Allergen-induced production of IL-31 by canine Th2 cells and identification of immune,skin, and neuronal target cells

The canine cytokine IL-31 induces pruritus in dogs and can be detected in dogs with atopic dermatitis; however very little is understood around its interactions with specific canine cells. We hypothesize that IL-31 is involved in the progression of allergic skin disease by coordinating the interaction between the immune system with skin and neuronal systems. The goal of the following work was to identify cells that produce IL-31 as well as cells that may respond to this cytokine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from naïve and house dust mite (HDM) allergen-sensitized beagle dogs and used for ex vivo characterization of cytokine production assessed using ELISpot and quantitative immunoassay. Sensitization to HDM allergen induced a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell phenotype characterized by an increase in the production of IL-4 protein. Interestingly, repeated allergen challenge over time also resulted in an increase in IFN-γ. Further evaluation showed that co-stimulation of Th2 polarized cells with antigen and the bacterial component Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) produced higher levels of IL-31 compared to either stimulant alone. Production of IL-31 when PBMCs were stimulated by T cell mitogens suggests T cells as a source of IL-31. Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to determine expression of the IL-31 receptor alpha chain in canine cell lines and tissue. Canine monocytic cells, keratinocytes, and dorsal root ganglia were shown to express the IL-31 receptor alpha chain mRNA. In a multifaceted disease such as canine atopic dermatitis, the combination of Th2 polarization and microbial presence may lead to IL-31 mediated effects driving inflammation and pruritus by immune cells, keratinocytes, and direct neuronal stimulation.     

PRRS病毒感染对猪细胞因子IL-2、IL-4和 IL-10mRNA转录的影响

通过构建猪细胞因子IL-2、IL-4和IL-10的缺失cDNA竞争分子，利用定量竞争PCR技术对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)病毒感染过程中细胞因子IL—2、IL—4和IL—10的mRNA进行转录水平变化的定量检测，研究PRRS病毒感染对猪细胞因子IL—2、IL-4和IL—10mRNA转录的影响。结果 表明猪Th1型细胞因子IL—2的mRNA转录水平分别在PRRS病毒感染后1d、28d和56d出现3个mRNA转录高峰；而Th2型细胞因子IL—4的mRNA转录水平在病毒感染后56d内，一直处于低水平，而后才逐渐升高；IL—10的mRNA转录水平在病毒感染后6d内，一直处于低水平状态，第6d后才逐渐上升，至42d到达高峰，而后下降，恢复正常。结果显示PRRS病毒感染可导致Th2型细胞因子IL-4和IL-10基因转录的抑制。     

枸杞多糖对免疫抑制小鼠血清中IL-6、IL-10和IL-12/IL23 p40分泌水平的影响

通过研究枸杞多糖(LBP)对免疫抑制小鼠血清中细胞因子IL-6、IL-12/IL-23p40和IL-10分泌的影响,探讨LBP的免疫调节机制,为LBP的开发利用提供理论依据。60只ICR雌性小鼠,随机分为5组,对各组小鼠进行连续4d每日腹腔注射环磷酰胺(40mg/kg),间隔3d后,再连续4d每日腹腔注射环磷酰胺(40mg/kg);同时,用高(40mg/1kg)、中(20mg/1kg)、低剂量(10mg/1kg)的LBP给小鼠连续灌胃2周,阳性对照和阴性对照分别用LPS(1mg/kg)和PBS,连续2周。小鼠眼眶取血,分离血清,ELISA检测血清中IL-6、IL-12/IL-23p40和IL-10的分泌水平。结果显示,与阳性对照和阴性对照组相比,LBP能提高免疫抑制小鼠血清中IL-6、IL-12/IL-23p40和IL-10的分泌水平,提示LBP能增强小鼠细胞免疫与体液免疫应答,为枸杞多糖作为免疫增强剂的开发应用奠定了一定的理论基础。     

子宫内膜炎母牛子宫匀浆IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平

选用正常子宫标本19例和患子宫内膜炎子宫标本66例,并对其进行分类,测定子宫匀浆中细胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-的含量,探讨IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-变化与子宫内膜炎的关系。结果表明,试验组IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-的含量均高于对照组(<0.05或<0.01),表明子宫内IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-含量变化与母牛子宫有无感染,以及免疫状态密切相关。     

