劲霸螨扑的蜂场试验

通过添加复合增效剂(JK1OO-WPF2)而制成的复合型氟胺氰菊酯条(商品名:劲霸)与市场上某杀螨产品进行试验比较,以验证其防治效果、药效期和对蜜蜂的安全性.结果表明,劲霸的总落螨率为92.1％,综合药效期20天以上,防治期内平均每群每天伤蜂8.9只,为适度伤蜂.使用劲霸,可以有效解决蜜蜂对杀螨产品的抗药性问题.     

杀螨药物对蜂产品的污染

我国科技工作者研制成新型杀螨剂--螨扑(原料为氟氨氰菊酯)以来,控制了螨病的危害.但是,由于螨扑使用多年,蜂螨对氟氨氰菊酯已产生了抗药性,此问题国内外均有许多蜂农反映,以前螨扑杀螨效果非常好,最近几年差多了.……     

红四方纸片螨扑的蜂场治螨效果试验报告

该研究通过一种新型安全杀螨剂——纸片螨扑与常用螨扑片(氟胺氰菊酯条)的杀螨效果实验比较,分析其应用性能。结果表明纸片螨扑的落螨率为97%,比常用螨扑片的杀螨率高36.6%,且在阴雨天或8~25℃气温下对蜜蜂安全。     

螨扑类菊酯并非熏蒸剂而是触杀剂

<正>时常在杂志上看到有些蜂友将螨扑类菊酯当作熏蒸剂,其实不然。螨扑类蜂药使用的氟胺氰菊酯、氟氯苯氰菊酯都是人工合成的拟除虫菊酯,具有触杀、胃毒作用,无内吸作用,更无熏蒸性能。目前,国内外生产的拟除虫菊酯有数十种,同样也都没有熏蒸性能。那么有人会问,螨扑类杀螨剂作用迅速,若无熏蒸性能,那是通过什么方式迅速传播全群的?众所周知,蜜蜂之间保持经常的饲料传递,其传递之迅速可根据英国生物科学家尼克松和里本斯(1952)的实验资料:"在有2.5万只蜜蜂组成的蜂群     

治螨新药--氟氯苯氰菊酯的性能和应用

由氟胺氰菊酯作为主要活性成分制成的蜂药是我国养蜂生产过程中普遍应用于防治蜜蜂螨病的药物,长期以来在防治蜂螨中发挥了很好的作用,但是随着时间的推移,蜂螨的抗药性增强,使得氟胺氰菊酯药效逐渐下降,蜂农不得不加大用量和使用频率,这样在增加控制蜂螨难度的同时,不仅会使蜂     

高效液相色谱法测定杀螨片中氟胺氰菊脂的含量

高效液相色谱法测定杀螨片中氟胺氰菊脂的含量王娅芳，周涤，苏明（北京市兽药监察所）杀螨片是利用木片做载体制成的一种新型高效杀蜂螨的药物，杀螨效果达９７－１００％。药效可持续一个月时间，对蜂安全，使用方便。其主要成分为氟胺氰菊脂，浓度为１０％。采用高效液...     

生物治螨取代药物治螨

美国环保局批准的唯一治螨药物是Ａｐｉｓｔａｎ，其主要成分是氟胺氰菊酯。在欧洲治螨药物有多种，如双甲脒，氟胺氰菊酯，蝇毒磷、蚁酸等等，于是养蜂人可有多种防治方法。但这都是药物治螨，使用不当就给蜂蜜、蜂蜡、蜂胶、巢框、巢箱留下残毒。因此，我们多年来不用药物，而用“生物”防治。研究表明蜂螨最喜欢雄蜂幼虫，因为雄蜂２４天的发育期最适合蜂螨的繁殖。如果没有足够的雄蜂幼虫或蜂螨严重感染时，蜂螨没有别的选择余地时，才寄生在工蜂幼虫上。王台不受蜂螨的侵害，因为蜂王只有１６天的发育期，不适合蜂螨繁殖。使用这一防治…     

气相色谱法同时检测蜂蜜中溴螨酯、蝇毒磷、氟胺氰菊酯和氟氯苯氰菊酯残留

本文建立了同时测定蜂蜜中溴螨酯、蝇毒磷、氟胺氰菊酯和氟氯苯氰菊酯等四种农药残留的分析方法.蜂蜜样品用水溶解后经正己烷-二氯甲烷提取,Oasis HLB固相萃取柱萃取净化,正己烷-二氯甲烷洗脱吹干后,用内标溶液定容,采用气相色谱电子捕获检测器进行测定.在0.004mg/kg～0.160mg/kg添加水平,四种农药的回收率在70%～110%之间,各农药的检出限在0.004mg/kg～0.008mg/kg之间.     

也议“螨扑”的杀螨原理

<正>很多蜂友都说"螨扑"是熏蒸剂,杂志上也经常出现"螨扑"具有熏蒸作用的词语,曾有蜂药厂技术人员在杂志上发表:"‘螨扑’类菊酯并非熏蒸剂而是触杀剂",今年出版的治病蜂书中我也看到了:"熏蒸剂(如"螨扑")……","因为熏蒸杀螨片具有挥发持续时间长,对陆续出房的蜂螨具有相继杀灭的功效,故防治效果较好。"[1]那么正确答案是什么呢?"知已知彼,百战不殆",我们只有把"螨扑"的杀螨原理搞清楚了,才能更好地治螨。     

在国际封锁中诞生——记汪氏蜂业的崛起(连载)

（接上期）四、破釜沉舟直航禁区早在１９９４年，当由进口的氟胺氰菊酯原药生产的资阳螨扑已被国内养蜂人视为“神药”的时候，我就已深深意识到这场同日本、欧美等国的激烈商战已在所难免。当时的情况是：一方面国内养蜂界急需这个“神药”来遏制当时已泛滥成灾的大小蜂螨的危害。记得当时在资阳蜂药厂办公室，每天都在七八人、甚至十余人坐在那里等着购买螨扑的蜂农和经销商，有的甚至通过资阳的党政领导出面来开后门。当时的“资阳螨扑”在市场上像股票一样，每包价格炒到４８元，而我们的厂价每包才６元（是我下了死命令不准涨价），同…     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.