不同性诱剂对亚洲玉米螟的诱捕效率及在种群监测中的应用

为探索鲜食玉米田间主要害虫亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)的绿色防控方法,于2018年－2019年在浙江东阳利用性诱剂对亚洲玉米螟进行了田间种群监测和诱捕效率试验,对7种亚洲玉米螟性信息素诱芯和2种诱捕器进行组合,并测试了诱捕器悬挂高度对诱捕效果的影响。结果表明,7种诱芯对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾均有引诱活性,不同诱捕器和诱芯组合的诱捕效率有显著差异,其中诱芯F、诱芯E、诱芯C分别与船型诱捕器组合及诱芯E与飞蛾诱捕器组合田间诱捕效果较好,两种诱捕器诱蛾总量无显著差异,诱捕器悬挂于1.8 m高度的效果优于1.5 m和1.2 m。田间种群监测结果表明,亚洲玉米螟在5月和9月各有一次比较典型的高峰,性诱剂可有效用于亚洲玉米螟田间种群监测。     

哈尔滨地区不同亚洲玉米螟性诱剂诱捕效果研究

为了探索亚洲玉米螟性诱剂在哈尔滨地区的诱捕效果, 于2019年和2020年在黑龙江哈尔滨地区开展不同品牌诱芯、不同类型诱捕器及不同诱芯悬挂高度处理的亚洲玉米螟田间诱捕试验。结果表明, 3种诱芯处理对田间亚洲玉米螟雄蛾表现出不同的诱虫活性, 诱芯A诱捕到的玉米螟雄蛾数量显著高于诱芯B和诱芯C, 是诱芯B诱蛾量的1.38倍, 诱芯C诱蛾量的1.62倍; 水盆式诱捕器对玉米螟雄蛾诱捕效率明显高于倒漏斗式诱捕器, 诱捕到玉米螟雄蛾数量是倒漏斗式诱捕器的1.94倍。2019年和2020年诱芯不同悬挂高度处理诱捕到玉米螟雄蛾的数量由多到少的顺序为0.8、0.4、1.3、1.8 m和0 m, 悬挂高度0.8 m处理诱捕到的玉米螟雄蛾数量显著高于其他处理。综合以上结果, 使用水盆式诱捕器, 将诱芯A悬挂至0.8 m高度更适合哈尔滨地区田间玉米螟的防治和种群监测。     

诱捕器设置高度对豆野螟诱捕效果的影响

开展了不同类型性诱捕器及糖醋液诱捕器不同设置高度对豆野螟成虫诱集效果影响的研究。结果表明,三角形性诱捕器、桶形性诱捕器和糖醋液诱捕器对豆野螟成虫的诱捕效果与设置高度有关,均以悬挂于距地面1.5m处的诱捕器诱蛾效果最佳,2.0m处次之,1.0m和0.5m处的诱蛾效果相对较差。     

诱捕器类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫引诱效果的影响

采用标准诱芯及合成化合物组配诱芯,比较了诱捕器的类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫诱捕效果的影响。结果表明:粘胶板式(三角形、船形)和水盆式2种诱捕器类型及红色、深绿色、浅绿色、紫色、白色、黄色、棕色、蓝色8种三角板诱捕器颜色均对引诱活性无显著影响,而不同颜色诱芯对大豆食心虫的引诱效果影响较大,其中绿色诱芯引诱效果较好,显著优于蓝色、红色、灰色及橘色诱芯。因此,在田间应用时,建议优先选用绿色诱芯,并根据实际情况灵活选用不同类型的诱捕器。     

不同性信息素配比对灰茶尺蠖的诱捕效果比较

为了筛选最有效的灰茶尺蠖性信息素诱芯,探讨产品使用技术方案,从信息素配方、诱捕器类型、诱捕器悬挂高度比较了性信息素诱芯诱捕器对灰茶尺蠖的诱捕效果。结果表明,5种不同配方比较,以诱芯B(Z3Z9-6,7环氧-十八碳二烯和Z3Z6Z9-十八碳三烯质量配比1∶3)的引诱效果最好;船型诱捕器的引诱效果显著高于其他诱捕器;5种不同悬挂高度比较,以诱捕器悬挂高于茶蓬面20 cm和40 cm的效果最好。建议在灰茶尺蠖发生区域、成虫扬飞前,将灰茶尺蠖诱芯B(Z3Z9-6,7环氧-十八碳二烯和Z3Z6Z9-十八碳三烯质量配比1∶3)配套船型诱捕器使用,可进行茶园灰茶尺蠖害虫的监测与防控。     

