| 甘蔗套种马铃薯机械化栽培对土壤微生物多样性及甘蔗养分吸收的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘晓燕,梁强,庞天,李毅杰,徐林,吴凯朝,邓智年,宋修鹏,李杨瑞,王维赞.甘蔗套种马铃薯机械化栽培对土壤微生物多样性及甘蔗养分吸收的影响[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(2):297-306. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘晓燕 梁强 庞天 李毅杰 徐林 吴凯朝 邓智年 宋修鹏 李杨瑞 王维赞 |
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| 作者单位： | 广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,南宁 530007 |
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| 基金项目： | 广西科技重大专项（桂科AA17202005）；广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目（桂农科2021YT011，桂农科2021ZX01，桂农科2020ZX13） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究甘蔗套种马铃薯机械化栽培对土壤微生物多样性和甘蔗养分吸收的影响，为该套种模式的推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用大田随机区组试验，设甘蔗单作（对照）和甘蔗套种马铃薯2种栽培模式，每种种植模式分为根际区和非根际区进行土壤采集，即甘蔗单作区的根际土、非根际土及甘蔗套种区的根际土、非根际土。利用传统测定方法和Illumina高通量测序技术分析2种栽培模式下的土壤理化性质、甘蔗养分吸收和微生物多样性的差异。【结果】与甘蔗单作相比，套种区甘蔗根际土的有机质、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别显著提高4.93%、12.32%、6.40%和8.92%（P< 0.05，下同）；非根际土的有机质、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别显著提高10.50%、56.01%、48.31%和51.52%；套种区显著降低了土壤容重，提高了土壤含水量。套种区土壤的真菌Shannon、ACE和Chao1指数显著高于单作区，Simpson指数显著低于单作区；土壤细菌Shannon、Simpson、ACE和Chao1指数则与单作区无显著差异（P> 0.05，下同）。套种提高了土壤细菌酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）及真菌担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、毛霉菌门（Mucoromycota）和其他未知真菌类群的比例，降低了细菌变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和杆菌属门（Patescibacteria）及真菌子囊菌门（Ascomycota）的比例。相关分析结果显示，土壤pH、速效钾、土壤容重和土壤含水量对土壤细菌及真菌群落的影响较大，其中土壤细菌群落中的拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门分别与土壤容重和土壤有效磷呈显著正相关，绿弯菌门和芽单胞菌门分别与土壤容重和土壤速效钾呈显著负相关；土壤真菌群落中的子囊菌门与土壤容重呈显著正相关，担子菌门与土壤容重呈显著负相关。套种显著降低了苗期甘蔗对磷和钾的吸收量，对生长后期甘蔗的养分吸收无显著影响。【结论】甘蔗套种马铃薯机械化栽培可有效改善土壤理化性质，改变土壤微生物群落结构，提高甘蔗产量和含糖量，增加经济效益，实现土地的用养结合，是较合理的套种模式。
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| 关 键 词： | 甘蔗 马铃薯 套种 机械化 微生物多样性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-01-13 |
Influence of mechanized cultivation on sugarcane/potato intercropping in soil microbial diversity and nutrient absorption of sugarcane |
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| LIU Xiao-yan,LIANG Qiang,PANG Tian,LI Yi-jie,XU Lin,WU Kai-chao,DENG Zhi-nian,SONG Xiu-peng,LI Yang-rui,WANG Wei-zan.Influence of mechanized cultivation on sugarcane/potato intercropping in soil microbial diversity and nutrient absorption of sugarcane[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(2):297-306. |
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| Authors: | LIU Xiao-yan LIANG Qiang PANG Tian LI Yi-jie XU Lin WU Kai-chao DENG Zhi-nian SONG Xiu-peng LI Yang-rui WANG Wei-zan |
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| Affiliation: | Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning 530007, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To investigate the influence on soil microbial diversity and sugarcane nutrient accumulation by mechanized cultivation of sugarcane/potato intercropping.Furthermore, to provide scientific evidence for the application and promotion of this cultivated mode.【Method】A field randomized block experiment which including two treatments:sugarcane monoculture(control) and sugarcane/potato intercropping was set up.The rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of each treatment were collected for further analysis, which were rhizosphere soil of sugarcane monoculture, non-rhizosphere soil of sugarcane monoculture, rhizosphere soil of sugarcane intercropping and non-rhizosphere soil of sugarcane intercropping.The physical and chemical properties difference, nutrient accumulation in sugarcane plant and microbial community structure diversity in soil in different treatments were analyzed using traditional measurement and Illumina high throughput sequencing technology.【Result】As compared to the monoculture, the organic matter content, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents in rhizosphere soil of sugarcane cropping were significantly increased by 4.93%, 12.32%, 6.40% and 8.92% (P< 0.05, the same below), while those in non-rhizosphere soil were increased by 10.50%, 56.01%, 48.31% and 51.52%, respectively.The soil bulk density was significantly reduced while soil water content was increased in intercropping area.The Shannon, ACE and Chao1 indexes of fungus in intercropping soil were significantly higher than monoculture.But the Simpson index was significantly lower than monoculture.The Shannon, Simpson, ACE and Chao1 indexes of bacteria in intercropping soil had no significant difference with monoculture(P> 0.05, the same below).Intercropping increased the proportion of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes in bacteria and Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota and other unknown fungi, and decreased the proportion of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Patescibacteria in bacteria and Ascomycota in fungus.The relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Chlorobacteria and Lycophyta in bacteria, and unknown fungi were increased in intercropping than monoculture, but those of Acidobacteria and Firmicutes in bacteria, Saccharomyces in fungi were decreased.Correlation analysis indicated that the soil pH, soil organic matter content, soil available potassium content, soil bulk density and soil water content had a great influence on soil microbial diversity.Among them, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes diversity of soil bacterial had significant positive correlation with soil bulk density and available phosphorus content, while the diversity of Chloroflexi and Gemmatimonadetes were significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density and available potassium content.As for the soil fungi diversity, Ascomycota was significantly positively correlated with soil bulk density while Basidiomycota was significantly negatively correlated with it.The nitrogen accumulation was significantly increased, but the phosphorus and potassium accumulation were decreased in sugarcane plant at seedling stage of intercropping treatment, while that was no significant difference of nutrient accumulation at the mature stage.【Conclusion】The mechanized cultivation of sugarcane/potato intercropping has a positively impact on soil chemical properties, changes soil microbial diversity, sugarcane production and sugar content, increase economic benefit and realize the combination of land use and maintenance.It is a reasonable interplanting mode. |
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