NOD小鼠的遗传学特性和部分生物学特性观察

应用定期测定NOD小鼠的体重、血糖，统计繁殖特性，绘制生长曲线图，检测遗传位点，镜检病理学特征等方法，对NOD小鼠的遗传学特性和部分生物学特性进行了研究。结果显示：4－32周龄♀、♂小鼠有明显统计学差异（P＜0．01）。非糖尿病小鼠的受孕率为86．7％，而糖尿病小鼠的受孕率仅为53．3％，两组也差异显著（P＜0．05）。小鼠发病后体重随周龄的增长而急剧下降，至死亡时平均体重仅为发病前的60％。NOD（14♀）小鼠从发病到死亡的平均存活时间为22d。NOD小鼠只有在所有胰岛完全或近乎完全破坏时才发生糖尿病，若仍存有少量未萎缩的胰岛，其血糖水平维持于正常范围内。NOD小鼠在所检测的生化标志基因位点上，等位基因全部为纯合子，基因型一致，因某些位点不同程度地参与糖的代谢过程，可能导致糖尿病的发生。

Genetic and some biological characteristics of NOD mice

A study on the genetic and some biological characteristics of NOD mice was made through periodically measuring the weight and blood glucose, analyzing breeding character, graphing growth curve, detecting genetic loci, and observing the pathological changes under microscopy. It showed that there was a statistical significance between male and female mice with 4-32 weeks during the time of observation (P<0. 01). The rate of pregnancy is 86. 7% and 53. 3%, respectively, in non-diabetes and diabetes mice, and there was also a statistical significance between the above groups (P<0. 05). The weight of mice with diabetes dramatically decreased with age of weeks, and the average of the weight of the dead mice was only 60% compared with that before getting diabetes. The mean of living time from getting diabetes to dead was only 22 days in 14 NOD female mice. NOD mice could get diabetes only when complete or almost of islet-cells were disrupted, but the levels of blood glucose could be normal if there were a few insular cells. All alleles were homozygote and its genotype was identical at the detected biological genetic loci in NOD mice. Some genetic loci involved in the metabolism of glucose could be related to diabetes.