| 广西近40年甘蔗种质资源引进及利用 |
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| 引用本文： | 韦金菊,周会,李海碧,毛莲英,宋修鹏,雷敬超,桂意云,张荣华,李杨瑞,刘昔辉.广西近40年甘蔗种质资源引进及利用[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(2):280-287. |
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| 作者姓名： | 韦金菊 周会 李海碧 毛莲英 宋修鹏 雷敬超 桂意云 张荣华 李杨瑞 刘昔辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室, 南宁 530007;2. 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所, 广西龙州 532415 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家糖料产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-170105）；中央引导地方项目（桂科ZY20198005）；广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项（桂农科2021YT006，桂农科2020YM24） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】对近40年广西引进甘蔗种质资源利用情况进行分析，为提高甘蔗引种利用效率及推动甘蔗产业健康可持续发展提供参考。【方法】统计1982—2020年广西引进的甘蔗种质资源，分析引进种质资源的直接利用、育种利用、育成后代的应用及研究利用情况，总结引种过程中存在的问题并提出建议。【结果】1982—2020年，广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所从20多个国家和地区及国内其他省（市）引进甘蔗种质资源共1044份（包括花穗238份），其中1993年以来引进甘蔗种质资源751份（包括花穗26份）；引进甘蔗种质资源作为亲本配置了杂交组合2771个，进入区试且亲本含有引进种质资源血缘的品系有43个；广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所育成的58个桂糖系列甘蔗品种中有40个含有引进种质资源血缘，其中美国CP系列亲本占37.9%，我国台湾ROC系列亲本占34.5%，美国CP系列和我国台湾ROC系列甘蔗种质资源在广西甘蔗育种中发挥了非常重要的作用。引进的甘蔗种质资源在抗病育种及分子育种方面也逐步开展研究。但目前广西甘蔗引种过程中也存在一些问题:（1）引进甘蔗种质在适应性上普遍存在较大问题；（2）引进别国或地区优良甘蔗种质的同时有可能会带来新的病虫害，给甘蔗产业的安全生产增加风险。（3）引进的种质资源未能在国内育种单位间充分共享。【建议】应加强优异甘蔗种质资源的引进；规范甘蔗引种程序，严格遵守引种检疫规程；重视引进种质资源数据库的构建及共享利用。
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| 关 键 词： | 甘蔗 种质资源 引进 利用 广西 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-11-16 |
Introduction and utilization of sugarcane germplasm resources in Guangxi in the past 40 years |
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| WEI Jin-ju,ZHOU Hui,LI Hai-bi,MAO Lian-ying,SONG Xiu-peng,LEI Jing-chao,GUI Yi-yun,ZHANG Rong-hua,LI Yang-rui,LIU Xi-hui.Introduction and utilization of sugarcane germplasm resources in Guangxi in the past 40 years[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(2):280-287. |
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| Authors: | WEI Jin-ju ZHOU Hui LI Hai-bi MAO Lian-ying SONG Xiu-peng LEI Jing-chao GUI Yi-yun ZHANG Rong-hua LI Yang-rui LIU Xi-hui |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanning 530007, China;2. Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou, Guangxi 532415, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】In this study, the utilization of sugarcane germplasm resources introduced in Guangxi in the past 40 years was analyzed, which provided a reference for improving the utilization efficiency of sugarcane introduction and promoting the healthy and sustainable development of sugarcane industry.【Method】Based on the statistics of sugarcane germplasm resources introduced from 1982 to 2020 in Guangxi, this paper analyzed the direct utilization, breeding utilization, application and research utilization of the introduced germplasm resources, summarized the problems existing in the process of introduction and put forward some suggestions.【Result】During 1982 to 2020, Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduced 1044 sugarcane germplasms(included 238 tassels) from more than 20 countries and regions as well as other provinces(cities) in China, among them, 751 sugarcane germplasm resources(included 26 tassels) were introduced since 1993.A total of 2771 hybrid combinations were allocated based on introduced sugarcane germplasms resources, 43 clones entered regional trails contained the introduced germplasm resources.Among the 58 GT sugarcane varieties developed by Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 40 varieties contained introduced germplasm resources, among which CP series from America accounted for 37.9% and ROC series from Taiwan, China accounted for 34.5%.CP series and ROC series sugarcane germplasm resources play a very important role in sugarcane breeding in Guangxi.The introduction of sugarcane germplasm resources in disease resistance breeding and molecular breeding has gradually carried out research.At present, there are some problems in the introduction of sugarcane in Guangxi:(1) the introduction of sugarcane germplasm resources had great problems in adaptability;(2) the introduction of excellent sugarcane germplasm resources in other countries or regions might bring the risk of new diseases and insect pests, and increase the risks of safety cultivation of sugarcane industry;(3) the introduced germplasm resources were not fully shared among domestic breeding units.【Suggestion】Strengthen the introduction of excellent sugarcane germplasm resources, standardize the introduction procedure of sugarcane, strictly observe quarantine rules for introduction, and pay attention to the construction and sharing of the database of introduced planting resources. |
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