太原市市售蔬菜重金属污染状况及健康风险评估

为明确太原市市售蔬菜重金属污染状况及经食入途径对人体产生的健康风险，测定了太原市市售15种蔬菜共130个样品中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr的含量。根据国家食品卫生限量标准用单污染指数和综合污染指数对蔬菜重金属污染状况进行评价，根据国际辐射防护委员会限定值对市民摄入重金属污染蔬菜带来的健康风险进行评估。结果表明：43.8%的生菜、33.3%的白菜、5.6%的韭菜中的Pb超标；75%的生菜、25%的白菜中的Cd超标；生菜有轻度污染，芹菜和白菜污染程度达警戒线，其余品种蔬菜为安全；蔬菜重金属污染程度依次是Pb>Cd>Cr>Zn>Cu。太原市市售蔬菜致癌化学污染物Cd的个人年风险为7.14×10-6 a-1，Cr为6.20×10-5 a-1，非致癌化学污染物Pb的个人年风险为2.34×10-8 a-1，Cu为7.92×10-8 a-1，Zn为4.40×10-9 a-1；摄入污染蔬菜带来的健康风险来源是Cr，其个人年风险水平高于国际辐射防护委员会ICRP的限定值。

Status and Health Risk Assessment of Vegetable Heavy Metal Contamination in Taiyuan City

To investigate heavy metal pollution character of vegetables and to assess its human health risk in Taiyuan city, a survey was conducted to detect the contents of heavy metals in 130 samples of 15 kinds of vegetables that were collected from the markets of Taiyuan City. These heavy metals values were valuated subsequently according to national hygiene standard methods. Heavy metal pollution of vegetables was assessed with Nemerow index and single-factor index respectively. Human health risks from heavy metals in vegetables were valued according to the standards of International Commission on Radio logical Protection(ICRP). The results showed that the standard-exceeding ratio of Pb in lettuce, cabbage and leek was 43.8%, 33.3% and 5.6% respectively, the standard-exceeding ratio of Cd in lettuce and cabbage was 75% and 25% respectively. The contamination of lettuce belonged to light level, celery and cabbage belonged to alert level, and others belonged to safety level, the following order: Pb>Cd>Cr>Zn>Cu. The average annual risks of health hazards caused by intake of vegetables per person among Taiyuan residents were 7.14×10-6 person/year for Cd, 6.20×10-5 person/year for Cr, 2.34×10-8person/year for Pb, 7.92×10-8 for Cu and 4.40×10-9 for Zn. Human health risks from heavy metals in vegetables in Taiyuan City were mainly caused by chemical carcinogens Cr. The individual health risk of heavy metal pollution was higher than the standard of ICRP.