南极半岛海洋气候区的土壤 I.风化作用

南极海洋性气候区是南极风化与成土作用相对较强的地区。本文在对本区气候特点进行分析的基础上,明确了冻胀风化是本区最主要的物理风化形式,强烈的现代地貌过程对本区风化与成土过程具有显著影响。阐述了本区内化学风化的主要过程、机制与产物,同时指出生物因素在本区的岩石风化与原始土壤形成过程具有重要意义。

SOILS IN MARITIME ANTARCTIC I. WEATHERING PROCESSES

Compared with that in the rest of Antarctica, weathering and soil-forming processes in the maritime Antarctic are relatively strong. It is demonstrated that frost weathering is the dominant form of physical weathering processes and has significant effect on rock disintegration and regolith formation in the region. And, in the maritime Antarctica, various modern periglacial processes play an important role in weathering, material transportation and soil formation. Besides, chemical weathering processes, including modes, mechanisms and products, are outlined in this paper. Meanwhile, it is pointed out that biological factors are quite active and have significant influences on rock-weathering and soil-forming processes.