不同引诱剂与诱捕器对苹毛丽金龟的诱集效果

苹毛丽金龟Proagopertha lucidula是为害长柄扁桃的一种重要害虫。为了明确不同引诱剂和诱捕器对苹毛丽金龟的诱集效果, 2018年4月至2020年5月, 在陕西榆林沙区长柄扁桃栽培基地, 分别设置4种引诱剂 (A: 顺-3-己烯-1-醇; B: 丁香酚; C: 丁香酚与顺-3-己烯-1-醇体积比为1∶1; D: 丁香酚与顺-3-己烯-1-醇体积比为3∶1)、4种形状(三角形、船形、桶形和挡板形)、5种颜色(粉红色、黑色、绿色、白色和紫色)、5种悬挂高度(0.5、0.9、1.3、1.7 m和2.1 m)的诱捕器对苹毛丽金龟进行田间诱集试验。结果表明:引诱剂B、C和D日均诱捕量显著高于对照, 引诱剂D日均诱虫数量最高, 为2.12头/个, 显著高于其他3种引诱剂(P＜0.05)。引诱剂A日均诱虫量和对照差异不显著(P＞0.05)。船形和挡板诱捕器日均诱虫量2.38头/个和2.56头/个, 显著高于三角形和桶形诱捕器(P＜0.05)。粉红色诱捕器对苹毛丽金龟日均诱虫量最高, 为2.24头/个, 显著高于其他3种颜色诱捕器(P＜0.05)。诱捕器悬挂高度为1.3 m和0.9 m时日均诱虫量为1.98头/个和1.82头/个, 显著高于其他3种悬挂高度(P＜0.05)。说明引诱剂B、引诱剂C和D均有一定诱捕效果, 引诱剂D、船形和挡板形、粉红色诱捕器、悬挂高度为1.3 m和0.9 m为最佳组合, 建议应用于苹毛丽金龟的田间监测和防控中。     

福建龙海草地贪夜蛾发生动态及性诱剂诱捕器应用效果评价

2019—2020年,在福建龙海开展了草地贪夜蛾性诱剂诱捕器应用研究及周年发生为害情况调查。结果表明,有效成分为顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯∶顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯=0.9∶0.03的诱芯对草地贪夜蛾成虫的引诱效果较好。搭配同种诱芯,船型诱捕器诱蛾量显著高于倒圆锥型、桶型和夜蛾通用型诱捕器;玉米苗期至抽雄期,诱捕器悬挂高度为1m和1.5 m时,引诱效果较好。福建龙海草地贪夜蛾成虫可周年发生,主要发生期在5—11月,2019年在9月下旬和11月上旬出现成虫高峰。秋季播种玉米受害明显重于春季播种玉米,且以拔节期至小喇叭口期被害株率最高。     

