几种植物提取物对4种植物病原真菌的抑制作用

以链格孢菌、芭蕉炭疽菌、尖孢镰刀菌、灰葡萄孢菌等4种植物病原真菌为供试菌,对采自福建省福州地区16种植物乙醇提取物的抑菌活性进行测试,结果表明,0.0lg·mL-1下,有8种植物对至少1种病原真菌孢子的萌发抑制率达60%以上,大飞扬、杨梅、桃金娘3种植物的乙醇提取物对孢子萌发与菌丝生长都有较好的抑制效果.对这3种植物用极性从小至大的溶剂依次提取,提取物抑菌活性表明,活性物质多只分布在其中1至3种极性溶剂层中,不同极性提取物的抑菌能力与抑菌范围存在较大差异.大飞扬的丙酮提取物对芭蕉炭疽菌孢子可能具有毒害作用,乙酸乙酯提取物使芭蕉炭疽菌和链格孢菌的孢子芽管生长不正常.

Inhibition of plant extracts against plant pathogenic fungi

The inhibiting effects of ethanol extracts from 16 species of plants collected in Fuzhou, Fujian province on conidium germination or on mycelium growth of Alternaria alternate, Colletotrichum musaram, Fusarium oxysporum, Botritis cierea were determined. The results showed that ethanol extracts (0.01 g·mL~(-1)) from 8 species of plants inhibited (more than 60%) conidium germination of one of the 4 kinds of fungi at least, but only a few plant ethanol extracts strongly inhibited mycelium growth. The ethanol extracts of Euphorbia hirta, Myreca rubra or Rhodomyrtus tomentosa greatly inhibited conidium germination or mycelium growth of all the 4 kinds of fungi. Extraction of the three species of plants was made by different solvent from low to high polar solvent in turn. The active compounds were in one to three polar solvent in any plant species. There was difference of inhibiting activity or inhibiting range on fungi among different solvent extracts of these three plant species. Acetone extract of E.hirta may be toxic to spores of C.musaram. Ethyl acetate extrate of E.hirta may have inhibiting effects on conidium germination and mycelium growth of C.musaram.