华北麦玉轮作农田减量统筹施磷研究*

为了探究当前中国土壤磷库普遍盈余情况下磷肥的合理减量措施，以华北地区典型冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统为研究对象，引入周年磷肥利用率的概念，综合研究减量统筹施磷措施对不同土壤磷含量地块的冬小麦、夏玉米、以及周年磷肥利用效率、产量的影响。结果表明，在高磷土壤上，减量统筹施磷措施的周年磷肥利用率可从7%提高到16.6%，周年磷养分偏生产力从66提高到130kg/kg，磷肥农学效率从5.5提高到8.9 kg/kg；在中磷土壤上，周年磷肥利用率从11.4%提高到23.8%，周年磷养分偏生产力从57 kg/kg提高到112 kg/kg，磷肥农学效率从10.8提高到20 kg/kg。可见华北地区当前土壤普遍磷盈余情况下，减量统筹施磷可大幅提高磷肥利用效率，且保障冬小麦、夏玉米两茬作物不减产。

Annual Co-ordinated Reduction of Phosphorus Application to Wheat/ Maize Rotation System in North China Plain

To explore the reasonable reduction measures of phosphate fertilizer in current soil phosphorus surplus pool in China, the typical winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in North China is taken as the research object, and the concept of annual phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate is introduced to comprehensively study the effects of phosphorus reduction combined with annual coordination measures on annual phosphate fertilizer use efficiency and yield in fields with different phosphorus contents. The results showed that in the high phosphorus soil, the annual phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate of the integrated phosphorus application measures could be increased from 7% to 16.6%, the annual phosphorus nutrient partial productivityincreasedfrom66kg/kgto130kg/kg,andthephosphateagronomicefficiencyincreasedfrom 5.5kg/kg to 8.9 kg/kg; in the medium phosphorus soil, the annual phosphate fertilizer utilization rate increased from 11.4% to 23.8%, the annual phosphorus nutrient partial productivity increased from 57 kg/kg to 112 kg/kg, and the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer increased from 10.8 kg/kg to 20 kg/kg. Therefore, under the current situation of soil phosphorus surplus in North China, the reduction of co- ordinated phosphorus application can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, and ensure the production of the two crops of winter wheat and summer maize.