山区茶园主要病虫害无公害防治技术要点

无公害茶叶生产已成为全国茶区一个热点 ,发展无公害茶叶已成为当前山区茶农致富奔小康的重要途径。但是 ,无公害茶叶生产中一些技术问题 ,特别是病虫害无公害防治技术在一定程度上制约着无公害茶叶的发展 ,亟待解决。本文根据丽水市无公害茶叶生产实践 ,就山区茶园病虫害无公害防治的有关技术作一阐述。1　山区茶园病虫害无公害防治的思路无公害茶园病虫害防治应实行综合防治 ,即从茶园生态系的整体平衡来考虑 ,不要只局限于防治对象 ,既要考虑当时当地的病虫种类 ,还要考虑到未来和环境保护 ,既要考虑当前的利益和效益 ,更要考虑长远的影…     

尤溪县生态茶园建设与管理技术

生态茶园是以茶树为物种,根据生态学的原理,通过严格选址、良种良法、病虫害综合防治,创造人工复合生态系统模式,建立良性循环生物链,使茶树与茶园中的各种生物和谐共存,减轻病虫害发生与危害,降低化学农药使用量,确保茶产品卫生安全,为向无公害、绿色、有机茶叶生产发展奠定基础,以期进一步提高茶叶产量和质量,增加茶农和茶企业经济效益.     

茶尺蠖发生规律与无公害防治

茶尺蠖是我省为害茶树主要害虫之一 ,以幼虫咀食嫩梢。发生严重时 ,老叶、嫩茎将被幼虫食尽 ,严重影响茶叶产量 ,并且树势衰弱。目前绝大部分茶场和茶农多采用化学农药防治。化学农药不仅污染茶园生态环境 ,而且在杀死茶尺蠖的同时 ,也杀伤了大量天敌 ,还存在农药残留问题。因此 ,根据茶尺蠖发生为害的特点 ,采取相应的无公害防治措施控制其发生为害 ,将对茶叶生产起到积极推动作用。1　茶尺蠖发生规律1 1　茶尺蠖大部分以蛹在茶树根际表土中越冬 ,少数以幼虫在茶丛中越冬。越冬蛹大部分处于滞育状态 ,抗逆力强 ,死亡率低 ;其越冬后羽化率的…     

武大绿洲茶园无公害杀虫剂防治茶尺蠖药效试验

为了满足无公害茶叶生产的需要,武汉大学生科院与武大绿州生物农药有限公司经多次试验,科学的配伍,研制出武大绿洲茶园无公害杀虫剂农药,经试验,对防治灰茶尺蠖害虫有特效,试验结果如下:     

宁德地区农校无公害茶园建设试验总结

宁德地区农校教学实习茶场现有茶园48ｈｍ2,有福云六号、福云七号、福安大白茶、福鼎大毫、毛蟹、梅占、水仙等品种。1997年5月按照“茶树病虫害科学治理”课题计划,设立无公害茶园试验基地2ｈｍ2。试验基地在虫情普查的基础上,设立了病虫测报网点,对茶树主要害虫进行了系统测报,分期研究制定防治指标,在室内外开展了大量的药剂筛选和药效防治试验及其他综合治理措施。三年来,宁德地区农校教学茶场、茶园的病虫危害逐年减轻,农药使用量逐年减少,茶叶产量和质量逐年提高,茶叶产品已达到农残未检出的无公害绿色食品水平,取得了显著的经济效益…     

除虫菊素防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉茶尺蠖试验报告

茶假眼小绿叶蝉、茶尺蠖为福建省茶区的主要害虫,采用化学农药防治虽然能取得较好的防治效果,但是如果用药不当,存在着农残超标的危险.此外,由于欧盟等对茶叶的农残实施了严格的限量标准,许多茶区正在谋求发展无公害茶叶、茶叶绿色食品和有机茶的生产,其生产关键技术之一就是采用无公害防治技术来控制茶树病虫害.除虫菊素水剂系植物源杀虫剂,是由天然除虫菊等多种植物提取配伍而成,具有高效、低毒、广谱、安全环保型生物农药的特点,适宜于无公害茶叶生产上的应用.为了探讨其对茶假眼小绿叶蝉、茶尺蠖的防治效果,我们进行了茶园药效试验,现将试验结果报告如下:     

5种新型低毒农药对茶尺蠖的田间防控效果研究

茶尺蠖是信阳茶园中的主要害虫,以幼虫咬食叶片为害,发生严重时可连叶脉也吃光,造成秃枝,致使树势衰弱,甚至死亡。近年来,许多研究报道指出,由于长期使用化学农药进行防治,茶尺蠖的抗性已有增强,许多曾经用于防治茶尺蠖的药剂防效受到了很大影响。在信阳茶区,茶尺蠖已经对有机磷和菊酯类农药产生了一定的抗性,所以防治效果不甚理想,茶尺蠖在多地曾出现大暴发的现象,严重影响茶叶的质量和产量。凯恩、噻虫啉、艾法迪、艾绿士、雷通是近几年在国内获得登记的新型低毒农药,与有机磷类、菊酯类和其他种类农药无交互抗性,同时也是国家茶叶产业技术体系"茶园农药替代计划"重点推广的药剂。本研究对上述5种农药进行了田间防效试验,以期打破近两年信阳对茶尺蠖"治虫难"的局面。     

无公害茶园建设试验总结

“茶树病虫害科学治理”课题在宁德市农校教学实习茶场，设立无公害茶园试验基地1．5bm^2。试验基地在虫情普查的基础上，设立了病虫测报网点，对茶树主要害虫进行了系统测报，分期研究制定防治指标，及其综合治理措施。几年来，宁德市农校教学茶园的病虫危害逐年减轻，农药使用量逐年减少，茶叶质量逐年提高，茶叶产品(1998～2004年)已达到农残未检出的无公害绿色食品水平，取得了显著的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。本文仅就农校教学实习茶场无公害茶园建设试验结果总结如下：     

HD-1菌剂防治大尺蠖等茶树害虫的初步研究

我国南方各省茶区均有大尺蠖虫害发生,当其幼虫数量剧增时,可在数天内将茶树芽叶几乎全部食光,对茶叶生产威胁很大。如广东省阳江县温泉茶场1980年5月份大尺蠖为害成灾,发生面积1000多亩,因害虫抗药性强,化学防治效果不好,仅人工就捕捉幼虫10000多公斤。该虫对茶叶生产造成了严重损失,为了寻求生物防治方法,我们开展了HD-1菌剂防治大尺蠖等茶树害虫的试验研究。     

茶尺蠖在闽北茶区的发生与无公害防治技术

茶尺蠖，俗称拱背虫、量尺虫，是一种暴食性害虫，近年来在闽北茶区严重为害，该虫以幼虫取食叶片为害。大量发生时整片茶园吃成光杆，导致茶叶减产60％以上，并且严重影响成茶品质。本文就茶尺蠖在闽北茶区的发生情况及其无公害防治技术介绍如下：     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。