黄霉素、肉碱对草鱼生长性能、肌肉成分和血清生理生化指标的影响

将平均体重(134.3±12.1)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)分成3组,饲喂在基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加8mg/kg黄霉素和200mg/kgDL-肉碱的饲粮,养殖8周后,各组鱼体增重率分别为156.29%、165.46%、167%,黄霉素、肉碱组较对照组提高了5.87%、6.85%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,饲料中添加黄霉素降低草鱼肌肉蛋白含量3.92%(P<0.05),提高血清丁酰胆碱酯酶活性43.49%(P<0.05),对草鱼血清非特异性免疫指标无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,添加肉碱组血清胆固醇含量降低11.54%(P<0.05)。     

饲料中添加小肽对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长性能、体组成及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加小肽对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长性能、体组成及血清生化指标的影响。选取平均体重为(15.30±0.03)g的星斑川鲽幼鱼540尾,随机分为6组,分别投喂添加0(对照组)、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%和1.50%小肽的试验饲料。每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,试验期为8周。结果表明:1)0.75%和1.00%添加组的增重率、摄食率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各添加组的饲料系数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)全鱼粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分和灰分含量各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。随小肽添加量的提高,背肌的粗脂肪含量先下降后上升,除0.25%添加组外的其他各添加组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);1.00%和1.50%添加组的背肌粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);背肌水分和灰分含量各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)0.50%添加组的血清总胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各添加组的血清甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);1.00%添加组的血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);血清白蛋白含量各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);各添加组的血清溶菌酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),以1.00%添加组为最高;1.00%添加组的血清过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清丙二醛含量则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲料中添加适量的小肽可有效提高星斑川鲽幼鱼的生长性能,促进脂肪代谢,增强机体免疫及抗氧化能力。本试验条件下,0.93%～1.00%为小肽的适宜添加量。     

虾青素对黄颡鱼生长、体色及抗氧化的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中虾青素不同添加水平对黄颡鱼生长、体色及抗氧化的影响。基础饲料中分别添加0、50、100、150、200 mg/kg的虾青素,制成5种饲料,分别饲喂黄颡鱼幼鱼8周后,探讨虾青素对黄颡鱼生长、背部和腹部皮肤色度值和总类胡萝卜素含量及血清抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明：100 mg/kg组、150 mg/kg组及200 mg/kg组的黄颡鱼末重、平均增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率及蛋白质效率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;150 mg/kg组及200 mg/kg组黄颡鱼背部及腹部皮肤的亮度、红度、黄度均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;150 mg/kg组及200 mg/kg组黄颡鱼背部及腹部皮肤总类胡萝卜素含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;150 mg/kg组黄颡鱼血清总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。本试验条件下,综合生长、体色及抗氧化相关指标,当饲料中虾青素添加水平为150～200 mg/kg时可有效提高黄颡鱼...     

桑叶提取物和1-脱氧野尻霉素对大鲵生长性能、肝脏功能及免疫能力的影响

本试验旨在研究桑叶提取物(MLE)和1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)对大鲵生长性能、肝脏功能及免疫能力的影响。选择初始均重为(47.81±0.23)g的大鲵72尾,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8尾。对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组在基础饲料中分别添加7.5 g/kg MLE(MLE组)和0.04 g/kg DNJ(DNJ组)。试验期90 d。结果显示:1)MLE组和DNJ组的终末均重、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和摄食量(FI)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数(FCR)显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)MLE组和DNJ组的肌肉和肝脏粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。MLE组和DNJ组的肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)MLE组和DNJ组的血浆肉碱棕榈酰转移酶-1(CPT-1)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)活性及CPT-1/ACC均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且DNJ组显著高于MLE组(P<0.05)。MLE组和DNJ组的血浆谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且MLE组显著低于DNJ组(P<0.05)。MLE组和DNJ组的肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且MLE组显著高于DNJ组(P<0.05);MLE组和DNJ组的肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且MLE组显著低于DNJ组(P<0.05)。4)MLE组和DNJ组的血浆免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且MLE组显著高于DNJ组(P<0.05)。MLE组和DNJ组的血浆活性氧(ROS)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且DNJ组显著低于MLE组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲料中添加MLE和DNJ均能改善大鲵生长性能、肝脏功能,提高免疫能力。在改善体组成、肝脏功能方面MLE作用效果优于DNJ,而DNJ对ROS清除效果更佳;MLE的整体添加效果优于DNJ。     

黑水虻虫油替代豆油投喂对血鹦鹉鱼生长、体色及血清生理生化指标的影响

600尾健康血鹦鹉,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾鱼。在饲料中分别添加不同比例(25%、50%、75%和100%)的黑水虻虫油替代豆油,即25%替代组、50%替代组、75%替代组和100%替代组,不添加黑水虻虫油的记为对照组。投喂42 d后测定生长、体色和血清生理生化指标。结果表明:不同比例黑水虻虫油替代豆油对血鹦鹉生长有促进作用。其中,存活率和肥满度无显著差异(P0.05),替代组特定生长率和增重率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。75%和100%替代组血清AKP活性显著高于其他组(P0.05);75%替代组AST和ALT活性显著低于其他组(P0.05);75%替代组LZM活性、总蛋白和葡萄糖含量显著高于其他组(P0.05)。体色红度(a~*)无显著差异(P0.05),黄度(b~*)对照组显著高于其他组(P0.05)。肌肉中类胡萝卜素的含量无显著差异(P0.05),皮肤和尾鳍类胡萝卜素75%显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,在本试验中,75%替代组对血鹦鹉鱼生长、体色、血清生理生化指标效果最好。     

黄栀子提取液对大黄鱼体色、生长和肌肉营养的影响

试验旨在探究饲料中添加不同浓度黄栀子提取液对大黄鱼体色、生长和肌肉营养的影响。选取6 000尾大黄鱼,分为4组,每组3重复,每个重复500鱼。C₁₀₀组、C₂₀₀组、C₃₀₀组分别在基础饲料中添加0.03 g/L的黄栀子提取液100、200、300 mL/kg,对照组C₀不添加黄栀子提取液。试验期30 d,分析测量各组大黄鱼体色、生长性能和肌肉营养指标。结果显示,各组大黄鱼的绝对增长率、绝对增重率随着黄栀子提取液添加量的增加而升高。C₃₀₀组大黄鱼绝对增长率显著高于其他组(P<0.05),绝对增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,各试验组大黄鱼背部、腹部和尾部L值均显著降低(P<0.05)。C₃₀₀组大黄鱼背部、腹部和尾部a值最高,b值最低。3个试验组大黄鱼肌肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。C₃₀₀组大黄鱼肌肉饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。C     

壳寡糖对黄河鲤鱼幼鱼血液生化指标的影响

为了研究在饲料中添加不同含量壳寡糖(COS)对黄河鲤鱼幼鱼血液生化指标的影响,试验将270尾体重为(35±2)g、体长为(11.2±0.5)cm的健康黄河鲤鱼随机分为6组(1个对照组和5个添加组),每组3个重复,每个重复15尾,不含壳寡糖的饲料对照组饲喂,添加组分别饲喂含0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%壳寡糖的饲料,饲喂8周后取血液,分离血清测定各项生化指标。结果表明：在饲料中添加壳寡糖提高了黄河鲤鱼幼鱼总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLB)、白蛋白(ALB)含量,降低了丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性和总胆固醇(TCHO)含量。各添加组TP含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.6%组最高,0.6%组和0.8%组显著高于0.2%组和0.4%组(P<0.05);GLB含量仅1.0%组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余各添加组间差异不显著(P>0.05);ALB含量0.6%组最高,除0.2%组外其他各添加组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但各添加组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。ALT活性0.6%组最低,且显著低于对照组(P<0.05...     

