植物螯合肽的生物合成与解毒机制及在重金属修复中的应用前景

植物螯合肽能够缓解重金属的毒害作用,并且对必需金属元素在真核生物(如高等植物、真菌和微藻)细胞内的分布具有调节作用。目前,有关植物螯合肽的生物合成及解毒机制已成为分子生物学和污染生态学领域的研究热点。最近已有研究从植物和真菌中分离出植物螯合肽合成酶的编码基因,而且相继在蠕虫和一些原核生物中也发现了类似植物螯合肽合成酶的编码基因。本文综述了植物螯合肽生物合成的分子机制和影响因素,及其在高等植物中对重金属的解毒和累积作用,并论述了这类重要的金属螯合肽在生物修复重金属环境污染中的应用前景。

Biosynthesis and Detoxcification Mechanism of Phytochelatin and Its Application Prospect in Remediation of Heavy Metal

Phytochelatins(PCs) can play important roles in the detoxification of toxic heavy metals and in the regulation of intracellular concentrations of essential metals in eukaryotes.At present,the biosynthetic regulation of PCs and its mechanism of detoxification has attracted extensive attention from the molecular biology and contaminated ecology.Recently,phytochelatin synthase(PCS) genes in higher plants and fission yeast have been isolated and characterized,and that some genes similar to the plant phytochelatin synthase genes in the genomes of worms and some prokaryotes are also discovered.In this review, the biosynthetic mechanisms of PCs and its regulation factors,and the role of PCs in detoxification and accumulation to heavy metals were introduced,and the application prospect of these important metal-binding peptides in bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated environment was discussed.