Yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the pseudocereals amaranth,quinoa, and buckwheat under differing nitrogen fertilization |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Street 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria;2. Institute of Crop Farming and Grassland Research, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 23, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;1. Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China;2. Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station, 595 Onion Ave., Ontario, Oregon, USA;1. Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198, Lleida, Spain;3. International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), P.O. Box 14660, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;4. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China;1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, c/Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;2. Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Edificio Bioregión, 18016 Granada, Spain;3. Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, I-00128 Roma, Italy;4. Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy;5. Inter-Departmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI Agroalimentare), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich, 60, I-47521 Cesena, Italy;6. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich, 60, I-47521 Cesena, Italy;1. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, United States;2. Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382, United States |
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| Abstract: | In recent years, the cultivation of the pseudocereal species amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat has gained rising attention. This study was undertaken to explore nitrogen (N) fertility requirements and nitrogen use efficiency of these species. For this purpose, a 2-year field experiment with N rates of 0, 80, and 120 kg N ha?1 for amaranth and quinoa and 0, 30, and 60 kg N ha?1 for buckwheat and two cultivars of each species was conducted.Grain yield of amaranth responded to N and ranged between 1986 and 2767 kg ha?1. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) ranged from 13.9 to 15.4 kg grain yield per kg above-ground plant N and decreased with increasing N rate. Higher grain yields and NUtEs seemed to be mainly inhibited by the low harvest index (0.22–0.23) of the investigated amaranth cultivars.Quinoa yielded between 1790 and 3495 kg grain ha?1 and responded strongly to N fertilization. NUtE averaged 22.2 kg kg?1 and did not decrease with increasing N rates.The grain yield of buckwheat did not respond to N fertilization and averaged 1425 kg ha?1. N uptake increased only slightly with N fertilization. NUtE ranged from 16.1 to 20.0 kg kg?1. Main problems occurring with the application of N to buckwheat were grain scattering and lodging. |
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