犬籍注册登记公告(31)

以下犬只已在我会申请犬籍注册并获得“犬籍注册登记证书”:犬名妞妞阿森金虎雪山橙子子曰美金宝龙豹克威廉大驴阿名敌克比尔毛毛拉K奎亚德力新城克卡奥丝卡克林丝小虎黑狼微微大虎彬林欧德贝克兰牙欧优帅克吉利拉力法狼福龙拉多大龙龙恭龙喜龙发龙财法虎品种玛尔济斯犬大丹犬金毛寻猎犬阿富汗猎犬藏獒藏獒松狮犬藏獒藏獒喜乐帝犬德国牧羊犬大丹犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊…     

猪IL-2和IL-6 cDNA的克隆及序列测定

白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）是一种由Ｔ淋巴细胞分泌的,在机体免疫应答中起关键作用的细胞因子,其主要生理功能是促进Ｔ淋巴细胞的增殖。ＩＬ－６可由多种不同类型的淋巴细胞和非淋巴细胞产生,诱导Ｂ细胞增殖分化产生抗体,并对Ｔ细胞的增殖生长起辅助信号的作用。目前,...     

广西沼泽型水牛IL-4和IL-5基因的克隆及其序列分析

从刀豆素A(Concanavalin A,ConA)刺激的广西沼泽型成年水牛外周血单个核细胞(Peripheralblood mononuclear cells,PBMCs)中提取总RNA,用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法扩增出白细胞介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)和白细胞介素-5(IL-5)基因,分别克隆到pMD18-T载体上,进行序列分析。结果表明,从培养9 h、17 h的单个核细胞中扩增得到的IL-4基因在核苷酸水平上与GenBank上登录的印度水牛IL-4 cDNA序列同源性为98.8%,与牛、绵羊、猪和马的同源性分别为99.3%、94.1%、84.8%和80.6%;氨基酸水平的同源性分别为96.3%、98.5%、90.4%、78.4%和59.6%。从培养12 h的单个核细胞中扩增得到的IL-5基因在核苷酸水平上与GenBank上登录的牛、绵羊、猪和马IL-5 cDNA序列同源性分别是99.0%、96.5%、89.6%和89.1%;氨基酸水平的同源性分别为97.8%、96.2%、85.9%和86.7%。本研究为进一步了解水牛IL-4和IL-5的结构和水牛免疫学特性奠定了基础。     

猪IL-2、IL-4、IL-10和IFN-γ的TaqMan实时定量RT-PCR检测体系的建立

为了解猪体内细胞免疫应答机制,本研究建立猪细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-10和IFN-γ的TaqMan实时定量RT-PCR检测体系.以五指山小型猪cDNA为模板,扩增IL-2、IL-4、IL-10和IFN-γ的基因保守区,构建相应的重组质粒,并将其作为标准品构建标准曲线.结果显示,各标准曲线的相关系数r值均大于0.990,扩增效率为90%～105%;该检测方法的敏感性较高,IL-4检测下限为1 copies/μL,IL-2、IL-10及IFN-γ检测下限达为102copies/μL;重复性较好,批内重复试验与批间重复试验变异系数均小于5%.本研究为病毒感染后猪体内免疫应答等研究提供方法.     

Blood concentrations of the cytokines IL-1beta,IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma during experimentally induced swine dysentery

Background

Knowledge of the cytokine response at infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae can help understanding disease mechanisme involved during swine dysentery. Since this knowledge is still limited the aim of the present study was to induce dysentery experimentally in pigs and to monitor the development of important immunoregulatory cytokines in blood collected at various stages of the disease.

Methods

Ten conventional pigs (~23 kg) were orally inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae B204^T. Eight animals developed muco-haemorrhagic diarrhoea with impaired general body condition. Blood was sampled before inoculation and repeatedly during acute dysentery and recovery periods and cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-6, Il-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA.

