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三峡水库成库期间鱼类空间分布的水声学研究

Hydroacoustic Surveys on Spatial Distribution of Fishes in the Three Gorges Reservoir During the First Impoundment

投稿时间：2008-08-12

DOI：

英文关键词:Three Gorges reservoir Hydro - acoustic Target - Strength Biomass

基金项目:

作者	单位
陶江平	水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所，武汉 430079 中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉 430072
陈永柏	中国长江三峡工程开发总公司，宜昌
乔晔	水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所，武汉
谭细畅	中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉
常剑波	水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所，武汉

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中文摘要:

２００７年４月１８日～５月１日，利用ＳＩＭＲＡＤＥＹ６０回声探测仪（又称鱼探仪）对三峡水库坝前到丰都干流以及９条主要支流进行了水声学探测。采用垂直探测结合“之”字形路线的方法对库区整个水体鱼类的分布状况进行了研究。调查水域长度约有６００ｋｍ，回波数据分成１２３２个片段进行分析。结果表明：在５ｍ以下水层，体长大于６ｃｍ的鱼类在该区域平均密度为５６７．６８尾／ｄａｍ３，且鱼类分布不均匀。在巫山至奉节江段鱼类的密度最低，密度的平均值和标准误（ｍｅａｎ±Ｓ．Ｅ）为（８．１±０．４７）尾／ｄａｍ３；在忠县到丰都江段密度最高，平均值和标准误（ｍｅａｎ±Ｓ．Ｅ）为（２５９７．０６±１５４．０８）尾／ｄａｍ３。从坝前到丰都，干流鱼类资源量总体上呈现逐步增加的趋势。支流资源量要比干流高。目标强度在－６０～－５０ｄＢ的鱼体大小差异不显著，大于－５０ｄＢ鱼体的平均目标强度在巴东－巫山江段最高，巫山－奉节江段及抱龙河次之。小型鱼体的大小在各江段没有统计学差异，中型和大型鱼体在巴东－巫山江段鱼体个体相对最大，万州－忠县江段以及小江、长滩河等水域鱼类个体相对较小。

英文摘要:

Hydroacoustic technology provides powerful tools for determining size, abundance, and distribution of fish. An application of a split - beam echosounder operating at 200 kHz was investigated to estimate the density of the fish stock in the Three Gorge reservoir in April and May 2007. The transducer was set vertically to get the fish echo from the depth of 5 meter to the bottom water layers. Survey has been conducted in the mainstream as well as in the nine anabranchs of the Three Gorges reservoir. All of the echogram has been divided into 1 232 units by 600 - 800pings per unit, each unit analysed indvidually. Results indicated that , on the area of surveyed, distribution of the fish stock is uneven and, the volume density of fish in the segment Wushan - Fengjie is rare, and the mean density merely is 8. lind./dam^3. （ SE = 0.47 ）, but in the segment Zhongxian - Fengdu is 2 597.06 ind./dam^3 （SE = 154.08） ,which is the highest volume density area of reservoir. The results also indicated that from Three Gorge Dam to segment Zhongxian - Fengdu, the volume density of fish stock has a trend of increasing. Meanwhile, volume density of fish stock in the anabranch is higher than that in the mainstream. The spatial variations of distribution of fish densities might caused by the ascending of water level or lower of the velocity of flow, Which need a future study.

陶江平,陈永柏,乔晔,谭细畅,常剑波.2008.三峡水库成库期间鱼类空间分布的水声学研究[J].水生态学杂志,29(1):25-33.

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