,后期下降较慢,而SOD活性和自由基含量变化不明显。自然老化状态下大葱种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、CAT和POD活性均随自然贮藏时间下降显著,说明种子的活力丧失明显。在发芽率变化一致的情况下,自然老化大葱种子发芽势、发芽指数、CAT活性、POD活性下降明显快于人工老化的种子,人工老化与自然老化的老化规律不完全一致,不能完全替代自然老化。     

人工老化对2种芝麻种子生理特性的影响

选用黑、白芝麻为材料,通过(58±1)℃人工老化处理后的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数以及种子浸泡液中电导率和糖含量、丙二醛含量和过氧化物酶活性的测定。试验结果表明,2种芝麻随着老化时间的延长,种子生活力发生不同程度的下降,白芝麻的下降幅度比黑芝麻的大。电导率、糖含量和丙二醛含量则随着种子老化程度的加剧而上升,过氧化物酶活性则下降。各指标间的相关分析显示,在相同的老化时间下黑芝麻的活力较白芝麻要高,以浸泡液的糖含量指示油料种子芝麻老化程度不合适。     

大葱种子引发及时效性的研究

以大葱为试验材料、KNO3为引发剂,研究其引发作用及持续时间。结果表明,KNO3对大葱种子具有引发效果,但引发的时效性因检测指标而变。引发可显著提高大葱种子活力,且对发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数的影响可分别保持1、2、3个月时间;引发对大葱种子酶活性的影响极其显著,但短暂,对SOD、CAT影响仅保持1个月时间,而对脱氢酶、POD则不足1个月;引发可显著降低膜透性,对浸出液可溶性糖的影响保持1个月,而对相对电导率则不足1个月。而在降低种子有毒物质方面,对H2O2引发效果仅能保持1个月,对MDA无作用。     

PEG引发对不结球白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究PEG引发处理对新夏青二号、夏冬青和华王不结球白菜种子在不同温度下发芽特性和幼苗抗氧化特性的影响。结果表明:经PEG引发处理不结球白菜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗干鲜重、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均高于对照;膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量降低;可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量均显著高于对照,不同品种的引发效果存在差异。以上结果显示,PEG引发提高了不结球白菜种子的活力并增强了幼苗的抗逆性。     

不同含水量对薏苡种子活力的影响

以辽薏苡1号种子为试验材料,通过人工老化的方法,研究不同含水量对薏苡种子活力的影响.结果表明,薏苡种子的含水量由16.94％降至14.89％,种子活力保持在较高水平.经人工老化处理后,种子含水量在14.89％时,其发芽率、发芽指数、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖的含量均达到最大值,淀粉酶、POD酶活性也处于较高水平;而种子浸出液的电导率、丙二醛的含量处于最低水平,脱氢酶活性相对下降最少.因此,在对薏苡种子进行长时期保存时,适当降低种子的含水量有利于其保持较高的活力.     

聚乙二醇模拟干旱胁迫对花生种子萌发的影响

采用不同渗透势浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱条件,探讨干旱胁迫对花生种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、根长、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的影响.结果显示:干旱胁迫显著降低了花生种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、根长;PEG浓度为0～100 g/L,花生种子的可溶性糖含量逐渐增加,可溶性蛋白降低,浓度超过100 g/L时可溶性糖含量逐渐下降,而可溶性蛋白呈现上升趋势.     

蓝茎冰草种子劣变过程中生理生化变化

研究蓝茎冰草（Pascopyrum smithii）种子在自然和人工老化过程中生理生化变化。结果表明：在自然和人工老化过程中，发芽率和活力指数下降，活力指数的变化先于发芽率，是反映种子质量的敏感指标；蓝茎冰草种子电导率与种子生活力及活力正相关；氨基酸泄漏与种子中游离氨基酸含量正相关，不反映种子膜的透性；蓝茎冰草种子中可溶性蛋白质含量随着人工老化而上升。     

聚乙二醇（PEG）渗透处理对老化油菜种子过氧化及细胞膜透性的影响

以老化油菜种子为材料,研究聚乙二醇(PEG)渗透处理对种子过氧化及细胞膜透性的影响.在10—15℃下,老化油菜种子经20%PEG6000渗透处理后,发芽率和发芽指数显著提高,种子的过氧化物含量及脂质过氧化水平降低,细胞膜透性下降,种子抗逆性明显提高.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.