| 赤霉素对苦荞生长、结实和产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王强,向达兵,魏威,万燕,甘圳,邱庆成,齐安银,邹鑫,张捷语.赤霉素对苦荞生长、结实和产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(2):441-450. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王强 向达兵 魏威 万燕 甘圳 邱庆成 齐安银 邹鑫 张捷语 |
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| 作者单位： | 成都大学农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室, 成都 610106 |
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| 基金项目： | 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项;国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探究赤霉素（GA3）对苦荞生长发育的影响机制，为苦荞高产栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以川荞1号为试验材料，于苦荞始花期叶面喷施不同浓度（0、25、50和75 mg/L）的GA3溶液，其中0 mg/L处理喷施等量清水作为对照（CK），分析不同处理对苦荞生长、光合生理、开花结实及产量的影响。【结果】与CK相比，不同浓度GA3处理均能促进苦荞植株生长，随GA3浓度增加，株高呈显著增高趋势（P<0.05，下同），主茎分枝数先增多后减少，但主茎节数无显著变化（P>0.05）。外源GA3能显著提高苦荞光合作用，且均以50 mg/L浓度处理效果最好。与CK相比，苦荞灌浆后期（处理后30 d） 50 mg/L浓度处理的SPAD值提高26.0%，苦荞灌浆中期（处理后20 d） 50 mg/L浓度处理的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别提高28.6%、31.3%和16.1%，而胞间CO2浓度降低12.3%。外源GA3还能促进苦荞开花结实，与CK相比，结实率、总花数、成熟籽粒数和枯花数分别增加19.5%、13.8%、30.0%和38.4%，枯粒数降低41.4%。苦荞的单株粒重和产量随着GA3浓度增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，50 mg/L处理的单株粒重和产量达最大值，分别较CK显著增加16.1%和21.8%。【结论】叶面喷施GA3可显著提高川荞1号苦荞光合作用，促进开花结实，提高产量，以始花期喷施50 mg/L效果最佳。
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| 关 键 词： | 苦荞 赤霉素 (GA3) 生长 结实 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-11-10 |
Effects of gibberellin on the growth,fruiting and yield of tartary buckwheat |
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| WANG Qiang,XIANG Da-bing,WEI Wei,WAN Yan,GAN Zhen,QIU Qing-cheng,QI An-yin,ZOU Xin,ZHANG Jie-yu.Effects of gibberellin on the growth,fruiting and yield of tartary buckwheat[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(2):441-450. |
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| Authors: | WANG Qiang XIANG Da-bing WEI Wei WAN Yan GAN Zhen QIU Qing-cheng QI An-yin ZOU Xin ZHANG Jie-yu |
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| Affiliation: | Key Laboratory of Coarse Grains Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To explore the effect of gibberellin (GA3) on the promotion of tartary buckwheat growth and development,so as to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for high-yielding tartary buckwheat cultivation.【Method】Chuanqiao No.1 was used as the test material. Plants were sprayed at the beginning of flowering with different concentrations(0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L) of GA3 solution, where the 0 mg/L treatment consisted of spraying with an equal amount of water as a control(CK). The effect of the different treatments on tartary buckwheat growth, photosynthetic physiology, flowering and yield effects were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the CK group, different concentrations of GA3 treatment were able to promote tartary buckwheat plant growth. With the increase in GA3 concentration, plant height showed a significant increase (P<0.05, the same below), and the number of main stem branches first increased and then decreased, but the number of main stem nodes did not change significantly (P>0.05). Exogenous GA3 was seen to significantly improve tartary buckwheat photosynthesis and treatment with 50 mg/L produced the best effect. Compared with CK, tartary buckwheat treated with 50 mg/L showed a 26.0% increase in SPAD value at the late-filling stage(30 d after treatment) and increases in the rates of net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of 28.6%, 31.3% and 16.1%, respectively, at the mid-filling stage. Conversely, the intercellular CO2 concentration was decreased by 12.3% with this treatment. Exogenous GA3 also promoted tartary buckwheat flowering and fruiting. Relative to the CK group, the fruiting rate, total number of flowers, number of mature seeds and dead flowers were increased by 19.5%,13.8%, 30.0% and 38.4%, respectively, accompanied by a 41.4% reduction in the number of dead grains. Tartary buckwheat grain weight and yield with the increase in GA3 concentration showed a trend of increase to 50 mg/L, followed by a decrease. Relative to the CK group, the maximum increases in grain weight and yield were 16.1% and 21.8%, respectively.【Conclusion】Foliar spraying of GA3 can significantly improve photosynthesis and promote flowering and fruiting, with increased yields from Chuanqiao No.1. The best effect can be achieved by spraying 50 mg/L at the first flowering stage. |
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