豆科植物繁殖烟蚜及扩繁烟蚜茧蜂的潜力

为探究豆科植物作为繁育烟蚜和扩繁烟蚜茧蜂寄主植物的潜力，本研究测试了烟蚜在豌豆、蚕豆、大豆和绿豆4种豆科植物上的发育历期和繁殖力，随后比较了豆科植物和烟草繁育的烟蚜茧蜂以及蚕豆烟蚜茧蜂回接烟草所获得的子代蜂在羽化率、体型、成虫寿命和寄生力等重要生物学特性上的差异。结果表明：与豌豆和蚕豆相比，大豆与绿豆上蚜虫发育历期更短；大豆与绿豆单头烟蚜总产蚜量为22.3头和25.2头，显著高于豌豆和蚕豆的21头和18.2头；不同植物上蚜虫扩繁速度有显著差异，绿豆不适合作为扩繁烟蚜和烟蚜茧蜂的寄主植物；豌豆与大豆上僵蚜羽化率为67.5%和78.33%，显著低于其他植物；各植物上子代蜂性比无显著差异；烟草繁育的子代蜂成虫寿命（6.89 d）和后足胫节长（雌蜂573.5 μm，雄蜂493.5 μm）均显著高于豆科植物；不同寄主植物繁育烟蚜茧蜂的寄生力由大到小为烟草，蚕豆，豌豆，大豆；回接组烟蚜茧蜂各项指标均不低于烟草组。综合考虑扩繁周期、时间、空间利用率及经济成本等因素，蚕豆有望成为烟蚜茧蜂规模化扩繁的寄主植物。

Potential of Leguminous Crops as Host Plants for Raring Myzus persicae and Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

In order to explore the potential of leguminous plants as host plants for rearing Myzus persicae and Aphidius gifuensis, development duration and fecundity of Myzus persicae on four legume species, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, Glycine max, and Vigna radiata, were tested. Further, biological characteristics, such as emergence rate, body type, adult lifespan, and parasitic capacity, of the wasp Aphidius gifuensis were compared between the wasps reared on leguminous plants, tobacco, and the progeny wasps reared on tobacco from parent wasps reared on V. faba plants. The results showed that aphids reared on G. max and V. radiata plants were of shorter developmental duration than those obtained on the other two plant species and produced offspring aphids of 22.3 and 25.2, respectively, which were significantly higher than that from P. sativum plants (21) and V. faba plants (18.2). Aphids obtained from P. sativum plants were the heaviest. Aphid propagation rate differed significantly between the host plants, and V. radiata was not a suitable host plant for the propagation of aphid and wasp. The emergence rates of mummy obtained from P. sativum plants (67.5%) and from G. max plants (78.33%) were significantly lower than those obtained from the other two plant species. No significant differences in sex ratio of the progeny aphids were detected between the host plant treatments. The adult progeny wasp lifespan (6.9 d) and tibia length of the hinder leg (573.5 μm for female and 493.5μm for male) obtained from tobacco plants were significantly longer than those obtained from the legume plants. The wasp parasitic capacity resulted from different host plants was ranked as:Nicotiana tabacum > V. faba > P. sativum > G. max. In the progeny wasps reared on tobacco from parent wasps reared on V. faba, the performance parameters were all equal or superior to those of the tobacco group. In conclusion, considering rearing period, time and space use efficiency, and economic cost, V. faba is potential as the most suitable host plant for the mass rearing of A. gifuensis.