不同性诱剂对鲜食玉米田草地贪夜蛾的诱捕效果及影响因子研究

通过研究诱捕器-性诱芯组合的诱集效果,及诱捕器悬挂高度、排列间距等空间分布因素对鲜食玉米田草地贪夜蛾诱捕效果的影响,明确草地贪夜蛾性诱装置最佳使用方案,为使用性信息素进行草地贪夜蛾的种群监测和防控提供技术支持。选用3种性诱芯和3种诱捕器进行配对组合,进行田间诱捕效果比较试验;使用BLB性诱芯和专用诱捕器组合进行4个诱捕器悬挂高度和3个排列间距诱捕试验,并进行草地贪夜蛾成虫种群本地周年发生动态监测。结果表明:9个组合中BLB性诱芯和专用诱捕器组合诱捕效果最好;3种诱芯平均诱蛾量无显著差异;3种诱捕器中专用诱捕器诱捕效果最佳,飞蛾通用诱捕器诱捕效果最差。4个诱捕器悬挂高度在玉米拔节期时诱蛾量无显著差异,抽雄后2.2 m处理诱蛾量显著高于其他处理。诱捕器排列间距30 m处理的诱蛾量显著高于20 m和25 m的,但3个间距处理间田间草地贪夜蛾幼虫为害株率无显著差异。性诱监测发现,2020年5月中旬、6月下旬、7月下旬、9月上旬和10月中旬为成虫高峰期。草地贪夜蛾专用诱捕器搭配BLB性诱芯具有最佳诱捕效果,田间最优悬挂高度应高于玉米植株,诱捕器田间设置间距以30 m为宜。性诱适用于草地贪夜蛾的种群监测,并可作为害虫防治时的辅助手段。     

暗黑鳃金龟性信息素田间应用的初步研究

系统研究比较了暗黑鳃金龟性信息素比例、剂量、溶剂类型、诱芯载体类型、诱捕器种类以及诱捕高度等几种因素对诱捕量的影响。结果表明,当L-异亮氨酸甲酯∶R-(-)-芳樟醇为4∶1,总剂量为100 mg时诱捕效果明显好于其他设置;并且发现二氯甲烷做溶剂、绿色天然橡胶塞为诱芯载体、采用自制诱捕器并设置于1.5 m的高度时诱捕效果最佳。     

几种因素对斜纹夜蛾性信息素诱捕效果的影响

采用田间诱集效果测定,就不同来源诱芯、诱捕器不同置放高度、不同类型诱捕器、诱芯不同储藏期等因素对信息素诱集斜纹夜蛾数量以及时序动态的影响进行了研究,以探讨蔬菜害虫斜纹夜蛾性信息素应用的关键技术。结果表明:3种不同来源的斜纹夜蛾性诱剂诱捕效果无显著差异;斜纹夜蛾性信息素置放高度依据不同寄主田间生长高度,以1～1.5m效果较好;3种诱捕器诱集效果相当,诱集代次清晰、峰谷明显,均可作为斜纹夜蛾性信息素配套的诱捕器;斜纹夜蛾橡皮塞诱芯置放冰箱贮藏1年或2年,诱蛾活性显著下降,诱蛾量下降60%以上。     

扇吸式太阳能杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田的应用效果及对节肢动物生物多样性的影响

为明确扇吸式杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田间的应用效果及对节肢动物生物多样性的影响，采用抽样鉴定方法调查扇吸式杀虫灯的诱虫谱，通过田间试验调查其对主要害虫亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis的控制范围和防控效果，并采用黄板、糖醋酒液和陷阱法取样调查其对玉米田间节肢动物生物多样性的影响。结果表明，扇吸式杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田可诱集9目40科的昆虫，对亚洲玉米螟的有效控制距离在60 m左右，单灯控制面积约1.1 hm²。在大喇叭口期，灯光防控处理对亚洲玉米螟的株防效为25.83%，显著低于化学防控处理的76.74%；在乳熟期，化学防控处理的虫孔减退率为75.29%，显著高于灯光防控处理的21.18%，灯光防控处理、化学防控处理和对照的茎秆活虫数、虫孔隧道长度和雌穗防效差异均不显著。距灯80 m范围内不同距离的主要害虫与天敌种群数量基本一致，玉米不同生育期节肢动物群落多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势集中性指数和相似系数变化较大，但在同一生育期不同距离间均无显著差异，说明田间节肢动物群落主要受玉米生育期的影响，扇吸式杀虫灯对田间主要害虫和天敌种群无显著影响。表明扇吸式杀虫灯对亚洲玉米螟的防治效果有限，对田间节肢动物多样性无显著影响，可作为鲜食玉米田防治亚洲玉米螟的辅助手段，但无法替代化学防治。     

