三峡库区水土保持工程农户参与行为调查

目的]研究三峡库区水土保持工程农户参与程度、参与阶段性特征及主要影响因素,为区域水土保持生态环境建设提供决策参考。方法]采用参与式农户评估法调查了113户农户,并通过深度访谈重点了解农户对水土保持的相关诉求,运用二元逻辑回归模型分析了农户参与水土保持工程的主要影响因素。结果](1)库区农户对水土保持的认知度和对水土保持工程的满意度均不高。(2)库区农户多以有偿投工方式参与水土保持工程;农户参与程度低,以零参与和低度参与为主,中度参与和高度参与仅占12%。水土保持工程规划设计、施工、后期管护三阶段农户参与比例分别为19%,42%和2%。(3)参与工程能否挣钱和农户对水土保持的认知是影响农户参与水土保持工程的主要因素。农户参与工程收入越多、水土保持认知度越高,其参与水土保持工程积极性越大。结论]三峡库区农户水土保持认知度偏低,农户参与水土保持工程偏少,参与阶段主要集中在施工期,不利于水土保持工程的开展和效益发挥。今后要加强水土保持宣传和教育,改革农户参与激励机制,增强水土保持工程实用性和适宜性,以更好发挥水土保持工程的作用。

Investigation on Farmer Participation Behavior in Soil Conservation Projects in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Objective] Farmer participation behavior has significant impacts on soil erosion control. The paper analyzed the level and the stage features of involvement in soil conservation project, and also the main factors affecting the participation in the Three Gorges reservoir area in order to provide decision-making reference for soil conservation and ecological environment construction in the study area. Methods] We investigated 113 households inhabited in the soil conservation project region of the Three Gorges Reservoir area by using the questionnaire method, and as far as possible to understand some significant contents, such as the farmers'' expectations by in-depth interview. Then the main affecting factors on farmers'' participation behavior were analyzed by the binary logistic model. Results] (1) Few farmers were familiar with the national soil conservation policy and were satisfied with the soil conservation projects in the area. (2) Farmers often participated in the projects for labor fees; the degree and the proportion of farmer participation were both low. According to the interview, households with no or less participation accounted for 88% of the total local households, those with middle and high degree participation were only 12%. Regarding the project stages, the involved farmers were 19%, 42% and 2%, respectively for planning, construction and latter maintenance. (3) The dominant factors affecting farmers'' participation enthusiasm included cash earning and cognition in soil conservation policy. The more money the farmers can earn from the conservation project, the higher awareness of soil conservation they can get, and the higher degree they will participate in the soil conservation project. Conclusion] Farmers in the Three Gorges reservoir area are less aware of soil conservation and less involved in the soil conservation project.