β-葡聚糖的免疫增强作用机理研究进展

β-葡聚糖具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗感染等多种生物活性和功能。β-葡聚糖作为非特异性的免疫调节剂，不仅能激活免疫细胞，还能促进细胞因子生成，激活补体系统，促进抗体产生，对免疫系统发挥多方面的调节作用。作者将对β-葡聚糖免疫增强的分子机理的研究进展作一概述。近年来从分子水平研究结果表明，多糖通过与巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞表面多糖受体相结合，影响细胞的信息传递过程，从而影响这类细胞基因表达和淋巴细胞功能，调节机体免疫功能，淋巴细胞的多种功能均与细胞内cAMP和cGMP的含量及其比值变化有关。研究结果显示，β-葡聚糖具有调节细胞内cAMP和cGMP水平的功能。 另外，β-葡聚糖对免疫细胞NO生成具有明显的促进作用，并与干扰素具有协同促进作用，多糖可影响淋巴细胞前列腺素的分泌，调节免疫功能。阐明多糖的免疫学机理有助于开发新型免疫增强制剂。

Mechanism Study of β-glucans for Enhanced Immune Competence

β-glucans show multiple biological activities and function such as immunomodulation, anti-tumor, anti-microbial infection. As non-specific immunomodulators, β-glucans activate immune cells, promote cytokine production, activate complement system, and stimulate antibody production, therefore it play an important role in immune system, The study is to give general review on molecular mechanism of β-glucans for enhanced immune system. Research on molecular level from recent years showed that polysaccharides as immunomodulators combine with receptors on surface of macrophages, neutrophilic granulocyte, and lymphocytes, affecting information transfer which therefore further affect gene expression and function of these immune cells. Roles of lymphocytes are related to cellular cAMP and cGMP levels and its ratio. β-glucans affect cAMP and cGMP levels and ratio and therefore modulate cellular activities. -glucans induce NO production of immune cells and have synergism action with interferons. In addition, β glucans affect secretion of prostaglandin of lymphocytes and modulate immune function. Elucidation of immune modulation mechanism of β-glucans will be helpful for development of new types of immune enhancers. 