广东省芋头产业现状与发展对策

芋头是一种重要的蔬菜兼粮食作物,其营养丰富、风味独特,且药用价值高,是老少皆宜的营养品。近几年随着消费升级的需求,人们对高品质的芋头产品越来越青睐。广东地区芋头栽培历史悠久,在长期的发展过程中形成了具有一定地方特色和知名度的品种,为更好利用广东地区的芋头资源,促进芋头产业发展,概述了国内芋头的种质资源圃建设、育种研究、产业发展等现状,分析了广东地区芋头的主栽品种与种植分布、区位资源、品牌、产业化、科学研究等发展现状,指出芋头产业发展中存在品种退化、品质下降,病虫害严重,栽培技术落后,机械化程度低、劳动成本偏高,技术创新服务不足等主要问题。同时从健全芋头脱毒种苗生产推广体系,加强病虫害防治,开展种质资源的收集、保存与利用研究、新品种选育、加速发展芋头深加工研究和科技培训,推进芋头产业机械化作业,加强领导、增加科技投入等方面提出促进广东芋头产业发展的对策建议,以便引导更多人员参与到芋头产业当中,进一步保证广东芋头产业良性发展。

Present Situation and Development Countermeasures of Taro Industry in Guangdong Province

Taro is an important vegetable and food crop, which is rich in nutrition, unique in flavor and high in medicinal value. It is suitable for all ages. In recent years, with the demand for consumption upgrade, people are increasingly favoring high-quality taro products. The cultivation of taro in Guangdong has a long history. In the long-term development process, varieties with certain local characteristics and popularity have been formed. In order to make better use of taro resources in Guangdong and promote the development of the taro industry, the status of taro germplasm resources garden construction, breeding research and industrial development in China is summarized, and the development status of taro in Guangdong, such as planting distribution, location resources, brand status, industrialization and scientific research is analyzed. It points out that there are major problems in the development of taro industry, such as variety degradation and quality decline, serious diseases and insect pests, backward cultivation techniques, low mechanization and high labor costs, and insufficient technical innovation services. To solve the problems mentioned above, the following suggestions are proposed: improving the production and promotion system of taro virus-free seedlings, strengthening disease and insect pest control, carrying out scientific and technological innovation in the collection and preserving and utilization of germplasm resources, selection and breeding of new varieties, deep processing research and scientific and technological training, promoting the mechanization of the taro industry, strengthening leadership, and increasing investment in science and technology, with a view to guide more people to participate in the taro industry and further ensure the healthy development of the taro industry in Guangdong.