希拉穆仁草原植被和土壤对人为干扰的响应

目的]为科学地利用和保护有限的草地资源提供参考依据。方法]从植被和土壤2方面研究3种人为干扰:3年围栏封育(围封)、自由放牧(放牧)和草原旅游(旅游)对希拉穆仁草原的影响。结果]3种不同类型区内植被总盖度、植物种数、平均高度、地上生物量均为围封区>放牧区>旅游区,围封区各指标分别高于放牧区29.2%、43.8%、41.4%、28.7%,高于旅游区70.7%、64.3%、152.3%、84.2%;土壤表层养分受干扰影响明显,围封区各养分指标高于放牧区和旅游区,各区土壤养分含量随土层深度的增加有减小趋势;不同干扰条件下,植被盖度、物种数、平均高度、地上生物量与土壤理化性质指标分布均呈现出一致的正相关关系。结论]放牧和旅游活动加速了草原植被和土壤的退化,围栏封育措施使草原植被和土壤得到了明显的恢复。

Research on the Response of Grassland Plantation and Soil in Xilamuren to Human Disturbance

Objective] The reference basis for the scientific utilization and protection of the limited grassland resource was provided through the research.Method] The influence of human disturbance which included the enclosed grassland culture,free grazing area and tourist area on the plantation and soil of Xilamuren grassland was investigated.Results] The results showed that the order of the coverage rate,the number of species,the average height and the biomass of aboveground was in enclosed area > free grazing area > tourist area(P<0.05).And in the enclosed area the coverage rate,the number of species,the average height and the biomass of aboveground was 29.2%,43.8%,41.4% and 28.7% higher than in the free grazing area and 70.7%,64.3%,152.3% and 84.2% higher than in the tourist area,respectively.There was the obvious effect on the nutrient in surface soil and the nutrient indexes in the enclosed area were all higher than those in free grazing area and tourist area.In each area,the content of the nutrient in soil was with the reducing trend with the soil depth-increasing.Under the condition of different human disturbances,there were the positive relationships between physics/chemical indexes and the coverage rate,the number of species,the average height and the biomass of aboveground.Conclusion] The grazing and tourism activity accelerated the degradation of grassland plantation and soil and the enclosed grassland culture can improve them.