长江口雌性成体刀鲚不同组织的脂肪酸组成分析

刀鲚(Coilia nasus)是一种江海生殖洄游性鱼类，长江口是刀鲚重要的洄游通道。本研究首次关注洄游至长江口卵巢发育比较成熟的繁殖群体的营养状况，并比较分析了其不同组织总脂和脂肪酸组成，为探明长江口水域刀鲚繁殖群体的营养状况及繁殖性能提供参考信息。结果显示，肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中的水分含量依次降低，总脂含量依次增加。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总量在肝脏中最高，肌肉中最低，3种组织间差异显著(P<0.05)；单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)中C18:1n9c的含量最高，其在肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中的含量依次为(40.88±0.19)%、(35.06±1.84)%和(42.85±2.14)%，肝脏中含量显著低于其他2个组织(P<0.05)；多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、n3-PUFA及二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量在肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中依次升高，卵巢中的含量显著高于肝脏和肌肉(P<0.05)，而后二者间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)/SFA的比值依次为2.35、1.67和4.49,n3-PUFA/n6-PUFA的比值依次为4.94、3.87和5.13...

Analysis of fatty acid composition in different tissues of adult female Coilia nasus collected from the Yangtze Estuary

Coilia nasus is a species of anadromous migratory fish, which predominantly lives in the sea. During the breeding season, the reproductive population migrates from the sea to rivers to reproduce and clusters to form a fishing season. The Yangtze Estuary is an important migration channel for this species. In recent years, due to the influence of upstream dam construction, water conservancy projects along the Yangtze River, environmental pollution and overfishing, the populations of this species in the Yangtze River are on the verge of extinction. In order to better protect C. nasus in the Yangtze River, a large number of studies on the conservation and management of its resources, migration habits, genetic structure, and the effects of resource recovery on this species have been conducted. As for the nutritional composition of C. nasus, studies have been conducted on the different sources, ecotypes, breeding methods, and stages of gonad development. These studies have mainly focused on the muscle nutrition of C. nasus from the Yangtze River; however, none have investigated the nutritional composition of different tissues of the reproductive populations from the Yangtze Estuary. This study is the first to determine the nutritional status of the reproductive population that migrates to the Yangtze Estuary with mature ovaries, and to compare and analyze the distribution characteristics of total lipids and fatty acids in different tissues, and provides reference information for ascertaining the nutritional status and reproductive performance of this species in the Yangtze Estuary. In this study, the contents of moisture, total lipid, and fatty acid composition in muscle, liver, and ovary tissues of adult female C. nasus with gonad development stage IV were measured and analyzed using standard GB methods. The results indicated that: The moisture content declined successively in muscle, liver, and ovary tissues, with measurements of (77.91±1.61)%, (75.01±1.33)%, and (46.77±5.58)%, respectively. The total lipid content of dry matter increased successively in muscle, liver, and ovary tissues, with measurements of (16.21±1.09)%, (21.94±1.23)%, and (55.21±1.35)%, respectively. The saturated fatty acids (SFA) content was (29.89±0.81)%, (37.60±3.06)%, and (18.33±1.61)% in the muscle, liver, and ovaries, respectively, with the highest in the liver and the lowest in the ovaries. There were significant differences in SFA contents among the three tissues (P<0.05). The content of C18:1n9c was highest in mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), with values of (40.88±0.19)%, (35.06±1.84)%, and (42.85±2.14)% in muscle, liver, and ovary tissues, respectively. The content of C18:1n9c in liver was significantly lower than that in the other two tissues (P<0.05). In polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was the highest, followed by that of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The total content of DHA and EPA in muscle, liver, and ovary tissues was (12.42±0.49)%, (12.41±2.32)%, and (16.20±1.49)% respectively, with the highest content in the ovary. The contents of PUFA, n3-PUFA and DHA increased successively in the muscle, liver, and ovary tissues, and were significantly higher in ovary tissue than in the muscle and liver (P<0.05), but showed no significant difference between muscle and liver (P>0.05). The ratio of UFA/SFA in muscle, liver, and ovary tissues was 2.35, 1.67, and 4.49, respectively, and the ratio of n3-PUFA/n6-PUFA in the same three tissues was 4.94, 3.87, and 5.13, respectively. These ratios were highest in the ovary, followed by the muscle, and were the lowest in the liver. In summary, the total lipid, PUFA, EPA, DHA, and n3-PUFA contents and the ratios of UFA/SFA and n3-PUFA/n6-PUFA were highest in ovary tissues, and the distribution characteristics of the corresponding composition in different tissues was closely related to the reproductive habits of this species during gonad development stage IV. The accumulation of rich lipids and reasonable essential fatty acid nutrition in the ovary can improve the reproductive performance of C. nasus in this stage and provide sufficient nutrition and energy sources for the development of eggs and larvae in the subsequent stage. In this study, it was found that the lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrition of C. nasus adults with ovarian development to stage IV selectively accumulated in the ovary, which is an adaptation to the reproductive activities of this species at this stage. The results provide basic data for determining the differences in nutritional demands of C. nasus adults at different ovarian development stages and the mechanisms for the synthesis and transformation of essential fatty acids. Additionally, this study lays a foundation for further exploration of the relationship between ovarian nutritional status and egg quality. Relevant data can enrich the reproductive biology knowledge of this species and provide theoretical guidance for protecting the reproductive population and the maintenance of C. nasus spawning grounds in the waters adjacent to the Yangtze Estuary.