饲料中添加螺旋藻对三角鲤肌肉营养及部分免疫指标的影响

为研究饲料中螺旋藻水平对三角鲤肌肉营养及部分免疫指标的影响,试验选取平均体重为(100±1.0)g的三角鲤450尾,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。对照组投喂基础饲料,试验组分别投喂添加0.5%、1%、2%、3%不同螺旋藻浓度梯度的饲料,试验周期60 d。结果显示:①相对于对照组,各试验组总胆固醇含量显著下降(P0.05);粗脂肪含量整体下降,1%、2%添加组差异显著(P0.05)。②各试验组总蛋白和球蛋白含量先升高后下降,在2%添加组为最高,相对于对照组,2%添加组的总蛋白和球蛋白含量均显著增加(P0.05),其他组仅总蛋白含量显著增加(P0.05)。③各试验组白蛋白和粗蛋白含量整体上升,相对于对照组,1%、2%、3%添加组白蛋白含量增加显著(P0.05),3%添加组粗蛋白含量增加显著(P0.05)。由此可见,饲料中添加螺旋藻对三角鲤肌肉营养及部分免疫指标有一定的影响,本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能及免疫指标,理论上螺旋藻适宜添加量应为3%。     

饲料中联合添加硒和谷胱甘肽对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料系数和体成分的影响

采用1种对照饲料和添加不同水平Met-硒(Met-Se)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)(添加量分别为0.05+60、0.05+120、0.05+180、0.1+60、0.1+120、0.1+180、0.2+60、0.2+120和0.2+180mg/kg)的9种试验饲料,饲喂初始体重约为0.74g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),观察饲料中联合添加硒和GSH对凡纳滨对虾生长、存活、饲料利用和体成分的影响。经8周饲养后发现,各试验组对虾增重率均高于对照组,在第6组时达到最大,其中第6、7、8组显著高于对照组和第5组(P<0.05)。添加硒和GSH各组虾的存活率均高于对照组,但组间差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。试验组虾的摄食率和饲料系数与对照组相比,均分别有不同程度的提高和降低,在第6组呈现显著差异(P<0.05)。第6、7、8组全虾的蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各组粗脂肪、灰分水平差异不显著(P>0.05),水分含量以第6组最高,显著高于第2、3、4、5、7和10组(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,当饲料中添加0.1mg/kg硒和120mg/kgGSH时,凡纳滨对虾的生长效果最好。     

维生素C对大鲵生长性能、血液指标以及抗氧化和免疫功能的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究维生素C对大鲵生长性能、血液指标以及抗氧化和免疫功能的影响。选择144尾体质量为(34.14±0.15)g、体质健壮的大鲵,随机分成6个组,每组3个重复,每个重复8尾。各组分别在基础饲料中添加0(D0组,对照组)、150(D150组)、300(D300组)、450(D450组)、600(D600组)和750 mg/kg(D750组)的维生素C。试验期90 d。结果表明:1)与对照组(D0组)相比,饲料添加维生素C显著提高大鲵终末体重(FBW)、特定生长率(WGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)(P<0.05),显著降低饲料系数(FCR)(P<0.05);分别以WGR和FCR为评价指标,大鲵饲料中维生素C适宜添加水平分别为311.73和320.53 mg/kg。2)与对照组相比,饲料添加维生素C显著提高大鲵血液血栓细胞数量(P<0.05),且D300组显著高于其他组(P<0.05);D300组和D450组血液血红蛋白含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲料添加维生素C显著降低血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),显著提高血浆总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性,且D450组血浆T-SOD活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,D300组~D750组血浆酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,D300组~D750组各器官组织和血浆维生素C含量均显著提高(P<0.05);饲料添加适宜水平维生素C能显著提高各器官组织和血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性(P<0.05),且上述2个指标与各器官组织和血浆维生素C含量存在一定正相关性。综上所述,饲料添加适宜水平维生素C可提高大鲵生长性能,增强机体抗氧化和免疫功能,并提高各器官组织和血浆维生素C含量。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.