Results

IL-1β was increased at the beginning of the dysentery period and coincided with the appearance of Serum amyloid A and clinical signs of disease. TNF-α increased in all animals after inoculation, with a peak during dysentery, and IL-6 was found in 3 animals during dysentery and in the 2 animals that did not develop clinical signs of disease. IL-10 was found in all sick animals during the recovery period. IFN-γ was not detected on any occasion.

Conclusion

B. hyodysenteriae inoculation induced production of systemic levels of IL-1β during the dysentery period and increased levels of IL-10 coincided with recovery from dysentery.     

Cloning and sequence analysis of llama (lama glama) Th2 (IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) cytokines

This paper describes the cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNAs encoding the T helper (Th) 2 cytokines of llama including interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10 and IL-13. The cDNAs encoding for IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 were amplified using specific primers designed from reported sequences of bovine cytokine genes. The cDNAs for llama IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 were found to be 402, 537 and 411 bp in length, with open reading frames encoding 133, 178 or 136 amino acids, respectively. Homology analyses of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of llama IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 and phylogenetic analysis based on their nucleotide sequences indicated the close relationship in these cytokine genes between llama and eutherian mammalian order Artiodactyla (pig, cattle) and Perissodactyla (horse).     

Cellular localization of IL-18 and IL-18 receptor in pig anterior pituitary gland

Pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 18 (IL-18) has been proposed to have a role in modulating immuno-endocrine functions. Our previous study showed that IL-18 and IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) colocalized in somatotrophs of the bovine anterior pituitary gland, and the possibility that IL-18 acts on somatotrophs as an autocrine factor. In the present study, we investigated the localization of IL-18 and IL-18R in the pig anterior pituitary gland. RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of IL-18 and IL-18R mRNAin the pig anterior pituitary gland. Immunohistochemistry of IL-18 and specific hormones revealed the presence of IL-18 in somatotrophs, mammotrophs, thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs. IL-18R was localized in somatotrophs and thyrotrophs. Furthermore, the somatotrophs immunoreactive for IL-18 did not contain IL-18R. Thus, IL-18R and IL-18 were not colocalized in an identical somatotroph. These findings suggest that the localization of IL-18 in pig somatotrophs is different from that in bovine somatotrophs, although IL-18 closely associates with somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary glands in both species.     

Serum profile of IL-1β and IL-17 cytokines in patients with visceral leishmaniasis

Leishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite, mainly infects macrophages of mammalian tissues. Inflammatory related cytokines have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-17 in patients with active visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and control group. Serum concentrations of both IL-1β and IL-17 cytokines were assessed by ELISA in Leishmania infantum infected patients (n = 25) and healthy individuals (n = 25) from Meshkin-Shahr, northwest of Iran. Mean serum concentrations of IL-1β in the patients and control groups were 47.34 ± 23.82, and 20.49 ± 9.38, respectively, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, mean IL-17 concentration in patients with VL (243.96 ± 73.46) was twice higher comparing to control group (106.38 ± 129.06) (p < 0.001). Several cytokines are involved in the regulation of immunity against VL. The present data has shown that, increased serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-17 are present in the patients with VL. Further investigations are needed to enhance our knowledge about the regulatory role of these cytokines in leishmaniasis.     

鸡IL-6和IL-18基因实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

本研究旨在建立鸡白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素18(IL-18)基因实时荧光定量PCR(Realtime FQ-PCR)检测方法。应用RT-PCR方法扩增鸡外周血淋巴白细胞(peripheral blood leukocytes,PBLs)的IL-6和IL-18基因片断,分别克隆至pGM-T载体上,将浓度梯度的IL-6和IL-18基因的重组质粒DNA进行实时荧光定量PCR,并建立相应的标准曲线。经PCR、双酶切和测序分析显示,成功地构建了重组克隆质粒pGM-T-IL-6和pGM-T-IL-18。标准曲线分析显示,IL-6和IL-18基因标准曲线的Ct值与其标准品浓度的对数值之间有良好的线性关系,IL-6和IL-18检测的灵敏度均达到10拷贝/μL。为下一步应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测IL-6和IL-18基因的转录水平奠定了基础。