青岛地区暗黑鳃金龟性信息素鉴定及田间应用技术

为深入了解国内暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky种群的性信息素组分及其田间引诱效果,采用气质联用技术对其雌性信息素进行了分离鉴定,利用标记-回捕技术测试了5 h内暗黑鳃金龟的扩散距离,并在此基础上测试了诱捕器颜色、离地高度、密度、单诱芯性信息素含量等对田间诱虫效果的影响。结果表明：L-异亮氨酸甲酯和（R）-（-）-芳樟醇为国内青岛种群暗黑鳃金龟雌虫性信息素的主要组分,两者含量比为7：1;暗黑鳃金龟5 h扩散距离可达400 m以上,平均扩散距离为55.9 m,扩散距离在20~60 m的个体占总虫数的77.5%;黄色诱捕器对该虫的引诱效果显著优于黑色和绿色;诱捕器离地2 m引诱到的试虫数目显著高于1、1.5、2.5和3 m;单个诱芯性信息素含量360 mg引诱效果最好,显著高于180 mg及以下浓度;诱捕器间隔20~60 m防治效果较好,结合使用成本和试虫扩散距离,间距60 m最优。     

性诱捕器悬挂高度对绿盲蝽、棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾田间诱集效果的影响

为更好地发挥性诱捕器对棉花主要害虫绿盲蝽 Apolygus lucorum 、棉铃虫 Helicoverpa armigera 和甜菜夜蛾 Spodoptera exigua 的监控及诱杀作用, 进一步优化性诱捕器田间设置技术, 笔者研究了不同悬挂高度对3种害虫性诱捕器田间诱集效果的影响。结果表明, 悬挂高度对3种害虫的诱集效果均存在显著影响, 绿盲蝽性诱捕器悬挂高度高于棉株顶尖40 cm时效果最好, 与顶尖持平和高于顶尖20 cm的诱集效果略低, 三者差异不显著; 棉铃虫性诱捕器悬挂高度0~40 cm时诱集效果均较好, 诱捕器处于顶尖以下时诱集效果显著降低; 甜菜夜蛾性诱捕器悬挂高度在高于顶尖20 cm和40 cm时诱集效果差异不显著, 高于顶尖40 cm时诱集效果最好。棉花打顶前, 绿盲蝽和棉铃虫性诱捕器随着棉花株高变化可适当减少调整频次, 但低于棉花顶尖时应及时调整。     

Field evaluation of synthetic sex pheromone traps for the cocoa mirid Sahlbergella singularis (Hemiptera: Miridae)

BACKGROUND: Field trapping experiments were conducted to evaluate the attractiveness of five different pheromone blends as well as the impact of trap design on attractiveness towards cocoa mirids, Sahlbergella singularis Hagl. and Distantiella theobroma (Dist.), in Cameroon. RESULTS: A total of 361 adults of S. singularis (359 males and two females) were caught. The highest numbers of mirids were found in traps with pheromone blends that combined a monoester and a diester, compared with traps with the diester or the monoester individually and control traps with no pheromone. Rectangular traps caught significantly more mirids compared with delta traps. The mean number of 5.1 mirids trap^?1 year^?1 caught in rectangular traps was significantly higher compared with the 1.8 mirids trap^?1 year^?1 for the delta traps. CONCLUSION: The data revealed that rectangular traps containing pheromone blends combining both the monoester and the diester have a good potential to lure and trap adult males of S. singularis on cocoa farms. The pheromone blends used were specific for S. singularis, and the use of pheromone traps appears to be a promising strategy for incorporation into integrated pest management strategies for the monitoring or even the control of S. singularis in cocoa plantations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

亚洲玉米螟的寄主植物种类

为探明亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)的寄主植物种类,对13科38种植物进行了田间笼罩接虫试验和室内生物测定,并通过组建实验种群生命表分析了不同寄主植物对亚洲玉米螟生长发育和繁殖的影响。田间试验结果表明,亚洲玉米螟寄主植物有8科20种,酸模叶蓼是最适宜寄主植物,其次为玉米、谷子、薏苡等;在酸模叶蓼、玉米等11种植物上还发现了第2代幼虫。室内试验结果表明,在室内饲养条件下,亚洲玉米螟能在9科25种寄主植物上完成生活史,其中以向日葵为寄主植物的亚洲玉米螟种群增长最快,其次为玉米。研究表明,亚洲玉米螟的寄主植物共有9科27种,较适宜寄主植物有酸模叶蓼、玉米、谷子、苍耳和葎草,其中在玉米上的生长发育和繁殖最佳。     

