装包卸包型马铃薯联合收获机设计与试验

针对现有马铃薯联合收获机薯土秧杂分离效果差、伤薯破皮严重以及后续清选除杂成本高等问题，采用双筛薯杂分离、拨板摘薯、人工辅助分拣除杂、缓存集薯装包和随重渐降卸包相结合的作业方式，研制了一种装包卸包型马铃薯联合收获机，该机具主要由松土限深装置、挖掘装置、双筛式薯杂分离装置、拨板摘薯装置、人工辅助分拣平台以及集薯装包卸包装置等部分组成。在阐述总体结构和工作原理的基础上，对双筛薯杂分离过程和拨板摘薯过程进行力学分析，明确了马铃薯运动轨迹和碰撞特征；拨板摘薯装置可实现薯秧脱附分离，降低损失率；缓存集薯装包与随重渐降卸包技术，可实现缓存和装包状态自动切换，确保不停机柔性集薯与减损卸包。试验结果表明，当作业速度为3.01、3.95 km/h时，生产率分别为0.39、0.51 hm²/h,伤薯率分别为1.68%和1.44%,破皮率分别为2.05%和1.71%,含杂率分别为1.75%和1.96%,损失率分别为1.56%和1.52%,各项性能指标均满足相关标准要求。

Design and Experiment of a Bagging and Unloading Potato Combine Harvester

In response to the bottleneck issues of low impurity removal efficiency, difficulty in removing seedlings and vines, severe damage and bruising of potatoes and high cost of subsequent cleaning and impurity removal in existing potato combine harvesters, a bagging and unloading potato combine harvester was developed by an operation mode which was double sieve for potato-soil separation, plate device for picking potatoes, manual assisted sorting and automatic bagging and unloading. This machine was mainly composed of soil loosening and depth limiting device, soil cutting and vine cutting device, excavation device, primary sieve for separating potatoes and soil, manual auxiliary sorting platform, double-sieve device for separating potatoes and impurity, plate picking potatoes device, and potato bagging and unloading device. On the basis of elaborating on the overall structure and working principle of the harvester, the process of double sieve for separating potatoes and soil and plate picking potatoes were analyzed, the movement trajectory and impact characteristics of potatoes at the connection between the sorting conveyor sieve and the potato bagging and unloading device were clarified. The plate picking device could achieve the separation of potatoes and seedlings, which could reduce the loss rate. The technology of caching and bagging potatoes and unloading with gradually decreasing weight could achieve automatic switching between the caching and bagging status to ensure non-stop flexible potato harvesting and loss reduction unloading. The experimental results showed that at operating speeds of 3.01km/h and 3.95km/h, the productivity was 0.39hm2/h and 0.51hm2/h, the damage rate of potatoes was 1.68% and 1.44%, the bruising rate of potatoes was 2.05% and 1.71%, the impurity content rate was 1.75% and 1.96%, and the loss rate was 1.56% and 1.52%, respectively. All performance indicators met the requirements of relevant standards.