| 生物炭对旱坡地宿根甘蔗土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 桂意云,李海碧,韦金菊,毛莲英,张荣华,区惠平,祝开,赵培方,周会,刘昔辉.生物炭对旱坡地宿根甘蔗土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(3):776-784. |
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| 作者姓名： | 桂意云 李海碧 韦金菊 毛莲英 张荣华 区惠平 祝开 赵培方 周会 刘昔辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心/广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室, 广西南宁 530007;2. 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所, 广西崇左 532400;3云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所, 云南开远 661699 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金;中央引导地方科技发展专项;广西自然科学基金项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】分析旱坡地宿根甘蔗生长、土壤养分和微生物群落对生物炭的响应，揭示生物炭改良宿根甘蔗土壤的微生态机制，为缓解甘蔗连作障碍、宿根蔗病害及生物炭在甘蔗栽培中的应用提供科学依据。【方法】以旱坡地宿根甘蔗（种植第4年，1年新植3年宿根）为试验材料，设2个处理:不施用生物炭对照（CK）和施用生物炭处理（3 t/ha），分析生物炭对宿根甘蔗土壤养分、酶活性、微生物多样性和甘蔗生长的影响。【结果】与CK相比，施用生物炭可显著增加土壤碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量（P<0.05，下同），显著提高蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性。施用生物炭还可改变土壤细菌和真菌分类单元（OTUs）总数，对土壤中各优势细菌门、细菌属相对丰度影响不大，但降低了真菌子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）及淀粉藻（Amyloflagellula）和镰刀菌属（Fusarium）相对丰度，增加了接合菌门（Zygomycota）及毛壳菌属（Chaetomium）和被孢霉属（Mortierella）的相对丰度。在甘蔗生长方面，施用生物炭可显著降低甘蔗梢腐病发病率，使甘蔗产量显著提高5.2%。【结论】施用生物炭可改良甘蔗土壤，改变土壤微生物群落结构，增强宿根甘蔗抗梢腐病能力，提高旱坡地宿根甘蔗第4年产量。
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| 关 键 词： | 甘蔗 生物炭 土壤 养分 微生物多样性 梢腐病发病率 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-11-09 |
Effects of biochar on soil nutrients,enzyme activities and microbial diversity of ratoon sugarcane in dry slope land |
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| GUI Yi-yun,LI Hai-bi,WEI Jin-ju,MAO Lian-ying,ZHANG Rong-hua,OU Hui-ping,ZHU Kai,ZHAO Pei-fang,ZHOU Hui,LIU Xi-hui.Effects of biochar on soil nutrients,enzyme activities and microbial diversity of ratoon sugarcane in dry slope land[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(3):776-784. |
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| Authors: | GUI Yi-yun LI Hai-bi WEI Jin-ju MAO Lian-ying ZHANG Rong-hua OU Hui-ping ZHU Kai ZHAO Pei-fang ZHOU Hui LIU Xi-hui |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To explore the microecological mechanism of biochar on soil improvement by analyzing the growth of ratoon sugarcane soil nutrition and microbial diversity,so as to lay a theoretical foundation for application of biochar in sugarcane cultivation,the alleviation of ratoon sugarcane diseases and the reduction of obstacles to continuous cropping of sugarcane.【Method】Sugarcane in the fourth year of planting was used as the experimental material and two treatments were set up. They were CK(without biochar)and biochar(3 t/ha). The effect of the treatments on soil nutrients,enzyme activities,microbial diversity and sugarcane growth were measured.【Result】The application of biochar significantly increased the contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium and organic matter(P<0.05,the same below)compared with CK. Moreover,biochar also significantly increased the activities of sucrase and acid phosphatase. The application of biochar can also change the total number of bacterial and fungal OTUs in soil. The relative abundance of dominant bacterial phylum and genus in soil were equivalent between CK and biochar treatment. Biochar treatment decreased the relative abundance of Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Amyloflagellula and Fusarium,while increasing the relative abundance of Zygomycota,Chaetomium and Mortierella. In terms of sugarcane growth,the application of biochar significantly reduced the incidence rate of pokkah boeng disease,and the sugarcane yield was significantly increased by 5.2%.【Conclusion】The application of biochar can improve sugarcane soil,change the structure of the soil microbial community,increased the sugarcane resistance to Pokkah boeng,thus increased the sugarcane yield of ratoon sugarcane in the fourth year on dry slope land. |
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