Catching Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with pheromone‐baited traps: optimal trap type,colour, height and distance to infestation

BACKGROUND: Field trapping experiments were carried out to evaluate effective trap characteristics for maximising Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) catches in pheromone‐baited traps in China. RESULTS: Window‐slot and cross‐barrier traps had significantly higher catches than multiple‐funnel traps. The colour of window‐slot traps showed a significant effect on catches, with dark colours (black and red) being more effective than light colours, especially white and yellow. Window‐slot traps at a 1.5–2.0 m level caught more beetles than those at either ground level (0–0.5 m) or at 3.5–4.0 m. Ips duplicatus can be attracted to pheromone‐baited traps over a distance of > 100 m from the forest edge in an open grassy field. There was a strong diurnal pattern of flight activity, with catches on window‐slot traps occurring during the daytime with one broad peak at mid‐ to late afternoon. The seasonal flight activity of I. duplicatus as monitored by pheromone‐baited window‐slot traps during 2007–2008 indicated that three major flight peaks occurred in early June, late June–early July and late July respectively, suggesting the existence of a potential second generation. CONCLUSION: The optimal trap characteristics will improve the performance of pheromone‐baited traps as a critical monitoring or mass‐trapping tool to combat outbreaks of this pest species. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Field performance of Lynfield and McPhail traps for monitoring male and female sterile Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) and wild Dacus newmani (Perkins)

BACKGROUND: McPhail traps, baited with protein food lure, are used worldwide for surveillance of many species of fruit flies. Queensland fruit fly (Qfly) Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a native Australian fruit fly and normally monitored using Lynfield traps baited with cuelure. On some occasions, McPhail traps with wet food lures are deployed to detect female flies or to find the incursion epicentre. This paper reviews field results on the merits of Lynfield and McPhail traps for detection of male and female Qfly. RESULTS: Following release of equal numbers of sterile males and females, Lynfield traps baited with cuelure captured more Qfly males than protein autolysate or orange concentrate in McPhail traps. Significantly more male than female Qfly were captured in McPhail traps baited with protein autolysate or orange. There was no significant difference between orange concentrate lure and protein autolysate lure in attracting either males or females. Another Australian native fruit fly, Dacus newmani (Perkins), was attracted to cuelure in Lynfield traps but not to either lure in McPhail traps. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained run counter to the reputation of McPhail traps baited with protein autolysate or orange concentrate as a specialist lure/trap combination for female Qfly. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Olfactory and visual responses of the longlegged chafer Hoplia spectabilis Medvedev (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Qinghai Province, China

BACKGROUND: Monitoring traps and control methods are needed for the long‐legged chafer, Hoplia spectabilis Medvedev, which has recently reached outbreak numbers in pastureland of Qinghai Province, China. RESULTS: Field trapping experiments, using cross‐pane funnel (barrier) traps, showed that H. spectabilis adults were not significantly attracted to branches of the host plant Dasiphora fructicosa (L.) Rydb. However, beetles were slightly attracted to similar host plant branches infested by conspecific beetles, possibly owing to weakly attractive volatiles, primarily (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, released from beetle‐damaged host leaves. This compound was weakly attractive when released from traps. However, H. spectabilis beetles showed strong visual responses to yellow‐ or white‐painted trap panes, with weaker responses to blue, red or green panes, and least response to black panes. Black traps at 0.2–1.5 m above ground intercepted significantly more beetles than traps at 2.5 m. The mean flight height based on trap catches was 0.88 m (SD = 0.76), yielding an effective flight layer of 1.9 m. Flight response of beetles to colored barrier traps occurred between 10:00 and 18:00, and peaked between 12:00‐14:00, when daily temperatures reached their maximum. CONCLUSION: Unbaited yellow or white cross‐pane funnel traps are recommended for both monitoring and mass‐trapping programs against this economically and ecologically important scarab beetle. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry