苹果属植物的应用分型及其应用

综述了世界及中国苹果属植物的分布情况和分类概况,并有针对性地叙述了苹果属植物的应用分型情况,即砧木种类、食用种类、观赏种类和基因资源类,提出了各分型的部分代表植物及其在生产应用中存在的一些问题。特别根据我国苹果4大主产区的生态条件、产业基础和市场需求空间等内容,对应苹果属植物的应用分型特点,为今后各主产区的发展方向及产业结构调整提出了建议:2个苹果优势区域带应以鲜食苹果为主,加工为辅进行发展;另2个主产带应以发展加工、早熟及观赏类型苹果为主,并辅以进行基因资源类型的保存和利用工作。最后对苹果资源的保存及观赏苹果类型的发展提出了新的建议。

Applied classification of genus Malus and its application in China

The distribution and general taxonomic system of genus Malus Miller were reviewed in this article.Focusing on applied classification,the plants of Malus could be classified into 4 groups:rootstock group,edible group,ornamental group and germplasm group.Based on analysis of both the diversity of these four groups and the current status of apple production,suggestions for further development in cultivar renewal and quality improvement were given for the 4 major apple production areas in China.The two main areas having predominance in apple production should mainly put the emphases on developing the apple as fresh food,and secondly develop the apple processing industry.The other two apple producing areas should mainly develop the apple processing industry and breed early season and ornamental apple cultivars,and research on germplasm preservation and utilization as well.Some new ideas for developing ornamental apples are also provided.