3种管理措施对红富士苹果生长发育及品质的影响

为了改善密闭果园的通风透光条件,提高苹果品质,寻求良好的管理措施。以10年生短枝红富士苹果为试验树,研究了间伐、提干和落头3种管理措施对老龄红富士苹果树的花芽分化、树体结构、光合能力及果实品质的影响。结果表明,间伐能显著促进花芽分化,增加长枝和中枝的数量;提干表现出减少单株花芽分化量的效果,且随着干高的增加,单株花芽分化量呈减少的趋势,提干至干高为1.2~1.3 m会显著降低1年生枝的总量;树高高于1.7 m时对单株花芽分化量和1年生枝总量的影响均较小;3种管理措施均能提高红富士苹果树的光合作用和果实品质。提示较优的管理措施是密度840株/hm2左右,干高0.9~1.0 m,树高2.2~2.4 m。

Effect of three management practice on growth and fruit quality of red Fuji apple

In order to improve orchard ventilation and illumination situation,enhance apple quality and seek good management practices,this experiment has studied the effects of three management practices with 10-year-old Fuji apple in Shaanxi province.The results show that reducing orchard density is able to increase flower-bud differentiation and the number of long,and middle branches.But the effect of increasing the height of trunk goes to the reverse way and with the height of tree increasing,the flower-bud differentiation per tree decreases.Increasing trunk up to 1.2-1.3 m is able to reduce the number of yearly shoot;when the tree height is above 1.7 m,it has little effect on the flower-bud differentiation per tree and the number of yearly shoot.Furthermore,all the three management practices can improve photosynthetic ability and fruit quality.The above analysis shows that the best measure of managing apple is to keep the orchard density about 840 trees per hm2,trunk height between 0.9-1.0 m and tree height between 2.2-2.4 m.